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ENSA Module 14 Network Automation — Transcript

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0:03[Music]
0:18hi
0:19hello there welcome to network
0:21automation
0:24have you ever set up your home network
0:27or a small network
0:30imagine doing those tasks for tens of
0:33thousands of enterprises
0:35and thousands of routers switches and
0:37access points
0:40did you know that there is a software
0:42that automates those tasks for an
0:44enterprise network
0:46in fact there is a software that can
0:48automate
0:49the design of an enterprise network
0:52it can automate all of the monitoring
0:55operations and maintenance for your
0:57network
0:58interested let's get started
1:03so let's start with an automation
1:05overview
1:10we now see automation everywhere from
1:13self-serve checkout at stores and
1:16automatic building environmental
1:18controls
1:19to autonomous cars and planes so how
1:22many automated systems
1:24do you encounter in a single day
1:27there is an increase in automation
1:31so automation is any process that is
1:34self-driven
1:35that reduces and potentially eliminates
1:38the need for human intervention so
1:41automation was once confined
1:43to the manufacturing industry highly
1:46repetitive tasks
1:48such as automobile assembly
1:52so we're turned over to machines and the
1:55modern
1:56assembly line was born so machines
2:00excel at the
2:03repeating same tasks without fatigue
2:06and without the errors that human are
2:09prone to make
2:10in such jobs so these are some of the
2:14benefits
2:14of automation okay
2:18so machines can work 24 hours a day
2:20without breaks
2:22which results in a greater output
2:26machines provide a more uniform product
2:30automation allows the collection of vast
2:32amounts of data
2:34that can be quickly analyzed to provide
2:37information
2:38which can help guide an event or a
2:41process
2:43so robots are used in dangerous
2:45conditions such as mining
2:47firefighting and cleaning up industrial
2:50accidents
2:52this reduces the risk to humans
2:56and the last one is under certain
2:58circumstances
2:59smart devices can alter their behavior
3:02to reduce energy usage
3:05make a medical diagnosis and improve
3:08automobile driving safety
3:17next would be thinking devices have you
3:20heard about it
3:21well can devices think
3:24can they learn from their environment
3:27in this context there are many
3:30definitions
3:31of the word think one possible
3:35definition is the ability to connect
3:37a series of related pieces of
3:38information together
3:41and then use them to alter the course of
3:44action
3:46so many devices now incorporate smart
3:48technology
3:49to help them govern the behavior
3:53this can be as simple as smart appliance
3:56lowering its power consumption
3:58during periods of peak demand or as
4:01complex as
4:02self-driving car so whenever a device
4:06takes a course of action based on an
4:08outside piece of information
4:11then that device can refer to as a smart
4:14device
4:16many devices that we interact with now
4:19have the word smart in their names okay
4:22so this indicates that the device has
4:24the ability to alter its behavior
4:27depending on the environment so in order
4:30for these devices to think
4:32they need to be programmed using network
4:34automation tools
4:47okay so the concepts of
4:50data formats okay so smart devices
4:54are in fact tiny computers
4:58so for smart device such as an actuator
5:02to react to changing conditions it must
5:04be able to receive an interpret
5:06information
5:07sent to it by another smart devices such
5:10as
5:11sensor these two smart devices
5:14must share a common language which is
5:17called the data format
5:19shared data formats are also used by
5:22other devices in the network
5:25so the data format concept when sharing
5:28data with people
5:30the possibilities of how to display that
5:32information
5:33are almost endless for example
5:36think of how a restaurant might format
5:39their menu
5:42it could be in text only a bulleted list
5:46a photos with captions or just a photos
5:50right so these are all different ways
5:53in which a restaurant can format the
5:56data
5:57that makes up their menu so a
5:59well-designed form
6:01is dictated by what makes the
6:04information the easiest
6:05for the intended audience to understand
6:08this same principle applies to shared
6:11data
6:11between computers a computer must put
6:15the data
6:16into a format that another computer can
6:19understand
6:20so data formats are simply a way to
6:22store and exchange data
6:24in a structured format one such format
6:28is called hypertext markup language
6:31or the html right
6:35so html is a standard markup language
6:38for describing the structure of web
6:40pages as shown here in the figure
6:42so basically if you are given this html
6:45tags
6:46okay so the output of this html tag
6:49is given on the right side okay
6:52so if you will observe we have here the
6:54code and this is the output in the forms
6:58all right
7:02okay so there are some common data
7:05formats
7:05that are used in many applications
7:08including network automation and
7:10programmability
7:11so this includes this
7:14languages javascript object notation
7:18are popularly known as the json
7:21extensible markup language
7:22or xml and you've got the yaml
7:27which ain't a markup language right yaml
7:31in markup language right
7:34so the data format that is selected will
7:37depend on the format that is used by the
7:39application
7:40tool or script that you are using
7:45so many systems will be able to support
7:47more than one data format
7:49which allows the user to choose their
7:52preferred one
7:58let's talk about data format rules now
8:01so data format
8:02have rules and structures similar to
8:04that we have
8:05with programming and written languages
