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Employee Password Security Awareness Training 2026 — Transcript

by DPO Solutions (Paul Rogers Security) · 9,028 words · 1,467 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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  1. 0:01Hello and welcome to another security
  2. 0:03awareness video. This time on everything
  3. 0:06to do with passwords and authentication.
  4. 0:08My name is Paul Rogers and I'm a cyber
  5. 0:10security pro with 30 years experience as
  6. 0:13an engineer and security governance
  7. 0:15expert and content creator for this
  8. 0:17channel. In this video, I hope to answer
  9. 0:20the most common questions you've been
  10. 0:21asking on the internet about passwords,
  11. 0:24such as what makes a good one? What are
  12. 0:27the different password attacks that are
  13. 0:28causing breaches? How to store
  14. 0:30passwords? What does MFA or multiffactor
  15. 0:33authentication do? And what is the best
  16. 0:36way to secure my phone? So, the video is
  17. 0:39broken into several chapters which means
  18. 0:41that you can jump to any particular area
  19. 0:43of interest to you or view the whole
  20. 0:45video to raise your general awareness of
  21. 0:47password technology. So, whatever suits
  22. 0:50your needs. So feel free to share this
  23. 0:52video with others that you think may
  24. 0:54benefit from this training such as
  25. 0:56colleagues and friends and also consider
  26. 0:58liking and subscribing to the channel to
  27. 1:00stay a breast of new security content
  28. 1:03notifications if you find it useful. I
  29. 1:06also encourage you to drop a comment on
  30. 1:08areas you'd like to see more videos on
  31. 1:10such as password cracking methods,
  32. 1:13hacking groups behind the biggest hacks,
  33. 1:15biggest breaches and how they happened
  34. 1:17or a breakdown of the cyber security
  35. 1:20jobs market. just let me know with a
  36. 1:22comment. So, let's get on with the
  37. 1:24presentation.
  38. 1:30This video is split up into four main
  39. 1:32sections designed to give you a view of
  40. 1:34each branch of password technology.
  41. 1:37In the first section on passwords, we
  42. 1:39cover the origins of passwords, the
  43. 1:42threats hackers pose to password
  44. 1:44security, the dos and don'ts of password
  45. 1:46selection, password attack types, and
  46. 1:50password technology variants, including
  47. 1:52passcodes, passphrases, and pass keys.
  48. 1:55In the section second section, we cover
  49. 1:57how to manage and store passwords
  50. 1:59securely with password managers and how
  51. 2:02we also do a comparison of five leading
  52. 2:05password manager products which you may
  53. 2:07find useful. Then in the third section,
  54. 2:10we focus on multiffac factor
  55. 2:12authentication and how it works along
  56. 2:14with its weaknesses. We also compare
  57. 2:16five leading MFA providers to help you
  58. 2:19choose one if you're in the market for
  59. 2:20one. And then finally, we look at mobile
  60. 2:23device security and which login methods
  61. 2:26work best for securing sensitive data.
  62. 2:29So pay attention to the chapters in the
  63. 2:30video timeline. And if you want to jump
  64. 2:32ahead at any time, you can do that. And
  65. 2:35of course, if you have any questions
  66. 2:36about any area, drop a comment below.
  67. 2:48Did you know the passwords first
  68. 2:50appeared in the 2n century BC or as they
  69. 2:53were referred to back then as
  70. 2:55watchwords. Back then the Roman military
  71. 2:58used these watchwords to identify f
  72. 3:00friend friend from foe with soldiers
  73. 3:02often receiving the day's password on a
  74. 3:04wooden tablet from a superior officer.
  75. 3:08This system was used for both military
  76. 3:09patrols and for securing campouts for
  77. 3:12hundreds of years and were most valuable
  78. 3:14on patrol night watches outside city
  79. 3:17gates where soldiers could recognize
  80. 3:19their comrades in the dark.
  81. 3:21Fast forward to World War I and two
  82. 3:24where we see another military
  83. 3:25application of pass passwords as code
  84. 3:27words and coded messages to exchange
  85. 3:30exchange military operational
  86. 3:32information between units and command
  87. 3:34nodes. Back then, Native Americans from
  88. 3:37at least 11 different tribes were
  89. 3:39employed by the US Army to use their
  90. 3:42native languages as a secure method of
  91. 3:44communication.
