Globalization — Transcript

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1. 0:00[Music]
2. 0:03[Applause]
3. 0:07the world is becoming more and more
4. 0:08interconnected never before in human
5. 0:11history has there existed such an
6. 0:12intense relationship between
7. 0:14International Trade communication and
8. 0:16politics the term globalization is all
9. 0:19around us sometimes as an opportunity
10. 0:22sometimes as a new challenge but what
11. 0:24exactly does globalization mean and what
12. 0:26are its
13. 0:28ramifications even though the term
14. 0:30globalization is frequently used it is
15. 0:32not easy to Define one thing is clear in
16. 0:35today's world economic environmental
17. 0:37social and political issues and problems
18. 0:40are no longer limited to the National
19. 0:41level because the world has become so
20. 0:44interdependent reasonable governance can
21. 0:46only be realized within broader groups
22. 0:48of stakeholders for example State
23. 0:50confederations such as the European
24. 0:52Union Regional economic organizations
25. 0:54like the oecd or the whole
26. 0:58world
27. 1:01today modern communication technology
28. 1:03and mass media like radio TV phones or
29. 1:07Internet our global standard this means
30. 1:10that information can be distributed
31. 1:12worldwide in real time at affordable
32. 1:16prices for instance the average price of
33. 1:19a telephone call from New York to London
34. 1:21has decreased by 99% since
35. 1:271930 International TV broadcasters
36. 1:29deliver information opinions and
37. 1:32cultural products to the most remote
38. 1:37areas the cost for transportation of
39. 1:40products and persons dropped by 65%
40. 1:42since 1930 due to low fuel prices and
41. 1:45the development of new means of
42. 1:47transportation in particular container
43. 1:49shipping air freight costs have dropped
44. 1:51even more
45. 1:5588% the freight charges for a ton of
46. 1:57coffee delivered from Asia to Europe
47. 2:00only accounts for 1% of its
48. 2:05price such developments are the result
49. 2:07of technological advancements but there
50. 2:10are some aspects which were introduced
51. 2:11purposefully as well since the 1980s the
52. 2:14Richer more industrialized countries
53. 2:16work toward removing trade barriers such
54. 2:19as tariffs import quotas and bans
55. 2:26worldwide thus new technologies
56. 2:29decreasing Transportation costs and the
57. 2:31liberalization of international trade
58. 2:34has made it possible and profitable for
59. 2:36major companies to produce and sell
60. 2:38worldwide let's take a glance at the
61. 2:41three main areas of
62. 2:43globalization the economic sphere is of
63. 2:45particular importance it is a major
64. 2:48Catalyst for globalization and is at the
65. 2:50same time the most affected Area
66. 2:54International exports have increased 30
67. 2:56fold in the last 60
68. 2:58years
69. 3:03the foreign direct investment of
70. 3:04companies and governments has increased
71. 3:07substantially it's risen from $13
72. 3:09billion per year in 1970 to more than
73. 3:131.8 trillion
74. 3:18today many companies are searching for
75. 3:20new markets and opportunities for cheap
76. 3:22production in countries with low wages
77. 3:25and soft environmental
78. 3:27regulations the number of such
79. 3:28multinational corporations Rose from
80. 3:327,000 to 65,000 since the
81. 3:391990s similar to the world economy
82. 3:42International politics is also more
83. 3:44interdependent today most important
84. 3:47policy issues like climate change the
85. 3:49financial crisis or terrorism do not
86. 3:52care about
87. 3:53borders such problems cannot be solved
88. 3:56by a single state
89. 3:57alone politics tries to react by
90. 4:00attempting to make decisions in broader
91. 4:02groups of countries like the EU the G20
92. 4:05or even the United Nations at the same
93. 4:08time there are more and more
94. 4:10International pressure groups which do
95. 4:12not belong to a particular State these
96. 4:15so-called non-governmental organizations
97. 4:18or NOS are able to exert influence in
98. 4:21politics related to their field of work
99. 4:24examples include Green Peace Amnesty
100. 4:27International or attack
101. 4:30a global public forum evolves through
102. 4:32the previously mentioned new
103. 4:34possibilities of
104. 4:35communication NOS use this in order to
105. 4:38influence
106. 4:43politics International political
107. 4:45problems and the emergence of new Global
108. 4:47actors like Nos and multinational
109. 4:49corporations lead to a decrease of the
110. 4:51political latitude of single States
111. 4:53especially of small
112. 4:58states
113. 5:00the influence of globalization can be
114. 5:02observed in our culture as well one
115. 5:04aspect is often referred to as
116. 5:07mcworld the term describes how Western
117. 5:09culture especially popular culture
118. 5:12becomes dominant and destroys cultural
119. 5:15diversity the global distribution of
120. 5:17western music news products and even the
121. 5:20English language promotes this
122. 5:24effect to counter globalization we can
123. 5:27also see backlash for example people are
124. 5:31increasingly returning to local and
125. 5:33Regional cultural
126. 5:36Customs globalization is a very complex
127. 5:38development some countries benefit more
128. 5:41others benefit less newly industrialized
129. 5:45countries like Taiwan and South Korea as
130. 5:47well as the rapidly developing India
131. 5:49Brazil and China gain considerable
132. 5:52Advantage from their integration into
133. 5:53the world economy they can build up
134. 5:56their factories with foreign direct
135. 5:57investment and infrastructure and sell
136. 6:00their products
137. 6:01internationally due to the low wages in
138. 6:03these countries these products are very
139. 6:05competitive on the World
140. 6:08Market China represents a perfect
141. 6:11example of how the broader population
142. 6:13can benefit too its fast economic growth
143. 6:17has enabled 500 million Chinese to leave
144. 6:19extreme
145. 6:22poverty on the other hand there are
146. 6:24whole regions who are suffering more
147. 6:26than they are benefiting from
148. 6:28globalization this is particularly true
149. 6:30for most subsaharan African countries
150. 6:33such countries are not prepared
151. 6:35sufficiently for tightened International
152. 6:37competition the cheap products produced
153. 6:40by industrial and newly industrialized
154. 6:42countries flood the local markets and
155. 6:43Destroy local productive facilities
156. 6:46moreover these countries are not
157. 6:48attractive for foreign investors thus
158. 6:51they cannot walk the same road as the
159. 6:52newly industrialized
160. 6:56countries globalization is both a threat
161. 6:59and an opportunity for industrialized
162. 7:00countries on the one hand they can
163. 7:03acquire new markets for their industrial
164. 7:04goods on the other hand they're facing
165. 7:07the competition of newly industrialized
166. 7:09countries that can produce at lower
167. 7:12costs specifically the production of
168. 7:14simple Goods is no longer profitable and
169. 7:17very few products like textiles toys or
170. 7:19white goods are still produced in
171. 7:21industrialized
172. 7:27countries it becomes clear the
173. 7:29globalization takes place in many areas
174. 7:32such as politics culture and the economy
175. 7:36declining costs of transport and
176. 7:37communication and the global
177. 7:39liberalization of markets have fueled
178. 7:41this trend while some countries benefit
179. 7:44from globalization it has exacerbated
180. 7:46the problems of others thus
181. 7:49globalization presents both new
182. 7:51opportunities and new
183. 7:58challenges
184. 8:08for