8:08so each data format will have a specific
8:11characteristics
8:12okay so first there is a syntax
8:16which includes the types of brackets
8:18used such as
8:20the symbol here okay open and close
8:22bracket
8:23you've got parentheses and you've got
8:25braces
8:27so the use of white space or indention
8:30codes commas and more is part of a
8:33syntax
8:36next how objects are represented such as
8:39characters
8:40strings lists and arrays
8:44how key or value appears are represented
8:47the key is usually on the left side and
8:50it identifies or describes the data
8:53the data on the right side is the data
8:56itself
8:57and can be a character string number
9:01list or another type of data
9:05so search the internet for open notify
9:09iss location now to find a website
9:12that tracks the current location of the
9:14international space
9:16station at this website
9:19you see how data formats are used and
9:22some of the
9:23similar or similarities between them
9:27so this website includes a link for a
9:29simple application programming interface
9:31or api
9:33call to a server which returns the
9:35current latitude and longitude
9:37of the space station along with the unix
9:40timestamp
9:42so the following example shows the
9:44information returned by the server
9:46using a javascript object notation
9:50or json the information is displayed in
9:53a raw format
9:54this can make it difficult to understand
9:56the structure of the data
10:00all right so next is you search the
10:04internet
10:05to find the json view a browser
10:08extension or any extension that will
10:10allow you to view
10:11json in more readable format
10:14so data objects are displayed in key or
10:16value of pairs
10:18the following output shows the same
10:20output using json view
10:23so the key value appears which
10:26are much easier to interpret in the
10:28example below
10:30you can see the latitude and its value
10:32at 25.99990
10:35okay so note that json view may remove
10:38the quotation marks
10:40from the kiko quotation marks are
10:42required
10:43when coding json key or value pairs
10:47shown here json format okay
10:52so to see this same formatted as xaml
10:55and yaml
10:56search the internet for json conversion
10:58tool
11:00so at this point it is not important to
11:03understand the details of each data
11:05format
11:06but notice how its data format make use
11:09of syntax
11:11and how the qr value pairs are
11:14represented
11:16right so we have here three different
11:20formats
11:21which gives the same output
11:28okay so how about the json data format
11:32so json is a human readable data format
11:35used by application for storing
11:37transferring and reading data
11:40json is a very popular format used by
11:43web services and apis
11:45to provide public data this is because
11:48it is
11:49easy to parse and can be used with most
11:52modern programming languages
11:54including python
11:59okay so the following output shows an
12:01example
12:02of the partial ios output from the show
12:05interface
12:06giga ethernet 0 0 0 command on
12:10a router okay
12:13now this same information can be
12:16represented in json format
12:18so notice that each object each
12:21key value pair is different piece of
12:24data about interface including each name
12:26a description and whether the interface
12:30is enabled
12:37okay so next is the json syntax rules
12:40so there are some of the characteristics
12:42of json
12:43okay so it is hierarchical structure and
12:47contains nested values
12:50it uses a braces to hold objects and
12:53square brackets
12:54to hold an array and its
12:57data is written as key or value pairs
13:02so in json the data known as an object
13:06is one or more key value appears in
13:09closing braces
13:10the syntax for json objects includes
13:13keys
13:14must be strings within a double
13:16quotation marks
13:17okay so values must be a valid json data
13:21format
13:22like a string type number type
13:25array boolean null
13:29or another object keys and values are
13:33separated by a column
13:35so multiple key or value pairs within an
13:38object are separated by commas
13:40so white space is not significant
13:46okay so at times a key may contain
13:50more than one value this is known as an
13:52array
13:53okay so an array in json is an
13:57ordered list of values characteristics
14:00of an array in json includes
14:02the key followed by a colon and a list
14:05of values enclosed in square brackets
14:08so the array is an ordered list of
14:10values
14:12the array can contain multiple values
14:15including a string
14:17number boolean object or another array
14:20inside the array
14:22so each value in the array is separated
14:25by
14:26a comma so for example
14:31a list of ip addresses might look like
14:34the following output
14:36so the key is address so each
14:40item in the list is separated by
14:44abrasives or curly braces
14:47right so the array of the objects in the
14:50list is also separated by a comma
14:53following the enclosing or the closing
14:54bracket for each of the
14:57okay so you've got the ip here
15:01comma and then followed by the nut mask
15:04or the network mask
15:09okay so next is yaml
15:12okay so yaml or yaml is another type of
15:16human readable data format
15:17used by applications for storing
15:19transferring
15:20and reading data some of the
15:22characteristics of yaml
15:24includes the following so it is like
15:28json and is considered a super set of
15:30json
15:32it has a minimalist format making it
15:34easy
15:35to both read and write
15:38it uses intention to define each
15:41structure
15:42without the use of brackets and commas
15:46okay so for example look at this json
15:50output
15:50for a gigabit ethernet 2 interface
15:54okay so this one is a json 4 gigabit
15:58ethernet 2 okay
16:01now the same output in the ml format
16:04is easier to read similar to json so a