  92. 3:46Code talkers, as they were nicknamed,
  93. 3:48transmitted messages over military
  94. 3:50telephone or radio communication nets
  95. 3:53using formally or informally developed
  96. 3:55codes built upon their indigenous Native
  97. 3:57American languages. Their code was
  98. 4:00credited with some decisive victories
  99. 4:02and was never broken unlike the German
  100. 4:04Enigma machine.
  101. 4:07Later on in the 1960s, passwords
  102. 4:09formally evolved into the modern digital
  103. 4:12era in 1961 at MIT University.
  104. 4:16That's when professor Fernando Kbajo
  105. 4:18created passwords on a compatible time
  106. 4:21sharing system CTSS to allow multiple
  107. 4:25users to have private individual access
  108. 4:27to files on a shared mainframe computer.
  109. 4:31Then just over a decade later in 1973
  110. 4:34we see passwords created on the first
  111. 4:36internet system known as Arpanet by a
  112. 4:39British computer scientist called Peter
  113. 4:41Kerstein. Kerstein was in incidentally
  114. 4:45famous for co-creating the TCP protocol
  115. 4:48with Vint Surf and Bob KHN which was
  116. 4:51kind of important to the midm modern
  117. 4:52digital age to say the least.
  118. 4:55Since 1973 there was a host of
  119. 4:57developments around passwords including
  120. 4:59hashing hashing one-time passwords and
  121. 5:02cryptography developments. Then in 2017,
  122. 5:06Apple made a big leap forward from
  123. 5:09password only technology with the advent
  124. 5:11of facial recognition on mobile mobile
  125. 5:14devices, namely the iPhone X. This
  126. 5:17perhaps heralded the age of password
  127. 5:20passwordless login that we see today.
  128. 5:24Uh by the way, Gloria Exorcitis, um
  129. 5:27which you see here on the slide means
  130. 5:29glory of glory to the army. It's a
  131. 5:32saying that was often used between
  132. 5:34soldiers and appeared on Roman coins
  133. 5:36around 330 AD.
  134. 5:42Let's start here with a quick question
  135. 5:44to test your knowledge on passwords.
  136. 5:46It's okay if you don't know on the first
  137. 5:48guess, but by the end of this section, I
  138. 5:50hope you'll understand why the correct
  139. 5:52answer is C.
  140. 6:04In 2025, it's safe to say that most
  141. 6:06systems which use only passwords of
  142. 6:08average strength are no match for a
  143. 6:11determined hacker using password
  144. 6:13cracking tools and a good graphics
  145. 6:15graphics card or one of the many
  146. 6:17cloud-based cracking services like
  147. 6:19Crackstation and Go Crack. The truth is
  148. 6:22that modern password cracking tools
  149. 6:24enabled by AI powered smart guessing
  150. 6:26algorithms have made fast work of
  151. 6:29learning human behavior and how we
  152. 6:31create passwords.
  153. 6:33These algorithms work by calculating the
  154. 6:35frequency of various character
  155. 6:37combinations across millions of sample
  156. 6:39passwords ranging first from ranging
  157. 6:43first from the most common combinations
  158. 6:45and down to the rarest ones.
  159. 6:48According to the cyber security firm
  160. 6:50Kaperski,
  161. 6:51we rarely choose truly random passwords
  162. 6:55and our attempts at generating them pale
  163. 6:57in comparison to machines. We rely on
  164. 7:00common phrases, dates, names, street
  165. 7:03addresses, and patterns. Prei precisely
  166. 7:06what smart cracking algorithms are
  167. 7:08designed to exploit.
  168. 7:10Moreover, the human brain is such that
  169. 7:13if you ask a sample of folks to pick a
  170. 7:15number between 1 and 100, most will
  171. 7:18choose the same numbers. The YouTube
  172. 7:20channel Veritasium surf surveyed more
  173. 7:23than 200,000 people and found that the
  174. 7:27most popular numbers chosen to be 7, 37,
  175. 7:3142, 69, 73, and 77.
  176. 7:35So to further compound the problem with
  177. 7:37passwords, users tend to reuse the same
  178. 7:40passwords out of convenience across
  179. 7:42multiple applications and websites.
  180. 7:45Of course, hackers realize this as a
  181. 7:47common behavior and capitalize on it
  182. 7:49when cracking in to any account linked
  183. 7:51to you. Of course, cracking passwords is
  184. 7:55only one part of the problem, as there
  185. 7:57are other threats like social
  186. 7:59engineering, which we'll cover shortly.
  187. 8:04What you see here on the screen is some
  188. 8:07of the hacking methods a major crime uh
  189. 8:10group called Scattered Spider uses to
  190. 8:12hack businesses around the globe today.
