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중등 및 기타ㅣ(중등) Health 인(人) 원격 보건교육 - 6. 안전과 응급처치(상황별 응급처치) — Transcript

by 서울시교육청TV · 2,476 words · 387 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:04Hello. Today, we will learn about first
0:08aid methods for various emergency
0:11situations. How do you provide first
0:15aid in each situation? What did you do
0:20when you were cut or scratched and
0:22bleeding, burned by something hot, or
0:25sprained or broke a limb after falling
0:27or bumping into something? Were you
0:31able to provide the appropriate
0:33treatment for each situation? Let's
0:36first look at today's learning
0:39objectives. First, understand the
0:42principles of first aid and explain the
0:44methods for various situations. Second,
0:49be able to perform appropriate first
0:52aid in real-life situations. Everyone,
0:57what is first aid? First aid refers to
1:02the immediate and temporary care given
1:05to someone who has been injured or
1:07fallen ill in an unexpected accident in
1:10daily life before receiving
1:12professional medical treatment. There
1:16are principles that must be followed at
1:18this time. First, do not panic and
1:22respond quickly with a calm attitude.
1:26Second, while helping the emergency
1:28patient is important, your own safety
1:31must be secured first. Assess the
1:35surroundings to ensure there is no
1:37danger before providing first aid.
1:41Third, in an emergency, call 119 first.
1:46If you call 119, you can receive
1:48guidance on the appropriate treatment
1:51methods. Fourth, do not give the
1:54patient food or drink, including water.
1:59Depending on the condition, surgery may
2:01be necessary. Furthermore, if water or
2:05food is regurgitated and enters the
2:08airway, it can cause greater danger.
2:12Fifth, move the patient to a safe place
2:15. However, do not move the patient if
2:20the spine is damaged or if there is a
2:23risk of causing greater injury by
2:25moving them. Remember these principles
2:30well when performing first aid. Now,
2:35let's first look at trauma. Everyone,
2:40what is trauma? Trauma refers to damage
2:45to the skin, mucous membranes, and
2:47internal tissues caused by various
2:49reasons. When trauma occurs, there is
2:53bleeding and it is easy to get infected
2:56, so proper first aid is required. Then
2:59, what are the types of trauma? First
3:04is an abrasion, which often occurs from
3:07falling. While bleeding from an
3:10abrasion is usually not severe, the
3:12pain is intense and the area is large,
3:14making it prone to infection. If the
3:18area around the wound is dirty, it is
3:20good to wash it with running water and
3:22disinfect it. Second is a laceration,
3:27which is a cut. It is common at school
3:32to get cut by knives or paper.
3:35Depending on the depth, there may be a
3:37lot of bleeding. It is important to
3:40apply pressure to the injured area to
3:42stop the bleeding. Next is a puncture
3:45wound, which is a piercing injury.
3:48These are wounds caused by being
3:50pricked by nails or thumbtacks. In this
3:53case, deep punctures can be dangerous
3:55as they may damage nerves or blood
3:58vessels. If that happens, pulling it
4:02out can be even more dangerous, so
4:04leave it as is, protect the area, and
4:06go to the hospital. Finally, there are
4:10bite wounds, known as lacerations.
4:13These occur when bitten by a person or
4:16an animal. Bacteria naturally exist
4:20inside the mouths of people and animals
4:22. So, if you are bitten, there is a
4:26possibility of infection from those
4:28bacteria. Depending on the state of the
4:32wound, you must seek medical treatment.