16:08yaml object
16:09is one or more key value pairs
16:13so each value pairs are separated by a
16:16column
16:16without the use of a quotation mark so
16:19in yaml
16:20a hypen is used to separate each element
16:23in the list
16:25so this is shown in our decision for the
16:28three
16:28ipv4 addresses in the following output
16:32okay so you've got the yaml for gigabit
16:36ethernet 2 on this representation here
16:41okay so they have the same output but
16:43different data representation
16:46so one is in json and the other one is
16:51in yaml
16:56okay so how about the xml or the saml
16:58data format
17:00xaml is one type of human readable data
17:03format
17:03used to store transfer
17:07read data by applications some of the
17:10characteristics of
17:12xaml includes the following so it is
17:15like an html
17:17okay so which is the standardized markup
17:20language for creating web pages
17:22and web applications it is
17:26self-descriptive
17:27okay so it encloses data within a
17:30related set of tags
17:33and unlike html xaml uses no predefined
17:37tags or document structure
17:39so xaml objects are one or more key
17:42value pairs
17:44with the beginning tag used as the name
17:48of the key okay so key value
17:51and then the ending tag key
17:59so the following output shows the same
18:01data for gigabit ethernet 2
18:03formatted as a sample data structure
18:06this is the same
18:06output presented earlier so notice how
18:10the data are enclosed
18:11within the object tags in this example
18:14okay so each key value pair
18:18is on a separate line and some lines are
18:21indented okay
18:24so this is not required but it's done
18:27for readability
18:29the list uses a repeated instances
18:32of tag okay you've got the starting tag
18:36and the ending tag
18:37for each element in the list the
18:40elements within this
18:41repeated instances represent one or more
18:44key value pairs
18:47so try to evaluate and compare
18:50the saml output for gigabit ethernet
18:542.
18:57all right
19:01okay so the next section is the apis
19:04so maybe you often heard the word api so
19:07what is this for
19:09okay so let's talk about the api concept
19:13data formats shared between smart
19:15devices
19:16often use an application programming
19:19interface or api
19:21so as you will learn in this topic an
19:24api is a software
19:25that allows other applications to access
19:27its data
19:29or services so api
19:32is found almost everywhere okay
19:35so amazon web services or aws
19:38facebook and home automation devices
19:41such as thermostats
19:43refrigerators and wireless lighting
19:46systems
19:47all use and apis they are also used in
19:51building programmable network automation
19:54so an api is a software that allows
19:58other applications to access its data or
20:00services
20:01it is a set of rules describing how one
20:04application
20:06can interact with another and the intra
20:09the instructions to allow the
20:11interaction to occur
20:14the user sends an api requests to the
20:16server
20:17asking for specific information and
20:20receives an api response
20:22in return from the server along with the
20:25requested information
20:27okay so an api is similar to a waiter in
20:30a restaurant
20:31as shown in the following diagram here a
20:34customer in a restaurant
20:36would like to have some food delivered
20:38on the table
20:40okay so therefore the customer will be
20:42doing a request
20:44right so the food is in the kitchen
20:47where it is cooked and prepared so the
20:50waiter
20:51is the messenger similar to an api
20:55so the waiter or the api in this example
20:58or in this diagram
20:59is the person who takes the customer's
21:01order or request
21:03and tells the kitchen what to do
21:06right so i start off the mediator gave
21:09it to the user and the application now
21:11in this example between the customer and
21:14the kitchen are food service or the
21:16kitchen or food a chef
21:18right next
21:22so when the food is ready the waiter
21:25will
21:26then deliver the food that is not the
21:28response
21:29back to the customer okay so
21:32previously you saw an api request the
21:35server
21:36which returned the current latitude and
21:38longitude of the international space
21:41station
21:42so this was an api that open notifies
21:45provides to access data from our browser
21:48at the national aeronautics and space
21:51administration or nasa
21:58okay so to really understand how apis
22:00can be used to provide data and services
22:03we will look on the two options
22:07for booking airline reservations right
22:10so the first option uses the website
22:14for specific airline
22:17okay now using the airline's website
22:21the user enters the information to make
22:24a reservation requests
22:26the website interacts with the
22:30user directly with the airline's owns
22:33database
22:34and provides the user with information
22:36matching the user's
22:38request okay
22:44now instead of using an individual
22:46airline website
22:47which has a direct access to its own
22:50information
22:51there is a second option users can use a
22:54travel site
22:55to access the same information not only
22:58from the specific airline
23:00but a variety of airlines in this case
23:03the user enters in similar reservation
23:06information
23:08the travel service website interacts
23:10with the various airline databases using
23:12apis
23:14provided by each airline now the travel
23:18service
23:18uses each airline api to request
23:22information from the specific airline
23:24and then
23:25it displays the information from all the
23:28airlines
23:29on its web page as shown in the diagram
23:32here
23:33okay so we have several airlines
23:35connected to this
23:37travel service okay so the api
23:41acts as a kind of messenger between the
23:43requesting application