  191. 8:16Scattered Spider is ranked as one of the
  192. 8:18most dangerous and active cyber crime
  193. 8:20gangs in the world at the moment and is
  194. 8:23linked to more than 100 targeted attacks
  195. 8:25across industries such as telecoms,
  196. 8:28finance, retail, and gaming. They've
  197. 8:30been linked to some high-profile
  198. 8:32ransomware attacks on Caesar's Palace
  199. 8:34and MGM resorts in Las Vegas and Markx
  200. 8:37and Spencer Hars Jaguar Land Rover and
  201. 8:41the Co-op in the UK. The group is one of
  202. 8:45a number of cyber gangs which are
  203. 8:46considered new age and comprised of
  204. 8:49mostly English-speaking teenage
  205. 8:51attackers. What's notable about this
  206. 8:53crime group is that they use more
  207. 8:55sophisticated attacks and a wider
  208. 8:57variety of tools than others.
  209. 9:00The gang relies heavily on social
  210. 9:02engineering t attacks, weak passwords,
  211. 9:05fake web domains, and SIM swapping
  212. 9:08techniques to bypass security controls
  213. 9:11and inject ransomware into
  214. 9:12organizations.
  215. 9:14Some known techniques they have used
  216. 9:16include posing as employees to gain
  217. 9:18access to computer rooms,
  218. 9:20using fake credentials gleaned from a
  219. 9:22LinkedIn profile, and other methods
  220. 9:25include duping employees to share their
  221. 9:27credentials over the phone by posing as
  222. 9:30tech support professionals and using
  223. 9:32fishing mails, fishing emails which were
  224. 9:34opened, which allowed employees with
  225. 9:36weak system passwords to be hacked on
  226. 9:38the network.
  227. 9:40The last issue of weak passwords is
  228. 9:42probably the most preventable one and is
  229. 9:44the one we're going to address in this
  230. 9:46presentation while showing you the
  231. 9:48options available to combat growing
  232. 9:50threats.
  233. 9:55In this slide, we're going to address
  234. 9:57the common question of what makes a
  235. 9:59strong password, i.e. the dos and
  236. 10:02don'ts.
  237. 10:03So on the column on the left, we're
  238. 10:05looking at the most current bad password
  239. 10:07practices based on research by security
  240. 10:10firms uh like NordPass.
  241. 10:12They advise that users should not use
  242. 10:15password, pass, secret, admin, login or
  243. 10:19any term that relates to a password or
  244. 10:21default login name like admin or
  245. 10:23administrator.
  246. 10:25The same goes for colloquial password
  247. 10:27terms like let me in, open sesame,
  248. 10:30welcome and others.
  249. 10:33Next, avoid number number alphabet or
  250. 10:37keyboard sequences like ABC D 1 2 3 4 1
  251. 10:41one one or querty anywhere in the
  252. 10:44password. So pass 1 2 3 4 or secret one
  253. 10:48one one would be examples of this. Then
  254. 10:52the advice not to use names, birthdays,
  255. 10:56years or place names. This is because
  256. 10:58password hacking tools will start with
  257. 11:00lists of this type of information in an
  258. 11:03effort to guess your password.
  259. 11:06Then the advice tells us not to use any
  260. 11:08animal names, story book type
  261. 11:10characters, sports team names or pop
  262. 11:13group or idol names in the password as
  263. 11:16again password cracking tools and
  264. 11:18hackers will use this information first
  265. 11:21in various types of attack attacks which
  266. 11:23we'll cover in the next slide.
  267. 11:25So then moving over to the do's column
  268. 11:27to the right, we see some password
  269. 11:29quality recommendations from uh
  270. 11:31government agencies like NIST and uh
  271. 11:34from Microsoft.
  272. 11:36So to answer a common question, how long
  273. 11:38should a password be? Well, the advice
  274. 11:41here is that the password should not be
  275. 11:43less than 16 characters. This used to be
  276. 11:4612, but is not considered strong enough
  277. 11:48anymore. The complexity of the password
  278. 11:51is key. So, passwords with a combination
  279. 11:54of upper case and lowercase characters
  280. 11:57with numbers and symbols makes them
  281. 11:58difficult to crack even with automated
  282. 12:00cracking tools.