4:35Now, shall we look at general first aid
4:39methods for trauma? First, if the wound
4:43is dirty, wash it off under running
4:45water. Next, the important thing is to
4:49stop the bleeding. Apply pressure to
4:52the bleeding area using gauze or a
4:54clean cloth to stop the blood. Avoid
4:58touching or opening the wound with your
5:01hands, as this hinders clotting and
5:04carries a risk of infection. Once the
5:09bleeding has stopped, disinfect the
5:11wounded area. When doing so, disinfect
5:15by moving from the center of the wound
5:18outward. Finally, apply an appropriate
5:22dressing to protect the area. Now,
5:26let's learn more about how to stop
5:29bleeding when a wound occurs through
5:32the video. First, wash dirt or dust
5:37around the wound with clean water or
5:40saline, then press firmly with a clean
5:42towel or cloth to stop bleeding. Do not
5:46remove any blood clots; wrap the wound
5:49with a bandage or gauze and raise it
5:51above heart level. Do not use products
5:55like styptic powders, as they can
5:56interfere with medical treatment at the
5:59hospital. If an adult loses three
6:01towels 'worth of blood, or a child
6:03loses one, it is dangerous and requires
6:05immediate transport to the hospital.
6:09You've seen the methods to stop
6:11bleeding, right? Next, let's learn
6:14about burns. Has anyone here ever
6:18burned their hand while using hot water
6:21, steam, a glue gun, or hair styling
6:24tools? How did you handle a situation
6:28like that? A burn refers to skin damage
6:32caused by hot water, steam, fire,
6:35electricity, or chemical substances. It
6:39happens often in daily life, such as
6:41while handling hot items at home or
6:44during science experiments at school.
6:48Burns are classified into first, second
6:50, and third degrees, depending on the
6:53depth of the injury. A first-degree
6:57burn is a state where only the
6:59outermost layer of the skin, the
7:01epidermis, is damaged. No blisters form
7:04, but the skin turns red and you feel a
7:07throbbing pain. A second-degree burn
7:12means that not only the epidermis but
7:14also the dermis layer beneath it is
7:17damaged. Usually, blisters form and the
7:20pain is intense. A third-degree burn
7:24involves damage to the epidermis,
7:26dermis, and the subcutaneous tissue
7:29underneath. Due to full-thickness skin
7:32damage, there is no pain, and scarring
7:35will occur after treatment. In cases of
7:39third-degree burns, or if first-or
7:41second-degree burns cover a large area,
7:44or if the burn is on the face, hands,
7:46feet, genitals, or joints, or caused by
7:49chemicals or electricity, you must seek
7:52immediate medical attention. Then, what
7:57is the first thing you should do when
7:59you get burned? The best first aid for
8:04burns is to immediately cool the
8:08affected area in cold water for at
8:11least 15 to 20 minutes. Properly
8:15cooling the area can prevent further,
8:18deeper damage. Remove any clothing or
8:22accessories like rings, bracelets, or
8:24watches from the burn area as quickly
8:27as possible. When you get burned, the
8:31skin is damaged and can swell up. It is
8:35important to remove rings or jewelry
8:38before the tissue begins to swell. When
8:42removing clothing, be careful, as
8:45pulling it off roughly can cause skin
8:48damage. If blisters form, do not pop
8:54them to prevent bacterial infection.
8:58Also, do not apply ointments, oils, or
9:01other substances. Cover the burn with
9:04clean gauze and wrap it with a bandage
9:08to protect the area. Let's review the
9:12first aid for burns once more through
9:15this video. What should you do if you
9:25get burned by hot water or a heater?
9:33Burns from fire or hot water are common
9:35accidents that occur at home. However,
9:39if you provide proper first aid
9:41immediately after being burned, you can
9:43minimize the damage. But if the burn is
9:47deep or covers a wide area, call 119
9:50and go to the hospital immediately.
9:58Shall we look at first aid methods you
10:00can use at home? First, when burned by
10:09hot water or a heater, the pain is
10:11severe. In this case, cool the wound
10:15under running cold water for at least
10:1710 minutes. Doing this also stops the
10:21burn from progressing. Second, if you
10:28get burned on a part of your body
10:30covered by clothing, do not try to take
10:32the clothes off; cut them away with
10:34scissors. Trying to remove clothes can
10:38make the wound worse. Third, cover the
10:46burn with sterile gauze or a clean,
10:49lint-free cloth and wrap it loosely
10:51with a bandage. Fourth, for chemical
10:59burns, first rinse the chemical off
11:01thoroughly with water, and if the burn
11:03is on your eyes, neck, or ears, hurry
11:06to the hospital for a doctor's
11:08examination. If the chemical is in
11:12solid form, brush it off with a brush
11:14or similar tool. Rather than providing
11:20first aid after a burn occurs, it is
11:22more important to be careful to avoid
11:23getting burned in the first place.
