English - The globe: Shakespeare's Theatre (B1-B2) — Transcript

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1. 0:03let's visit the Globe Theatre in London
2. 0:06The Globe Theatre which you can see here
3. 0:09and visit today is in fact the third
4. 0:12Globe Theatre the first Globe Theatre
5. 0:15was built in about fifteen ninety-eight
6. 0:17and it opened for its first production
7. 0:19in 1599 it was one of four important
8. 0:25theaters in this area the other three
9. 0:27were the Hope the Swan and the Rose the
10. 0:31original globe was not built precisely
11. 0:34on the same spot as the modern-day globe
12. 0:36at that time the River Thames was wider
13. 0:39and the yard would have been in the
14. 0:41river the original site is close by just
15. 0:47200 yards away the foundations of the
16. 0:51globe were rediscovered in 1989 and the
17. 0:54site is marked by a plaque hopefully one
18. 0:58day they will be properly excavated to
19. 1:00reveal more of their secrets theaters
20. 1:04were generally built on the south bank
21. 1:06rather than on the north bank of the
22. 1:08River Thames in the times of Elizabeth
23. 1:12the First Bank side as the area was
24. 1:15known was the place Londoners would come
25. 1:17for entertainment the bear gardens where
26. 1:21bear or bull baiting took place were
27. 1:23very popular even with the Queen herself
28. 1:27theater-going was a favorite pastime of
29. 1:30all classes and walks of life the public
30. 1:34would travel over the river to the
31. 1:35theaters on little ferry boats if they
32. 1:38could afford it or by walking over the
33. 1:41London Bridge the only bridge across the
34. 1:43river at that time theaters would
35. 1:49advertise the fact that they were going
36. 1:51to put on a performance by raising a
37. 1:53flag over the theatre which could be
38. 1:56seen from the north bank so the first
39. 1:59row was open for performances in 1599
40. 2:02and it would host some of Shakespeare's
41. 2:04greatest works over the next 10 years
42. 2:07it saw the death of Queen Elizabeth and
43. 2:10the accession to the throne of James the
44. 2:12first the first robe burnt down in 1613
45. 2:17in a dramatic accident a cannon which
46. 2:20was fired to create special effects
47. 2:22during a performance of Henry the
48. 2:24eighth's Shakespeare's last play set
49. 2:27fire to the roof of thatch and the whole
50. 2:30theater burnt down the second globe was
51. 2:33built on the same site just one year
52. 2:35later in 1614 it survived until 1642
53. 2:40when the Puritans closed down all
54. 2:42theatres as well as all other forms of
55. 2:44entertainment
56. 2:45the Puritans knocked down the theater
57. 2:48completely in 1644 and built tenements
58. 2:51on the site this third globe is a
59. 2:57faithful reproduction of the original as
60. 2:59faithful as possible given the
61. 3:01relatively small amount of information
62. 3:03available it was thanks to the
63. 3:06determination and the vision of an
64. 3:07American Sam Wanamaker that construction
65. 3:11began in 1993 it was officially opened
66. 3:15by Queen Elizabeth the second in 1997 as
67. 3:21you can see the center of the circular
68. 3:22shaped theater is open to the sky
69. 3:25lighting for the performances was in
70. 3:27fact provided by the sunlight so a
71. 3:30performance would begin in the middle of
72. 3:32the afternoon and finished before dark
73. 3:34so that the audience could get home
74. 3:36safely there were no performances during
75. 3:39Lent or during outbreaks of the plague
76. 3:43the roof of this reproduction is in
77. 3:45Norfolk read thatch like the original
78. 3:49and it is the first that's roof in
79. 3:51London since the Great Fire of 1666 the
80. 3:55walls are built of Lincolnshire oak
81. 3:57timbers and plaster made of sand lime
82. 4:00and goat hair
83. 4:03the layout of the interior has been
84. 4:05determined by using the only picture of
85. 4:07the interior of an Elizabethan theatre
86. 4:09which has come down to us the sketch was
87. 4:13made by a Dutch traveler Johannes Davitt
88. 4:15and copied by his friend
89. 4:17Harvin van buco and it is of the Swan
90. 4:20theatre the globe is a circular 20 sided
91. 4:29shape the open air is called the pit or
92. 4:32the yard and it is for members of the
93. 4:35audience who are standing The
94. 4:37Groundlings the yard was the cheapest
95. 4:39place to watch a play and it cost a
96. 4:42penny about a thousand people would be
97. 4:44Groundlings around the yard are the
98. 4:48galleries which are more protected from
99. 4:50the elements the galleries held two to
100. 4:53three thousand people who paid two or
101. 4:56more pennies to sit the most expensive
102. 4:59areas in the galleries were those
103. 5:01closest to the stage from which the
104. 5:04performance could be best heard play
105. 5:06goers in shakespeare's times would say
106. 5:08I'm going to hear a play and not I'm
107. 5:12going to see a play showing how
108. 5:14important the script was from here that
109. 5:17could also be best seen by the rest of
110. 5:19the audience showing off their finery
111. 5:22the new globe sits 900 people in the
112. 5:25galleries and houses 700 in the Pitt
113. 5:29actors were all men and boys and they
114. 5:32played both male and female roles
115. 5:34costumes were elaborate and specially
116. 5:36made the stage projects halfway into the
117. 5:41pit so the audience would stand on three
118. 5:43sides of it some would even sit on the
119. 5:46edge of the stage itself the roof of the
120. 5:49stage is supported by two Herculean
121. 5:51pillars made of single tree trunks and
122. 5:54painted to represent marble in the style
123. 5:56of Greek or Roman buildings the roof of
124. 6:00the stage is called the heavens and it
125. 6:03is from here that gods would descend to
126. 6:05the stage lowered through a trapdoor on
127. 6:08ropes the roof air is hollow for special
128. 6:12effects the heavens are painted with
129. 6:14images of the
130. 6:16the moon and the signs of the zodiac
131. 6:20behind the pillars is the fronds Shinae
132. 6:23or stage wall this wall contains the
133. 6:27doors through which the actors would
134. 6:29make their entrances the doors lead to
135. 6:32the tiring house the place where actors
136. 6:35would change their attire in modern day
137. 6:37turns the dressing rooms the stage
138. 6:40itself is made of wood and has a
139. 6:42trapdoor to allow for special effects
140. 6:44such as the grave of the gravediggers in
141. 6:47Hamlet the stages raised five feet off
142. 6:51the ground above the stage there is a
143. 6:54balcony which was mainly used for the
144. 6:56musicians music and songs were an
145. 6:59important element in plays at the time
146. 7:02but could also serve as the balcony and
147. 7:05Romeo and Juliet for example
148. 7:08The Globe Theatre are part of English
149. 7:11history and a fascinating point of
150. 7:12interest in contemporary London