  283. 12:02The next piece of advice is to answer
  284. 12:04the question, is it safe to reuse
  285. 12:07passwords? And of course, uh the answer
  286. 12:09to that is no. It's not safe to reuse
  287. 12:12the same or similar passwords on your
  288. 12:14accounts. This goes for all your work
  289. 12:16and personal accounts, plus any Wi-Fi
  290. 12:19passwords, email accounts, and anything
  291. 12:21else. Using the same password on your
  292. 12:23accounts makes the job easier for
  293. 12:25hackers if they breach just one of your
  294. 12:28accounts.
  295. 12:29Microsoft advises not to use any uh
  296. 12:32words found in the dictionary, people's
  297. 12:35names, character names, product names,
  298. 12:37or organization names as they are all
  299. 12:40likely to be included in password lists
  300. 12:42which hackers use.
  301. 12:45I know at this point that this can seem
  302. 12:47a bit overwhelming to remember when
  303. 12:49creating uh your password, which is why
  304. 12:51there are certain techniques that make
  305. 12:53things easier, such as using passphrases
  306. 12:56and password generation tools, which
  307. 12:59we'll discuss in upcoming slides.
  308. 13:02I would highly recommend investing in a
  309. 13:04password manager, which most of all
  310. 13:07includes a which most importantly
  311. 13:10includes password generator
  312. 13:11functionality.
  313. 13:13Uh the security company Nordpass stated
  314. 13:15that in 2024 the average person has 168
  315. 13:20personal passwords and 87 business
  316. 13:23passwords totaling a whopping 255
  317. 13:27accounts on average. You can see how
  318. 13:30problems could arise trying to manually
  319. 13:32set and update unique passwords for all
  320. 13:34of these. It's worth mentioning here
  321. 13:37that this list of dos and don'ts is not
  322. 13:40exhaustive. There are many other
  323. 13:42important considerations particularly in
  324. 13:44corporate environments when it comes to
  325. 13:46work work passwords such as password
  326. 13:48rotation, lockout and history policies
  327. 13:51in Windows and Unix environments. But
  328. 13:54you can subscribe to this channel to get
  329. 13:55notified on upcoming corporate best
  330. 13:58practice training for these uh type of
  331. 14:01advice or drop your contact email in the
  332. 14:04description so you get notified of any
  333. 14:06uh videos relating to this.
  334. 14:14So, before I cover the most common
  335. 14:16password attack methods, if I could ask
  336. 14:18you to consider subscribing to this
  337. 14:20channel. Your support allows me to
  338. 14:22continue creating and publishing free
  339. 14:24content like this regularly to help
  340. 14:26those interested in learning about cyber
  341. 14:28security. And of course, if you'd like
  342. 14:30to discuss your training needs in the
  343. 14:32area of cyber security, a link for that
  344. 14:34is in the description. So, now back to
  345. 14:37the presentation. Here are six
  346. 14:39well-known password attack methods.
  347. 14:41Starting with brute force. What is a
  348. 14:44brute force attack? Well, simply put,
  349. 14:46it's an automated attack method on
  350. 14:48passwords and encryption keys using
  351. 14:50different combinations of characters
  352. 14:53until the correct combination is found.
  353. 14:56It uses tools like John the Ripper,
  354. 14:58AirCrackng, and Loftrack, which attack
  355. 15:02password hash files found in operating
  356. 15:04system folders on Windows and Unix
  357. 15:07machines.
  358. 15:08This type of tool takes lots of
  359. 15:10processing power, but can be accelerated
  360. 15:12by multiple graphics cards and online
  361. 15:15dedicated cloud ser services to crack
  362. 15:17passwords quickly, particularly ones
  363. 15:20with eight characters or less. In
  364. 15:22practice, hackers may often copy a
  365. 15:25Windows SAM database or a NTDS.dit
  366. 15:29file um and use a tool offline tool to
  367. 15:33crack passwords on the local machine.
  368. 15:36Hackers will pay particular attention to
  369. 15:38any uh user accounts with administrative
  370. 15:41privileges as this allows them to
  371. 15:43install malware and connect into other
  372. 15:45mach machines such as important servers.
  373. 15:48A password hash, by the way, is a
  374. 15:50one-way encrypted version of a password
  375. 15:53that is stored in a database instead of
  376. 15:55a plain text password.
  377. 15:58This process uses a cryptographic
  378. 16:00function to transform a password into a
  379. 16:02unique fixed length string of characters
  380. 16:05that cannot be reversed. So it's
  381. 16:07basically a way of systems avoiding
  382. 16:09storing passwords and plain texts which
  383. 16:12would obviously make them vulnerable to
  384. 16:13hackers.
