GCSE Biology - Levels of Organisation - Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems (2026/27 exams) — Transcript

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1. 0:05in this video we're going to look at the
2. 0:07different levels of organization within
3. 0:10a multicellular organism like a human
4. 0:13so we'll cover the relationships between
5. 0:15organelles
6. 0:16cells
7. 0:17tissues
8. 0:18organs
9. 0:19organ systems and finally organisms
10. 0:25let's start with organelles which are
11. 0:28also called subcellular structures
12. 0:31these are the parts that make up a cell
13. 0:34like the nucleus
14. 0:35ribosomes and mitochondria
15. 0:38each individual organelle has a specific
16. 0:40role to play
17. 0:42and when combined multiple organelles
18. 0:44will form a single cell
19. 0:47cells themselves come in all sorts of
20. 0:49shapes and sizes
21. 0:51and contain different combinations and
22. 0:53numbers of the organelles that we just
23. 0:55mentioned
24. 0:57we call the different types of cells
25. 0:58specialized cells
26. 1:00and they include things like epithelial
27. 1:02cells
28. 1:04muscle cells and different types of
29. 1:06glandular cells
30. 1:08next up we have tissues
31. 1:11which we can describe as a group of
32. 1:13similar cells
33. 1:14that work together to carry out a
34. 1:16particular function
35. 1:19for example lots of epithelial cells
36. 1:21would form epithelial tissue
37. 1:24which together have the function of
38. 1:25covering the body's surfaces like our
39. 1:27skin or the inside of our intestines
40. 1:31meanwhile a lot of muscle cells would
41. 1:33form muscle tissue
42. 1:35which has the function of contracting
43. 1:37and relaxing to move different parts of
44. 1:39our body
45. 1:41and lots of glandular cells would work
46. 1:43together to form a glandular tissue
47. 1:45which has the role of making and
48. 1:47secreting chemicals like enzymes and
49. 1:49hormones
50. 1:53the next level is the organ and the
51. 1:56definition of an organ is a group of
52. 1:58different tissues that work together to
53. 2:01perform a particular function
54. 2:03so as you can see the definition is
55. 2:05pretty much the same as the one for a
56. 2:07tissue except instead of a group of
57. 2:09similar cells it's a group of different
58. 2:12tissues
59. 2:13so epithelial tissue muscular tissue and
60. 2:16glandular tissue
61. 2:18may all work together to form an organ
62. 2:20like the stomach
63. 2:22which in this case has the particular
64. 2:24function of killing microorganisms and
65. 2:27breaking down proteins
66. 2:30meanwhile different combinations of
67. 2:31tissues might form other organs like the
68. 2:34pancreas or the liver
69. 2:38next we have the organ system
70. 2:40which is just a group of organs that
71. 2:43work together to perform a particular
72. 2:44function
73. 2:46for example the stomach pancreas and
74. 2:48liver taken together with lots of other
75. 2:51organs form the digestive system
76. 2:53which has the role of digesting the food
77. 2:55that we eat and absorbing nutrients
78. 2:59other organ systems include the
79. 3:01cardiovascular system and the
80. 3:03reproductive system
81. 3:06finally you could also think of the
82. 3:08whole organism as being the highest
83. 3:09level with multiple organ systems
84. 3:12working together to form the organism
85. 3:15one last thing i want to add before we
86. 3:16finish is that we've only mentioned a
87. 3:18few examples for each level
88. 3:20in reality there are loads of types of
89. 3:22each
90. 3:23for example other organs include the
91. 3:26skin
92. 3:27teeth lungs spleen bones testes and
93. 3:31dozens more
94. 3:33and there are about 12 different organ
95. 3:35systems
96. 3:36including the immune system nervous
97. 3:38system respiratory system endocrine
98. 3:40system and urinary system
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