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Evan02 1CultureP1COMM1076 — Transcript

by EvanGriffinUCProfCOMM1076 · 1,977 words · 390 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00hey friends welcome back to intro to
0:03interpersonal communication
0:04today we're talking about culture and
0:06interpersonal communication
0:08you want to be in module 2 have the
0:10course packet sheets in front of you
0:12from the pdf
0:13right we're going to dive right in we
0:15have a lot to cover so cultural
0:17anthropologists
0:18especially geared hofstede have
0:20identified several key dimensions of
0:22culture which help
0:23explain why various cultures differ in
0:26the way they approach their
0:27interpersonal dynamics
0:28all right by way of disclaimer hofstede
0:31did his research
0:32being funded by ibm starting in the
0:351970s and forward
0:37because of that much of africa was
0:39ignored because it lacked the
0:41infrastructure and resources necessary
0:44to sustain viable markets for ibm
0:47so a good critical thinking question to
0:49ask when we talk about the individual
0:50countries represented or cultures
0:52represented
0:53if you know your way around a map you're
0:55going to notice wow where's africa
0:57well in most of the early dimensions
0:59that hofstede identified
1:01he wasn't looking at much at africa
1:03because they didn't have the money
1:05and structures in place to support ibm
1:07markets
1:08so that's a good critical thinking to
1:10quit to ask a question
1:12to ask what's missing right so here we
1:15go
1:15the first dimension is called immediacy
1:18orientation
1:19immediacy behaviors communicate warmth
1:22closeness
1:23and approachability high immediacy
1:25cultures are called
1:26contact cultures because they touch each
1:28other more low immediacy cultures
1:30are called non-contact cultures they're
1:32not touching each other very much in
1:34public
1:35all right now for each of the dimensions
1:37we're going to talk about if you look at
1:38page c1
1:40right you'll notice i've given you this
1:42continuum here
1:44and i'm going to talk about the two
1:45extremes all right to give you a clear
1:47contrast of what this dimension is about
1:50but you want to realize that there are
1:52cultures that fall
1:53all along these continua depending upon
1:56the factors that make up the culture
1:58so just know that it's not you're either
2:00this or you're that
2:01they can be sometimes dead center like
2:03the u.s will be for this first dimension
2:05but keep that in mind okay so first
2:09on the left hand side high immediacy or
2:11contact cultures
2:13members of high immediacy cultures tend
2:15to be characterized by things like
2:17close interaction space they're close to
2:20each other
2:20frequent physical
2:35you can see the cultures listed there or
2:37regions of the world
2:38that tend to be more high immediacy at
2:41the other extreme
2:42we have what is called low immediacy or
2:44non-contact cultures
2:46members of these cultures are
2:48characterized by the opposite of
2:50the high immediacy cultures right so
2:52things like distant
2:54interaction space little physical
2:57contact
2:58limited gesturing reserved
3:01facial expressions and moderated
3:04vocalics
3:05right the opposite of these others right
3:08and you can see
3:09cultures again underneath that that have
3:12been identified by
3:13in this case the nonverbal researcher
3:15peter anderson have been identified as
3:18lower immediacy if you know your way
3:20around a map you're going to notice
3:21a number of northern european cultures
3:24and east asian cultures represented
3:26in the low immediacy list okay now
3:29generally
3:30members of the u.s tend to be relatively
3:33moderate
3:34in their immediacy level so if you were
3:36going to put an x
3:38on this continuum to represent where the
3:40u.s falls
3:41it would be dead center give or take
3:43that's we're pretty moderate in our
3:46immediacy level relative to lots of
3:49other cultures there are plenty of
3:50cultures that are higher in immediacy
3:52and plenty of cultures that are lower in
3:54immediacy okay on to the next page c2
3:57now we're going to talk about what is
3:59really the primary
4:00distinguishing dimension of cultures all
4:04right
4:04individualism versus collectivism if you
4:07could only know one thing about a person
4:10this piece of information would probably
4:12tell you the most
4:13other significant things about the way
4:15they approach life the way they view the
4:16world etc