  385. 16:15So in the second form of attack, a
  386. 16:17dictionary attack, it's a type of attack
  387. 16:19where a tool like John the Ripper again
  388. 16:21will use a list of common passwords,
  389. 16:24dictionary words or work from lists of
  390. 16:26compromised credentials from the dark
  391. 16:28web to test against against account
  392. 16:31loginins.
  393. 16:33This is relatively relatively fast form
  394. 16:35of attack as it's working from known
  395. 16:37lists which are loaded into the app and
  396. 16:39are processed quickly.
  397. 16:41So then next on our list of attacks is
  398. 16:44rainbow tables. What are rainbow tables?
  399. 16:47Well, they are essentially lists of
  400. 16:49precomputed tables of hash values and
  401. 16:52they're matching plain text passwords.
  402. 16:54So if the hash can be looked up in a
  403. 16:56rainbow table, the plain text version
  404. 16:59will be revealed. Typical tools like
  405. 17:02rainbow crack, John the Ripper, and
  406. 17:03Brutus can be used for this process.
  407. 17:07This form of attack used to be used to
  408. 17:09be more common but has been defeated
  409. 17:11most of the time with the addition of
  410. 17:12salting of hashes.
  411. 17:15Sultting is a security measure that adds
  412. 17:17a unique random string of characters,
  413. 17:19assault if you want to say, to each
  414. 17:21password before it's hashed.
  415. 17:24This ensures that even if two users have
  416. 17:26the same password, the resulting hashes
  417. 17:29will be different. If you want to learn
  418. 17:31more about the technical details of all
  419. 17:33of this, there is a downloadable uh link
  420. 17:35to a down downloadable document with
  421. 17:38external references for this slide in
  422. 17:40the description.
  423. 17:42So in the next form of attack,
  424. 17:44credential stuffing. It's a technique
  425. 17:47used by hackers to reuse a user's stolen
  426. 17:50credentials on other accounts that may
  427. 17:52be linked to them. Hackers are well
  428. 17:54aware that users tend to use the same
  429. 17:57passwords across many accounts. This
  430. 18:00might look like a user using the same
  431. 18:02password for logging into their Netflix
  432. 18:04and Amazon Prime accounts. So if a list
  433. 18:08of Netflix use Netflix user accounts and
  434. 18:10passwords were leaked on the dark web, a
  435. 18:13hacker may look for other accounts
  436. 18:15linked to that user or users that they
  437. 18:18may be interested and then try a similar
  438. 18:20username with the same password on
  439. 18:22Amazon. This is a very common attack
  440. 18:25method. So, next on our list is password
  441. 18:28spraying or as it's called reverse brute
  442. 18:31force attack. It involves an attacker
  443. 18:34trying a single commonly occurring
  444. 18:36password against a large list of
  445. 18:38usernames to find a match. This of
  446. 18:41course uh is the opposite of a normal
  447. 18:44brids attack which tries many passwords
  448. 18:47against a single username.
  449. 18:50Usually attackers will leverage
  450. 18:51passwords discovered in large data
  451. 18:53breaches and test them against a list of
  452. 18:55users in a company database at a low
  453. 18:58frequency level to avoid an account
  454. 19:00lockout. Hence they are difficult to to
  455. 19:03detect.
  456. 19:05So sticking on this point of account
  457. 19:06lockout after covering five account
  458. 19:09attack methods so far it's always
  459. 19:11advisable to set an aggressive account
  460. 19:14lockout policy on your device. So, three
  461. 19:17attempts would be an appropriate setting
  462. 19:19here before an account lockout would
  463. 19:21occur. For very sensitive systems, a
  464. 19:24call to support staff may be required to
  465. 19:26unlock the account, similar to a banking
  466. 19:29app, which would require you to call
  467. 19:30into customer service.
  468. 19:33So, the last attack method has become
  469. 19:36the go-to method for cyber criminal
  470. 19:38gangs to get employee passwords and
  471. 19:41banking credentials quickly. This, of
  472. 19:43course, is social engineering.
  473. 19:46Social engineering as you know uh uses
  474. 19:49psychological tactics to manipulate
  475. 19:51people into taking a desired action like
  476. 19:53giving up confidential information such
  477. 19:56as passwords and pins.
  478. 19:58It can be conducted by email, social
  479. 20:00media, phone or in person and is now
  480. 20:03increasingly facilitated by AI
  481. 20:05technologies to make these attacks more
  482. 20:08realistic and deceptive.
  483. 20:11The security firm Proof Point estimates
  484. 20:13that social engineering may account for
  485. 20:1598% of cyber attacks, while other
  486. 20:18sources place it between 70 and 90%.
