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Focus on Some Types of Thinking — Transcript

by ADIP ALEXU · 1,274 words · 340 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:07now
0:09let's shed
0:10light on some of
0:13the aforementioned types of thinking
0:15first let's uh talk about
0:18traditional thinking traditional
0:20thinking
0:22is the kind of thinking that many
0:24philosophers or many thinkers
0:26describe as the most simple form of
0:30thinking and it does not uh
0:32pursue
0:34or it does not seek
0:36improvement of the current situation
0:38that's a
0:39traditional thinking
0:41[Music]
0:42another type of
0:45thinking is
0:47the
0:48emotional thinking
0:50in emotional thinking
0:53a person depends on
0:56emotional feelings and or and or
1:00personal experience to reach a judgment
1:03or to give an opinion or perform an
1:05action
1:07in emotional thinking a person does not
1:09depend on logic it does not depend on a
1:13sound methodology or a logically valid
1:16approach
1:18he or she
1:19only depends
1:22on
1:24emotional feelings
1:26uh and or
1:28uh experience personal experience
1:32okay
1:33that's why emotional thinking uh
1:35is all the time
1:39not accurate
1:41or not uh
1:43well sound okay
1:45uh
1:47when we move to another type like for
1:49example scientific thinking scientific
1:51thinking is a kind of thinking
1:54that
1:55purely depends on
1:58scientific well
2:00defined scientific information will
2:02prove in scientific information to in
2:05order to
2:07give an opinion or perform an action so
2:10scientific thinking
2:11all the time depends on all the time
2:14depends on on or seeks
2:18scientific
2:19scientific information
2:21proven information
2:24well-defined information
2:27another type of thinking which is
2:29analytical thinking analytical thinking
2:33tries
2:34to
2:36tries to break down
2:38uh an issue or a topic or uh ideas into
2:42smaller ones
2:44and at the same time
2:46it does not give or it does not uh
2:51favor one piece
2:53of
2:54an idea
2:55uh over the other
2:57okay it does not
2:59give the opportunity for a superiority
3:02of a smaller idea
3:06over the other
3:07it's fair that we analyze we analyze
3:11ideas
3:12and we break down them into smaller ones
3:15without giving superiority of one of
3:17them
3:18over the other
3:24creative thinking always seeks to see or
3:27view
3:28unfamiliar things
3:31in unfamiliar view or unfamiliar
3:33attitude
3:35and
3:36[Music]
3:37to create ideas
3:39and then
3:41transfer these ideas into a design that
3:46is capable of being used
3:49when it comes to when it comes to
3:51critical thinking critical thinking is a
3:54mentally disciplined process
3:58in which we analyze and we evaluate
4:02information
4:03gathered by observation
4:07in order to
4:09give an opinion or perform an action
4:16in
4:171982
4:19john dewey
4:20who is a very uh
4:23remarkable figure who is very remarkable
4:25figure in the field of education
4:28try to describe the core
4:31of critical thinking by saying
4:36critical thinking
4:37is
4:39a process
4:41in which we slow down
4:43before we reach a judgment
4:47in order to
4:49logically make sure of the information
4:52or the facts
4:58if we want
4:59to differentiate between
5:01critical thinking and creative thinking
5:04we have to put them in comparison
5:09for example first
5:12we can think about or view or see
5:14critical thinking
5:16as
5:17the kind of thinking which it depends on
5:20analytical thinking so critical thinking
5:23depends on analytical thinking
5:26but creative thinking depends on
5:29generative generative thinking
5:33also critical thinking is a kind of
5:35thinking which is
5:36convergent so it's a convergent thinking
5:39critical thinking is convergent thinking
5:41because we focus our thinking skills
5:46on a problem
5:47and we try to figure out the available
5:50solutions and we select
5:53the ideal solution according to specific
5:55conditions for example when you think
5:57about the reasons behind or the reasons
6:01caused a puncture in a car
6:04in a car tire
6:06but when it comes to a creative thinking
6:09it's a divergent thinking
6:12uh
6:13because we
6:14see the problem from different angles
6:17and that's that creates
6:19numerous ideas
6:21for example when you think about the
6:24numerous benefits of an old cartile
6:27that's creative thinking
6:30critical thinking
6:32reaches judgment
6:34but
6:35creative thinking suspends the judgment
6:39critical thinking
6:41depends on reason and logic
6:44but creative thinking
6:46depends on
6:47nobility and richness
6:50so we can describe critical thinking as
6:53a kind of thinking which is
6:55uh
6:56focused
6:58uh vertical
6:59uh
7:00and linear but we can describe creative