4:17okay let's start with individualistic
4:20cultures
4:21in an individualistic culture an
4:24individual's
4:25freedom and independence are paramount
4:28paramount means top of the mountain most
4:30important all right
4:32members of individualistic cultures tend
4:34to value
4:35individual achievement
4:38hedonism and stimulation hedonism means
4:42it's an approach to life that pursues
4:44pleasure and avoids pain
4:46all right emotional self-expression
4:49and personal choice of behavior these
4:52are high values
4:53in individualistic cultures members of
4:55these cultures are responsible for
4:57themselves
4:58primarily they don't tend to see
4:59themselves as being responsible for the
5:01whole group
5:02i'm responsible for myself if you will
5:04and they'll tend to be more
5:06confrontational
5:07success for individualistic culture
5:09members is a measure of how you surpass
5:12or stand out from those around you other
5:15group members
5:16you can see a list of cultures
5:18represented here that have been found by
5:20hofstede
5:21to be ranked in order most
5:23individualistic
5:24look at the us we are number one in fact
5:27the bottom blank on
5:28c2 on this sheet is this the usa
5:32is the most individualistic culture on
5:35the planet
5:36or country on the planet okay now
5:39collectivist cultures
5:40in collectivist cultures the benefit and
5:43harmony of the group
5:45are most important okay very different
5:47from individualistic cultures
5:49what matters most is the benefit and
5:51harmony of the group
5:53all right members tend to value things
5:56like
5:56benevolence meaning caring for members
5:58of your in group
6:00your most collectivist culture members
6:02in group
6:03is their extended family it could also
6:05be your work group and certain other
6:07but without a question the most
6:10significant
6:10in group is your extended family all
6:13right
6:14they value benevolence tradition
6:17and conformity in-group cohesiveness
6:21is super important right restrained
6:24display of emotion
6:26especially negative emotion why if you
6:28express negative emotion
6:29it undermines the undermines the harmony
6:31of the group it undermines
6:33in-group cohesiveness these are
6:35important things to a collectivist
6:37culture member right members of
6:40collectivist cultures
6:41see themselves as being responsible for
6:43the entire group
6:45right and they'll also be less
6:47confrontational
6:48again if you're confrontational and
6:50you're in group you're undermining
6:52cohesiveness and harmony
6:54success is a measure of your
6:56contribution
6:57to the achievements of the group as a
6:59whole similarity
7:01to other group members is valued as
7:03opposed to how do you surpass or stand
7:05out from
7:06set yourself apart no similarity is more
7:09valued
7:09again you can see that the cultures the
7:12countries identified as being
7:14most collectivist and if you again you
7:16know your way around the map you'll see
7:17a number of latin american and asian
7:20cultures represented
7:21in that list as opposed to the
7:23individualistic cultures list
7:25has a lot of northern and western
7:27european influence
7:29okay all right let's move on to the next
7:32one as i already said
7:33the usa pegs the needle in terms of
7:36individualism so they're on that
7:38end of that continuum line okay
7:41c3 the third dimension of culture we're
7:45going to talk about in this session
7:47high context versus low context cultures
7:51in low context cultures the verbal
7:54message is king
7:56in high context cultures nonverbal
7:59relational
8:00cues are more important first low
8:03context cultures
8:04in low context cultures primary emphasis
8:07is placed on explicit meaning naked
8:11obvious blatant explicit
8:14verbal explanations such as written
8:17contracts
8:18which must be specific and clearly
8:20elaborated
8:21you better cover everything all right
8:25relational and non-verbal cues are of
8:27lesser importance
8:28to a low context culture member right
8:31members of these cultures generally
8:33value
8:34talking as a default in social context
8:36and they're uncomfortable with extended
8:38silence while among others
8:41they tend to value direct accurate
8:44and efficient verbal message exchange
8:47right they tend to be more likely to
8:49criticize disagree or argue
8:52in public and they can miss a lot of the
8:55nonverbal or relational cues
8:57while focusing on the verbals remember
8:59the verbal message is king
9:01for low context culture members again