23:45and the application of the server that
23:47provides data
23:48or service the message from the
23:51requesting application to the server
23:54where the data resides is known as
23:57an api call all right
24:00so this is an api calls here
24:07okay so an important consideration when
24:10considering or when developing an api
24:13is the distinction between open internal
24:17and partner apis okay
24:20so when you say open apis or public apis
24:24these apis are publicly available
24:27and can be used with no restrictions
24:31the international space station api is
24:34an example of a public api
24:37because this apis are public many api
24:40providers such as google maps
24:42okay so require the user to get free key
24:46or token prior to using the api
24:49so this is to help control
24:53the number of apis requests they receive
24:55and process
24:57so search the internet for a list of
24:59public apis
25:01okay so the next one is internal or
25:05private apis
25:06so these are apis that are used by an
25:09organization or company to access data
25:12and services for internal use only so an
25:15example
25:15of an internal api is the following or
25:18is allowing authorized
25:19salesperson access to internal sales
25:22data on their mobile devices
25:26and the last one is partner apis so
25:29these are apis that are used between a
25:31company
25:32and its business partners or contractors
25:35to facilitate business
25:36between them the business partners
25:41must have a license or other form of
25:44permission
25:45to use the api so a travel service using
25:48an airlines api is
25:50an example of a partners api
25:53all right
25:57okay so there are several types of web
26:00service apis
26:02okay so a web service api is a service
26:05that is available over the internet
26:08using the worldwide web
26:11so there are four types of web service
26:13api so these are the
26:14simple object access protocol or soap
26:17okay
26:18soap is a messaging protocol
26:22for exchanging saml structure
26:24information
26:25most often over the http
26:28or smtp okay so
26:31also you've got the rest all right or
26:34the representational state
26:36transfer next is the saml rpc
26:40or the extensible markup language remote
26:42procedure call
26:43and the javascript object notation or
26:46the json
26:47rpc or the remote procedure call
26:51okay so
26:54soap is designed by microsoft in 1998
26:58so soap apis are considered slow
27:01to parse complex and rigid
27:04so this leads to the development of a
27:07simpler rest api framework
27:10which does not require a saml so rest
27:13uses http ls verbose
27:18and is easier to use than soap
27:22so rest offers or refers to a style
27:25of software architecture and has become
27:29popular due to its performance
27:32scalability
27:33simplicity and reliability
27:36so rest is the most widely used web
27:39service api
27:41accounting for over 80 percent of all
27:44the api types
27:45used so rest will be further discussed
27:48in this module
27:50so rpc or the remote procedure calls is
27:53when one system requests
27:54that another system executes some code
27:57and returns the information
27:59so this is done without having to
28:01understand the details of the network
28:04so this works much like rest api
28:07but there are differences dealing with
28:09formatting and flexibility
28:12so the xaml rpc is a protocol developed
28:14prior to soap
28:16the later evolved into what become
28:19a soap json rpc is
28:23very simple protocol and similar to xaml
28:25rpc
28:28right
28:32okay so let's discuss details on rest
28:36okay so you've got pressed and restful
28:40api so web browsers uses
28:44http or https to request
28:47using the get okay a web page
28:50if successfully requested http status
28:53code 200
28:55web servers responds to get requests
28:58with an html coded web page so simply
29:02stated
29:02a rest api is an api that works on top
29:07of the http protocol
29:10it defines a set of functions developers
29:13can use to perform requests and receive
29:16responses
29:17via http protocol such as get or post
29:20okay now conforming to the constraints
29:23of the rest architecture
29:25it is generally referred to as being
29:27restful
29:28an api can be considered press full if
29:31it has the following features
29:33okay so there is a client server
29:36the client handles the front end and the
29:39server
29:40handles the backend either can be
29:42replaced independently
29:45of the other next it should be stateless
29:49no client data is stored on the server
29:51between requests
29:53the session state is stored on the
29:55client
29:56right and it should be cachable so
29:59clients can cache
30:01responses to improve performance
30:06okay so web browsers use https
30:10okay to request or get data
30:14from a web page as shown in this diagram
30:16here
30:17okay so rest is an architectural style
30:21for designing web service application
30:24okay so it refers the style of web
30:27architecture that has many underlying
30:30characteristics
30:31and governs the behavior of the clients
30:34and servers
30:35so simply stated a rest api is an api
30:39that works on top of the http protocol
30:42right so it defines a set of functions
30:45developers can use to perform requests
30:48and receive responses via
30:50http right such as get and post protocol
30:54similar to that of html
30:56or which is being used also in html
31:02now conforming to the constraints of the
31:04rest architecture
31:05is generally referred to as being
31:07restful an api can be considered
31:10restful if it has the following features
31:12as stated earlier
31:18now let's talk about the restful
31:20implementation
31:21so a restful web service is implemented
31:24using http
31:26it is a collection of resources with
31:28four defined aspects
31:30so the base uniform research identifier
31:34or uri
31:35for the web service such as http