7:04thinking as
7:05uh lateral thinking
7:08diffuse and associative thinking
7:12but both of critical thinking and
7:15creative thinking
7:17depend on
7:19high order thinking skills
7:27now before we
7:28study uh critical thinking skills
7:32we have to answer a very quick very
7:34frequent question
7:36which is
7:38is critical thinking correlated with age
7:43does age have an impact on critical
7:45thinking
7:47so you think about if a person who if a
7:50person is uh older he can be
7:54more
7:55uh of a critical thinker
7:58does age correlate with critical
8:00thinking
8:02so a clear answer is no
8:04the clear answer is no
8:09age does not correlate with critical
8:10thinking everybody is capable of
8:14thinking critically
8:16but the thing we are sure of
8:19is that critical thinking skills are not
8:22innate are not innate
8:25they don't come with the person and they
8:28are activated automatically
8:31critical thinking skills should be
8:33learned should be practiced and we
8:36should train ourselves
8:38on how to think critically and how to
8:41practice critical thinking skills so
8:45it's a subject of practicing training
8:50and learning
8:57if you want to know
8:59more about the critical thinking skulls
9:02so
9:03let's give a chance to
9:08to know a lot of uh
9:10researchers opinion about critical
9:12thinking skills
9:14for example
9:15john daniels two researchers
9:18the two researchers john daniels
9:20and anodal
9:22defined the critical thinking skills
9:26as three
9:27skulls first
9:29inductive
9:31thinking skulls inductive thinking
9:33skills second deductive thinking skills
9:37third
9:38evaluative evaluative thinking skills so
9:42inductive so
9:44john daniels and
9:46anodal defined the critical thinking
9:48skills as three skills first
9:52inductive
9:53thinking skills second deductive
9:56thinking skills third evaluative
9:59thinking skills
10:01but according to
10:02uh watson and glacier
10:06the two researchers the two famous
10:08researchers watson and glacier
10:12the critical thinking skills can be
10:14defined as
10:16five critical five
10:18skills five critical thinking skills
10:21first the first skill is predicting
10:25assumptions
10:26predicting assumptions
10:28the second skill
10:30is
10:31inference
10:33inference
10:34inference
10:35the third the skull
10:37is argument evaluation argument
10:40evaluation
10:42the third the fourth skull is
10:44interpretation or interpretation
10:47interpretation
10:50the fifth skill is deductive reasoning
10:53deductive reasoning
10:55so
10:57the two researchers
10:59and glacier
11:02define the critical thinking skills
11:04again as five
11:06thinking skills five thinking skills
11:09that form
11:11the critical thinking skills
11:13the first one the first one
11:17is
11:18predicting assumptions
11:20another one is
11:22interpretation
11:24interpretation the third one
11:26may be it's deductive reasoning
11:30another one is argument evaluation
11:33another one the fifth one is inference
11:37is inference
11:38according to
11:40the researcher peter fashion
11:44peter fashion
11:46uh
11:47he defined
11:49the critical thinking skills as
11:52sex skills sex critical thinking skulls
11:57he said that critical thinking skills
11:59are first
12:01interpretation
12:03another skill is explanation
12:06another skill is
12:08analysis
12:10another skill is evaluation
12:13another skill is
12:16self-regulation
12:18self-regulation
12:20another skill is inference inference so
12:24sex skills
12:26interpretation
12:28explanation analysis
12:30evaluation
12:33self-regulation
12:34and inference
12:38that is the way uh the famous researcher
12:42peter fashion
12:43uh
12:44saw the critical thinking skills
12:47finally
12:49critical thinking skills according to
12:51the famous california standardized tests
12:54of critical thinking
12:57the critical thinking the skulls
12:59can be defined as
13:02being five skulls
13:05again according to california
13:08standardized tests of critical thinking
13:11the critical thinking skills can be
13:13defined as five skulls
13:15the first one is analysis
13:18the second one is evaluation
13:22the third one is
13:24inference
13:25the fourth one
13:26is inductive reasoning
13:29the fifth one is deductive reasoning
13:32again according to california
13:35standardized tests the critical thinking
13:38skills can be defined as five
13:41the first one
13:42is analysis
13:44the second one
13:45is
13:47evaluation
13:48the third one
13:50is
13:51inference
13:52the fourth one is inductive reasoning
13:56the fifth one is
13:58deductive reasoning
14:02that's the end of this chapter
14:05thank you very much

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