11:26Still, in case of an accident, be sure
11:29to remember these burn first aid tips.
11:38Lastly, let's learn about
11:40musculoskeletal injuries, such as those
11:43to the arms or legs. What are
11:46musculoskeletal injuries? Have you ever
11:51sprained your wrist or ankle at school?
11:55Such cases are all considered
11:57musculoskeletal injuries. In our daily
12:02lives and school activities, we
12:04sometimes trip, fall, or bump into
12:07things. This impact can damage bones,
12:12joints, muscles, or ligaments, causing
12:15swelling, pain, and difficulty moving.
12:21First, let's look at the types of
12:23musculoskeletal injuries. First is a
12:27contusion. This happens when an
12:31external impact, such as being hit by a
12:34ball, falling on the floor, or bumping
12:36into a friend, damages capillaries
12:39under the skin and causes internal
12:41bleeding. Everyone has had a bruise at
12:45least once, right? When you have a
12:49contusion, it often results in a bruise
12:52where the skin color turns dark blue.
12:56Second is a sprain. A sprain refers to
13:01twisting an ankle, wrist, or finger. It
13:05occurs when the muscles, ligaments, or
13:08tendons around a joint are stretched or
13:11torn. It causes severe pain, and the
13:15injured area may swell. Third is
13:18dislocation. Dislocation means a joint
13:23is shifted out of its proper position.
13:28It can be habitual, but if a
13:30dislocation occurs, you must not try to
13:33force it back into place. It is best to
13:37go to the hospital as it is for
13:39treatment. Fourth is a fracture. A
13:44fracture means a bone is broken or
13:47cracked. Moving a fractured area can
13:53cause further damage. In this case, use
13:57the first aid methods we will learn in
13:59the next chapter before going to the
14:01hospital. When you have a
14:04musculoskeletal injury like a sprain,
14:07dislocation, or fracture, remember to
14:10use the R.I.C.E. method. Using the
14:15R.I.C.E. method for first aid helps
14:17reduce pain, aids recovery, and
14:20minimizes aftereffects. First, R stands
14:26for Rest. Rest means keeping the
14:30injured area still and resting in a
14:32comfortable position. This prevents the
14:36injury from getting worse. Second, I
14:41stands for Ice (cold compress). Apply
14:46ice or a cold pack to the injured area.
14:50Usually, when you suffer a
14:52musculoskeletal injury, the area swells
14:54, and cold compresses are effective in
14:57preventing that. Third, C stands for
15:02Compression. This involves wrapping the
15:06injured area with a splint or bandage
15:08to compress and stabilize it.
15:11Compression reduces pain and prevents
15:14further damage to the injured area.
15:17Fourth, E stands for Elevation. This
15:22means supporting the injured area with
15:24a cushion or pillow to raise it above
15:26the level of your heart. It promotes
15:29circulation back to the heart, which
15:32helps reduce swelling and alleviate
15:34pain. Let’s watch a video on the RICE
15:39method.
15:42According to a survey by the Sports
15:43Safety Foundation, six out of ten
15:45people participating in sports. 57.3%
15:47have experienced an injury within a
15:51year. Major injury sites include the
15:54ankles, knees, calves, head, and hands,
15:56with sprains, pain, abrasions,
15:59contusions, and fractures being the
16:01most common. For sports injuries like
16:04muscle contusions and joint sprains,
16:06the most important thing is applying
16:09the RICE method within 24 hours of the
16:11injury. If you get injured, you must
16:19stop your activity. If you injure your
16:21leg, you should minimize movement using
16:24crutches or by receiving support from
16:26others. If you injure your arm, you
16:28should use a sling to minimize the
16:30movement of the injured arm. In
16:33situations where hypothermia is
16:35expected, it is good to use a thermal
16:36blanket to maintain body temperature.