9:05specific examples of this would be
9:07courts of law
9:09right or formal systems such as computer
9:12languages
9:13right you type out somebody's email
9:15address and you mess up
9:16the spelling of the punctuation it's
9:18going somewhere but it's not going to
9:20your friend
9:20it bounces back to you if nothing else
9:22right
9:24if you get an itunes update or some kind
9:26of software update
9:28right you have to agree to 600 pages of
9:31screen
9:32legalese this document before you can
9:34click okay give me the update
9:36why why because it's an ex it's a
9:39low context verbally explicit
9:43message environment you better account
9:45for everything verbally
9:46don't leave anything out right so those
9:49would be examples of
9:51low context right you can see the
9:52countries represented there the u.s is
9:54in that list
9:55okay on the other side of the spectrum
9:57we have
9:59high context cultures in high context
10:02cultures the primary focus
10:04is on implicit cues surrounding
10:08the verbal message such as who said
10:11it and how was it said or how it was
10:13said
10:14right in other words on relational and
10:16nonverbal cues the verbal message for
10:19high context culture members
10:20is secondary okay members of high
10:23context cultures tend to value
10:26uh or tend to place greater value on
10:28silence
10:29and perceive excessive talking
10:31negatively think about how different
10:32that is than low context culture members
10:35they'll take more time to make decisions
10:37and perform transactions typically
10:39than low context members will they'll
10:42utilize a more
10:43indirect verbal style
10:46and they highly value face saving which
10:49means avoiding one's own and another's
10:53public possible embarrassment that's a
10:55terrible
10:56social offense for high context culture
10:58members all right
11:01you can as you can imagine then public
11:03criticism disagreement and arguments
11:06are avoided have to be avoided now good
11:08illustration of
11:10high context culture environments would
11:13be personal relationships
11:15with lots of history right so if you and
11:17a friend
11:18grew up going to kings island and you've
11:20been there a hundred times together and
11:22you've accumulated all these funny
11:24stories
11:25of things that happened while at kings
11:27island you could be standing with a
11:28group of
11:29acquaintances and one of the other
11:31people mentions kings island and all you
11:34have to do is just glance over and make
11:36eye contact
11:37with your friend you don't say anything
11:39you just glance over and you're both
11:41you start laughing right because there's
11:44you have all this shared history of
11:47experiences related to kings island
11:49you don't have to say hey do you
11:51remember when and do you remember
11:53do you remember you have to do that it's
11:55like wireless bluetooth
11:57all this data transfer and you look at
11:59each other
12:01that's all it takes right it's a high
12:03context environment
12:05right so you can see cultures
12:08represented here
12:09that are especially high context
12:12right and now here's a key connector
12:15between the previous dimension we talked
12:17about and this one
12:19individualistic cultures we're now at
12:21the bottom by the way of c3
12:23individualistic cultures tend to be low
12:26context
12:27in their orientation those tend to
12:29parallel each other
12:30if a culture is low context it's
12:32probably individualistic
12:34if it's high context it's collectivists
12:36more than likely
12:37right so while collectivist cultures as
12:39i just said tend to be high context
12:42in their orientation all right now
12:45since the us is the most individualistic
12:47culture on the planet
12:49it should be no surprise that it's also
12:51relatively speaking extremely
12:53low context in its orientation all right
12:57these parallel each other again just one
13:00of the reasons why if you
13:01know where someone lands on
13:03individualism versus collectivism on
13:05that dimension
13:06you're probably going to be tuned into a
13:08number of other key
13:09dynamics about them and how they
13:11approach life okay
13:13all right friends you've survived this
13:14first installment
13:17i'm going to stop here and we'll pick up
13:19and continue on we have a number of
13:21dimensions to cover
13:22sorry and you're welcome you're great oh
13:25i'm sorry
13:26i love you all get out

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