31:37example.com
31:39resources the data format supported by
31:42the web service
31:43this is often a json yaml or
31:46saml but could be any other data format
31:50that is valid hypertech standard
31:53the setup operation supported by the web
31:55service using http
31:57methods and the api must be
32:01hypertext driven so restful apis use
32:05common http methods
32:07including post get put patch and
32:10delete as shown in the following table
32:14this corresponds to restful operations
32:17create
32:17read update and delete or crude
32:21okay so again this is the http
32:23comparison
32:25with the restful operation
32:31now in the figure the http request asks
32:34for json format data
32:37so if the request is successfully
32:38constructed according to the api
32:40documentation
32:41the server will respond with json data
32:44this json data can be used by a client's
32:48web application to display the data for
32:50example
32:51a smartphone mapping app shows the
32:53location of the san jose california
32:56okay so that would be shown
33:03okay so how about the uri urn and
33:07url okay so web resources
33:11and web services such as restful apis
33:14are defined using the uri okay
33:17a uri is a string of characters
33:20that identify specific network resource
33:24okay so it has two
33:27specializations right so first
33:30is the urn
33:35urn or the uniform resource name
33:38identifies only the namespace
33:40of the resource web page document
33:43image etc without a reference to the
33:46protocol
33:48the next one is the uniform resource
33:50locator or the url
33:52it defines the network location of a
33:55specific resource
33:56on the network so http or https urls
34:01are typically used with web browsers
34:05other protocols such as ftp sftp
34:09ssh and others can use a url
34:13a url using sftp might look like
34:18this format okay so sftp
34:21you've got columns sftp
34:25that example.com
34:29all right
34:33next these are the parts of the uri as
34:36shown in the figure
34:38you've got the protocol scheme https or
34:41other protocols such as ftp
34:43sftp mail 2 and nntp
34:48you've got the host name which is
34:51the example.com here all right
34:55you've got the path and the file name
34:57which includes the author
34:59okay slash author slash book.html
35:05and you've got the fragments hashtag
35:08page155
35:10okay so these are the parts of the uri
35:18now in a restful web service a request
35:21made
35:22to a resource uri will elicit a response
35:26the response will be a payload typically
35:29formatted in json
35:31but could be html xml
35:34or some other format now the figure here
35:37shows the uri okay
35:40for the map quest directions api
35:43so the api request is for directions
35:46from san jose california
35:48to montreal in california
35:52so this is how it looked like that from
35:55san jose california
35:58and to montre california
36:07now these are the different parts of the
36:09api request
36:11okay so you've got the api server
36:15this is the url for the server that
36:17answers
36:18rest requests in this example it is the
36:21map quest
36:22api server
36:26next is the resources resources
36:29specifies the api that is being
36:31requested
36:32in this example it is the mapquest
36:34directions api
36:37you also have query specifies the data
36:40format information the client is
36:42requesting
36:43from the api service so queries can
36:46include
36:47format right so this is usually json
36:51but can be yaml or summer so in this
36:54example
36:55json is requested you also have
36:58key the key is for authorization
37:01if required mapquest requires a key
37:05for their directions api in the above
37:08uri
37:09you would need to replace the key with
37:12the valid key to submit a valid request
37:15okay and then the last one is the
37:18parameters
37:19parameters are used to send information
37:21pertaining to the
37:22request in this example the query
37:25parameters include information about the
37:27directions
37:30so that the api needs so it knows the
37:32direction
37:33to return that is from san jose ca
37:38okay that is from san jose ca
37:42and to montre ca
37:48right
37:50now many restful apis including public
37:53apis requires a key
37:55the key is used to identify the source
37:57of the request
37:59so here are some of the reasons why an
38:01api provider
38:02may require a key okay so first
38:06to authenticate the source to make sure
38:08they are authorized to use the api
38:11second is to limit the number of people
38:14using the api
38:16next to limit the number of requests per
38:19user
38:20and to better capture and track data
38:22using the requested by
38:24requested by the browser or users okay
38:27and to gather information
38:30on the people using the api so
38:34note that if you wish to use the
38:36mapquest api
38:37the api does not require a key search
38:40the internet for the url
38:42to obtain the map quest key so use the
38:45search parameters developer.mapquest
38:50you can also search the internet for the
38:52current url
38:53that outlines the mapquest privacy
38:58policy
39:01okay so how about restful api
39:04applications
39:05so many websites and applications use
39:08api
39:09to access information and provide
39:10service to their customers
39:13for example when using a travel service
39:15website
39:17the travel service uses the api of
39:19various airlines
39:21to provide the user with airline hotel
39:24and other information okay
39:27so some restful api requests
39:31can be made by typing in the url
39:34from within the web browser so the map
39:37quest
39:38directions api is an example of this
39:41so a restful api request can also be
39:44made
39:45it in other ways right so we have
39:47several ways of
39:49doing it
39:55okay so developers website
39:59developers often maintain websites
40:03that include information about the api
