Historia de la Electrónica: Los Inventos que Cambiaron el Mundo — Transcript

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1. 0:01Can you imagine a cell phone the size
2. 0:02of a room? Less than a century ago,
3. 0:07that was practically the reality.
4. 0:11Electronics have evolved from huge
5. 0:14vacuum tubes, also known as valves, to
6. 0:16the tiny microchips we carry in our
7. 0:18pockets today. For more than 40 years,
8. 0:23vacuum tubes were the foundation of
9. 0:26electronics. However, they had major
10. 0:30drawbacks; they were bulky, consumed a
11. 0:32lot of power, generated much heat, and
12. 0:35were easily damaged. Everything changed
13. 0:40in 1947 when John Bardeen, Walter
14. 0:42Brattain, and William Shockley
15. 0:44developed the first transistor at Bell
16. 0:47Labs. This small device could perform
17. 0:52the same function as a vacuum tube, but
18. 0:54occupying much less space, using less
19. 0:56energy, and being far more reliable.
20. 1:01The transistor marked the beginning of
21. 1:03a new era and became one of the most
22. 1:05important inventions of the 20th
23. 1:07century, laying the foundation for
24. 1:09modern electronics. Although the
25. 1:11transistor revolutionized electronics,
26. 1:14engineers soon faced a new challenge.
27. 1:18Circuits required hundreds or even
28. 1:21thousands of transistors, resistors,
29. 1:23and capacitors connected by wires. As
30. 1:28complexity increased, so did size, cost
31. 1:31, and the probability of failure. In
32. 1:361958, Jack Kilby developed the first
33. 1:38integrated circuit, an innovation that
34. 1:41allowed for manufacturing multiple
35. 1:43electronic components on a single
36. 1:45semiconductor material. Shortly after,
37. 1:50Robert Noyce perfected this technology,
38. 1:53making its large-scale production
39. 1:55possible. Thanks to this idea, circuits
40. 2:00became much smaller, faster, more
41. 2:02reliable, and more economical. Without
42. 2:07the integrated circuit, it would be
43. 2:09impossible to manufacture computers,
44. 2:11smartphones, or any modern electronic
45. 2:14device. The integration of circuits
46. 2:17continued to advance rapidly. Each new
47. 2:20generation allowed for incorporating
48. 2:22more transistors onto the same chip,
49. 2:25reducing its size and increasing its
50. 2:27capacity. Finally, in 1971, a historic
51. 2:31achievement was reached. All the
52. 2:34functions that make up the central
53. 2:36processing unit, or CPU, could be
54. 2:38manufactured within a single integrated
55. 2:41circuit. Thus, the first microprocessor
56. 2:44was born. Since then, integration has
57. 2:47continued to advance. Microprocessors
58. 2:52paved the way for personal computers
59. 2:54and later for systems capable of
60. 2:56integrating millions and even billions
61. 2:58of transistors on a single chip. Yeah.