16:44Cold therapy should be applied
16:46immediately after the injury, which
16:48reduces metabolic activity in the
16:50damaged area. Apply cold compresses for
16:52about 15 minutes every one to two hours
16:55after the injury. It is recommended to
16:58use gel-type or pack-type ice bags. For
17:04compression, using an elastic bandage
17:06is a good method. Proper compression of
17:10the injured area reduces bleeding and
17:12swelling, and it is best done before
17:15and after cold therapy. When wrapping
17:18with an elastic bandage, proper
17:20compression is more important than
17:21wrapping it so tightly that it causes
17:23pain. Also, it is best to wrap from the
17:26area furthest from the heart toward the
17:28heart. Use trauma pads for compression
17:31if bleeding is severe, and use
17:33triangular bandages as the situation
17:36requires. For elevation, it is
17:42important to raise the injured part
17:44higher than heart level, which reduces
17:46pressure and swelling in the area. It
17:50is good to use a pneumatic elevation
17:54device or nearby items like clothes or
17:57bags. The RICE method can reduce
18:01further injury and aid recovery, but it
18:04is not a fundamental treatment. After
18:08applying the RICE method in the later
18:11stages of an injury, please visit a
18:13nearby hospital for a medical
18:15examination. Now, shall we try
18:26emergency first aid for different
18:28situations based on what we've learned?
18:31Here is the first situation. A friend
18:34fell down on the playground while
18:36playing with a ball. Looking at the
18:39friend’s palm, it is covered in dirt
18:42and bleeding. How should we provide
18:45first aid? First, check the condition
18:52of the palm. Since there is dirt on the
18:55hand, have them wash it under running
18:58water first. Then, if the bleeding
19:01continues, you must stop the bleeding.
19:04Once the bleeding has stopped,
19:07disinfect the area and apply an
19:09appropriate bandage. Here is the second
19:12situation. Shin-hyun, who was cooking
19:16ramen because he was hungry, spilled
19:18broth on his arm while wearing a
19:20bracelet and burned himself. How should
19:24one provide first aid in this situation
19:26? First, place the burned area under
19:32cool running water for 10 to 15 minutes
19:34to sufficiently dissipate the heat.
19:37Next, remember that Shin-hyun was
19:40wearing a bracelet. While cooling the
19:44area, quickly remove the bracelet. Once
19:48the heat has sufficiently dissipated,
19:50place gauze over the area and wrap it
19:51with a bandage. If the burn is
19:54extensive or severe, go directly to the
19:58hospital. In the next case, Seul-gi
20:03sprained her ankle while running down
20:05the stairs to get to the gym. Her ankle
20:10has started to swell. What first aid
20:13should be performed? Did you think of
20:19the RICE method for musculoskeletal
20:21first aid? First, ensure the person
20:24rests and keep the injured area from
20:27moving. Then, apply a cold compress to
20:31the injured area to reduce swelling and
20:33pain. Compress and stabilize the
20:37injured area with a bandage, then
20:39elevate it above the heart to reduce
20:42pain. Don't forget that musculoskeletal
20:45injuries require medical attention
20:48after first aid. Today, we learned how
20:52to respond to emergency situations that
20:54can occur in everyday life. Since first
20:59aid is only a temporary measure, you
21:01must receive medical treatment
21:03depending on the situation. Everyone,
21:07you can do first aid well now, right?
21:10Thank you all for your hard work and
21:12participation. Thank you.

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This page contains the full transcript of 중등 및 기타ㅣ(중등) Health 인(人) 원격 보건교육 - 6. 안전과 응급처치(상황별 응급처치) by 서울시교육청TV, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 2,476 words across 387 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

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