40:06parameter information
40:07and usage examples okay so
40:10this sites may also allow the user to
40:13perform the api request
40:15within the developer web page or by
40:18answering in the parameters
40:22and other information so the following
40:24figure here
40:25shows an example of the mapquest
40:27directions
40:28api webpage okay
40:31so it's a mapquest developer site
40:37next is the postman okay so postman is
40:40an application for testing and using the
40:42rest apis
40:44it is available as browser app or
40:46standalone install
40:48so it contains everything required for
40:52constructing and sending rest api
40:54requests
40:55including entering query parameters and
40:57keys
40:58postman allows you to connect or to
41:01collect
41:01and save frequently used api calls in
41:04history
41:06or as query parameters and keys
41:09so postman allows you to collect and
41:12save frequently used api calls in
41:14history
41:15okay or ask collections postman
41:19is an excellent tool for learning how to
41:22construct api requests
41:24and for analyzing the data that is
41:26returned from the api
41:28so the following figure here shows an
41:30example of using the mapquest api with
41:33postman
41:38okay next is the programming language
41:40python
41:42so apis can also be used within a python
41:45program
41:46so this allows for possible automation
41:49customization
41:51and app integration of the api so the
41:54following figure here shows an example
41:56of part of python program
41:57used to submit a request to the mapquest
42:00api
42:05right
42:09and the last one is the network
42:11operating systems
42:12so using protocols such as netconf
42:15or net configuration and restconf
42:19okay rest configuration the network
42:22operating systems
42:24are beginning to provide an alternative
42:26method for configuration
42:28monitoring and management for example
42:33the following output might be the
42:35opening response
42:36from a router after the user has
42:39established a net conf
42:40session at the command line however
42:44working on or working at the command
42:48line
42:48is not automating the network instead
42:51a network administrator can use python
42:54scripts
42:55or other automation tools like the cisco
42:57dna center
42:58to program up to programmatically
43:02interact with the router
43:10okay so next would be the configuration
43:13management tools
43:16so as mentioned in the introduction of
43:18this module
43:19setting up a network can be very time
43:21consuming configuration management tools
43:24can help you to automate the
43:25configuration of routers
43:27switches firewalls and many other
43:30aspects
43:30of your network so the traditional
43:33network configuration
43:35network devices such as router switches
43:37and firewalls
43:38have traditionally between configured
43:41or been configured by a network
43:43administrator using cli
43:45that's what we do at the lab right so
43:49whenever there is a change of
43:52a feature or a new feature okay
43:55so the necessary configuration commands
43:57must be manually entered
43:59on all the appropriate devices so in
44:02many cases
44:03this is not only time consuming but
44:06can also be prone to errors so this
44:10becomes a major
44:11issue on a larger networks with
44:14more complex configurations right
44:18so traditionally we are using cli to
44:20configure these devices
44:22okay
44:25next the simple network management
44:28protocol or snmp
44:29this was developed to allow
44:31administrators to manage nodes
44:33such as servers workstations router
44:35switches and security appliances
44:37on an ip network so using a network
44:40management station or nms
44:42okay as shown in the following figure
44:44here
44:45right so snmp enables network
44:49administrator
44:50to monitor and manage network
44:51performance find and solve network
44:54problems
44:55and perform queries for statistics
44:58so snmp works reasonably well for device
45:01monitoring however
45:03it is not typically used for
45:04configuration due to security concerns
45:07and difficulty in implementation
45:09although snmp is widely available
45:12it cannot serve as an automation tool
45:15for today's network
45:17so you can also use apis to automate the
45:19development
45:21and deployment and management of network
45:24resources
45:25so instead of the network administrators
45:27manually configuring ports access lists
45:29quality of service or qos and load
45:31balancing policies
45:33they can use tools to automate
45:35configurations
45:36so these tools look into a network apis
45:40to automate the routine network
45:42provisioning tasks
45:44enabling the administrator to select and
45:46deploy network services they need
45:50so this can significantly reduce many
45:53repetitive
45:54and mutant tasks to free up time
45:57for network administrators to work on
46:00more important things
46:05okay so with network automation
46:09we are rapidly moving away from the
46:11world where network administrators or
46:14systems administrator manages a few
46:16dozen network devices
46:19to one where they are deploying and
46:22managing hundreds or thousands or even
46:24tens of thousands of complex network
46:26devices both
46:28physical and virtual with the help of
46:30software
46:31this transformation is quickly spreading
46:34from its beginning
46:36in the data center okay to all the
46:39places in the network
46:41so there are new and different methods
46:44for network operators to automatically
46:47monitor
46:48manage and configure the network
46:52so as shown in the figure okay so this
46:55includes
46:56product calls and technologies such as
46:58rest ansible
46:59puppet chef python json
47:03saml and more
47:10so configuration management tools like
47:12the restful api
47:14requests to automate tasks and can scale
47:17across
47:18thousands of devices so configuration
47:20management tools
47:21maintain the characteristics of a system
47:24or
47:25network for consistency there are some
47:28characteristics
47:29of the network that administrators
47:31benefit from automating
47:33so these are the software and version
47:35control
47:37device attributes such as names
47:38addressing and security
47:41you've got protocol configurations and
47:43the acl
47:45configurations so configuration
47:47management tools typically include
47:49automation and orchestration
47:52so automation is where a tool
47:53automatically performs a task
47:55on a system this might be
47:58configuring an interface or deploying a
48:02vlan
48:03so orchestration is the process of how
48:06all these
48:06automated activities need to happen
48:10such as the order in which
48:13they must be done what must be completed
48:17before another task has begun okay
48:20so orchestration is the arranging
48:24of the automated tasks that results
48:27in a coordinate process or workflow
48:30okay so you have that two important uh
48:33term here
48:34right you've got orchestration and
48:37automation okay
48:41so as mentioned earlier so there are
48:43several tools available to make the
48:45configuration management easier
48:47so you've got this ansible puppet labs
48:51chef and the salt stock okay
48:54so the goal of these tools is to reduce
48:57the complexity
48:58and time involved in configuring and
49:01maintaining a large-scale network
49:02infrastructure
49:04with hundreds or even thousands of
49:06devices
49:08okay so these same tools can benefit
49:10smaller networks as well
49:16now comparing ansible chef paper consult
49:19stock
49:21okay so ansible chef puppet and soul
49:24stock all come with api documentations
49:27for configuring restful apis requests
49:30so all of them can support json and yaml
49:34as well as other data formats so the
49:37following table shows a summary
49:39of the comparison of major
49:40characteristics of ansible
49:42paper chef and solsta configuration
49:45management tool
49:46okay so characteristics so what
49:50programming language
49:52so ansible salt stock are both
49:55bolt on python okay whereas puppet and
49:59chef
49:59are built on ruby okay
50:04so similar to python ruby is an open
50:07source programming language
50:08that is cross-platform however ruby is
50:12typically considered
50:13a more difficult language to learn than
50:15python
50:16okay next is the agent based
50:20or agentless so configuration management
50:24is either agent-based or agent-less
50:28so agent-based configuration management
50:30is pull-based
50:31meaning the agent on the managed
50:35device periodically connects to the
50:37master
50:39for each configuration information so
50:42changes are done on the master and
50:45pulled down
50:46and executed by the device so agentless
50:49configuration management is
50:51push based a configuration script is run
50:54on the master the master connects to the
50:58device and executes the tasks
51:00in the script so of the four
51:03configuration tools in the table
51:05only ansible is agentless
51:10all right next
51:14how are devices managed so this
51:17lies with a device called master input
51:20chef and solves that however because
51:24ansible is agentless any computer can be
51:27a controller
51:29alright and the last one is what is
51:32created by
51:34the tool so network administrators use
51:37configuration management tools
51:39to create a set of instructions to be
51:41executed
51:42so each tool has its own name
51:46for this instruction so playbook
51:48cookbook
51:49manifest and pillar so common to each of
51:52this
51:53is the specification of policy or
51:56configuration that is to be
51:58applied to devices so each
52:01device might have its own policy
52:04for example all linux servers might
52:08get the same basic configuration and
52:11security policy
52:17okay now let's talk about the ibm the
52:21cisco dna center
52:23so you have learned okay of the many
52:26tools and software that can help
52:28you automate your network the intent
52:31based networking or ibn
52:34and the cisco digital network
52:35architecture or dna center
52:37can help you bring it all together to
52:40create an automated network
52:43okay so ibn or
52:46intent based networking is the emerging
52:49industry model
52:51for the next generation of networking so
52:54ibn
52:54builds a software defined networking or
52:57sdn
52:58transforming a hardware-centric and
53:00manual approach to designing
53:02and operating networks to one that is
53:05software-centric
53:06and fully automated so business
53:09objectives
53:10for the network are expressed as intent
53:14all right so ibn captures business
53:16intent
53:17and uses analytics okay machine learning
53:22and automation to align the network
53:23continuously and dynamically
53:26as business needs change so ibn captures
53:30and translates
53:31business intent into network policies
53:35that can automate and apply consistently
53:37across the network
53:43okay so cisco views ibn
53:46as having three essential functions
53:49you've got translation
53:50okay activation and assurance
53:53so this function interact with the
53:55underlying physical and virtual
53:57infrastructure as shown in the figure
54:00okay so translation
54:03when say translation the translation
54:06function enables the network
54:08administrator to express the expected
54:10networking behavior
54:12that will best support the business
54:14intent
54:17so next is activation activation the
54:20captured intent that needs to be
54:22interpreted
54:22into policies that can be applied across
54:26the network
54:27the activation function installs these
54:29policies into a physical and virtual
54:31network infrastructure
54:33using the network-wide automation
54:37next is assurance in order to
54:39continuously check
54:41that the express intent is honored by
54:44the network at any point
54:46in time so the assurance function
54:48maintains a continuous validation and
54:51verification
54:52loop
54:55okay so how about network infrastructure
54:58as a fabric
55:00okay so from the perspective of the ibn
55:05the physical and virtual network
55:06infrastructure is a fabric
55:09fabric is a term used to describe an
55:12overlay
55:13that represents the logical topology
55:14used to virtually connect
55:16the devices as shown in the figure here
55:20okay so the red broken lines
55:24represents an overlay control plane okay
55:28so the overlay limits the number of
55:30devices the network administrator must
55:32program it also provides services
55:35and alternative forwarding methods
55:39not controlled by the underlying
55:40physical devices for example
55:43the overlay is where the encapsulation
55:45protocols like ip
55:47okay or ipsec okay and control
55:50and provisioning of wireless access
55:52points cap wap occur
55:55so using an ipn solution the network
55:58administrator can specify
56:00true policies exactly what happens in
56:02the overlay control plane
56:04so notice that how the switches are
56:07physically connected
56:08is not a concern of the overlay
56:12okay
56:15now the underlying network is the
56:17physical topology that includes all the
56:19hardware required to meet the business
56:21objectives
56:22the underlay reveals additional devices
56:25and specifies how these devices are
56:28connected
56:29so as shown in the figure okay
56:33so end points such as servers in the
56:35figure
56:36access the network through a layer 2
56:38devices
56:40the underlay control plane is
56:41responsible for simple forwarding tasks
56:44okay so when you say underlay network
56:47that is still the traditional networks
56:49that we have
56:51all right
56:56next is the cisco digital network
56:57architecture
56:59or the cisco dna now cisco implemented
57:02the ibn fabric using the cisco dna
57:05okay the business intent is securely
57:08deployed
57:08into a network infrastructure or they
57:11call it the fabric
57:12the cisco dna then continuously gathers
57:15data
57:16from a multitude of sources devices and
57:19applications
57:20to provide a rich content of information
57:23this information can be or can then be
57:26analyzed
57:27to make sure that the network is
57:29performing securely
57:30at each optimal level and in accordance
57:33with the business intent
57:35or objective and network policies
57:41okay now the cisco dna is a system that
57:44is constantly learning
57:46adapting to support the business intent
57:48on the business needs
57:50now the table lists some of the cisco
57:52data products and solutions
57:55okay so this sd access and sd1
58:01is a topic on fabric technologies on
58:04ccnp
58:06right and it's very promising
58:09okay so you also have this
58:13cisco dna assurance and cisco dna
58:15security
58:16now these solutions are not mutually
58:18exclusive for example
58:20all four solutions could be deployed by
58:22an organization
58:25many of the solutions are implemented
58:27using the cisco dna center
58:29which provides a software dashboard for
58:31managing
58:32an enterprise network
58:36okay so the cisco dna center is a
58:39foundational controller
58:41and analytics platform at the heart of
58:43the cisco dna
58:45it supports the expression of intent
58:48for multiple use cases including basic
58:51automation capabilities
58:53fabric provisioning and public based
58:56segmentation
58:58in the enterprise network so cisco dna
59:01center
59:01is a network management and command
59:03center for provisioning
59:05and configuring network devices it is a
59:08hardware
59:09and software platform providing a single
59:11pane of glass
59:12or single interface that focuses on
59:15assurance
59:16analytics and automation the dna center
59:19interface
59:20launch page gives you an overall health
59:23okay or the summary and network snap
59:26snapshot as shown in the figure so from
59:29here
59:30the network administrator can quickly
59:32drill down into areas of
59:34interests
59:37okay so at the top menus provides you
59:40access to dna centers
59:41five main areas as shown in the figure
59:44so these are the design
59:46policy provision assurance and platform
59:50so design model your entire network so
59:53from sites and buildings to devices and
59:55links
59:56both physical and virtual across campus
59:59branch
1:00:00one and cloud for policy use
1:00:03policies to automate and simplify
1:00:04network management
1:00:06reducing cost and risks while speeding
1:00:08rollout
1:00:10on new and enhanced services
1:00:13provisioning
1:00:14is providing service to users with ease
1:00:16speed
1:00:17and security across the enterprise
1:00:19network regardless of the network size
1:00:21and complexity
1:00:23assurance pertains to use of proactive
1:00:26monitoring and insights from the network
1:00:28devices and applications to predict
1:00:30problems
1:00:32faster and ensure that the policy and
1:00:34configuration changes
1:00:36achieve the business intent and the user
1:00:39experience you want
1:00:41and the last one is the platform use
1:00:43apis to integrate
1:00:45with your preferred id systems to create
1:00:47end-to-end solutions
1:00:49and add support for multi-vendor
1:00:51services
1:00:53alright so we come to an end of this
1:00:56video lecture and we have presented
1:00:59a brand new networking all right
1:01:02so in the future everything will be in
1:01:05the software defined networking
1:01:07okay and we will be using this fabric
1:01:09technologies
1:01:11okay and intelligently controlling
1:01:14and configuring or monitoring the
1:01:17network infrastructure
1:01:19okay so that ends up this video
1:01:22presentation
1:01:24have a great day thank you for watching

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