  487. 20:21Whichever statistic you believe, it's a
  488. 20:24critical issue in cyber security.
  489. 20:27There are a few other attack methods
  490. 20:28that I could cover here such as key
  491. 20:30loggers, man-in-the-middle attacks, mask
  492. 20:34mass password attacks, cerber roasting,
  493. 20:37which I might may include in an upcoming
  494. 20:39video on password cracking methods in a
  495. 20:42more of a deep dive on these types of
  496. 20:44attacks. Let me know if you'd like to
  497. 20:46see more in anformational video about
  498. 20:49other attacks. Uh if you want to go
  499. 20:52ahead and comment in the description and
  500. 20:54of course subscribe to the channel so
  501. 20:56you get notified when the new video
  502. 20:57drops.
  503. 20:59I would uh recommend some o of our other
  504. 21:01videos on fishing for which there are
  505. 21:03links at the end of the video where we
  506. 21:05cover many attack types and
  507. 21:07methodologies under the social
  508. 21:09engineering banner.
  509. 21:15So, it's a fact that most people and
  510. 21:17companies are not aware when and how
  511. 21:20often their passwords are breached and
  512. 21:21end up for sale on the dark web. It's
  513. 21:24known that more than 24 billion
  514. 21:26credentials are exposed each year in
  515. 21:29data breaches and h and about half of
  516. 21:31the affected parties use the same
  517. 21:33password 14 times.
  518. 21:36Cyber experts are attributing the rise
  519. 21:38of info stealer malware such as Luma C2
  520. 21:42to the dramatic rise in credential theft
  521. 21:45which can be delivered through fishing
  522. 21:46emails, malicious sites, and software
  523. 21:48downloads.
  524. 21:50So, how do you check if your password
  525. 21:52has been hacked and get notified about
  526. 21:54future hacks? Well, let's start with
  527. 21:56some free tools you can start using
  528. 21:58straight away. The first of which is
  529. 22:00Google Password Checkup.
  530. 22:03This one is simple and involves visiting
  531. 22:05passwords.google.com/checkupstart
  532. 22:10and logging into your Google account to
  533. 22:12check if it's been involved in any data
  534. 22:14breaches.
  535. 22:16The tool will then check your Chrome
  536. 22:18browser for stored credentials to
  537. 22:19compare with Google security databases
  538. 22:22and generate a detailed report with
  539. 22:23compromised passwords. It will also tell
  540. 22:26you about reused passwords and weak
  541. 22:28passwords, which is a handy preventative
  542. 22:31feature designed to limit your exposure
  543. 22:33to future breaches.
  544. 22:36The next free tool is have I have I been
  545. 22:39pawned, which will give you a report on
  546. 22:41data breaches since 2012 in instances
  547. 22:44where your email address and password
  548. 22:46were found in a data breach. So in my
  549. 22:49case, I noticed LinkedIn, Adobe, Drop,
  550. 22:52Dropbox, Twitter, and a few companies I
  551. 22:54didn't even know about uh which were
  552. 22:56included in data breaches, including
  553. 22:59People Data Labs, PDL, and the Post
  554. 23:01Millennial. This shows us the lack of
  555. 23:05control we really have over security
  556. 23:06once we create a login anywhere online.
  557. 23:10Then the next tool uh comes from
  558. 23:11Mozilla, which is also free. It provides
  559. 23:14many of the same results as have I been
  560. 23:17pawned, but it has a nice step-by-step
  561. 23:20remediation tool which takes you through
  562. 23:22all the remediation steps that you need.
  563. 23:25I'd recommend using all three tools and
  564. 23:27making a physical note of accounts
  565. 23:28you've fixed as you go along so you
  566. 23:31don't duplicate effort. Next, we move
  567. 23:33into the paid tools category, starting
  568. 23:35with Macaffy. Macaffy uh identity
  569. 23:39monitoring is more of a personal to tool
  570. 23:41to notify you of more types of threats.
  571. 23:45From its own website, it says, "We'll
  572. 23:47monitor the dark web for your personal
  573. 23:49info, including email, government IDs,
  574. 23:51credit cards, and bank account numbers,
  575. 23:54and more." It also says will help uh
  576. 23:58keep your personal info safe with early
  577. 24:00alerts if your data is found in the dark
  578. 24:02web an average of 10 months ahead of
  579. 24:06similar services. The full list of data
  580. 24:09that it monitors includes social
  581. 24:10security numbers at government IDs,
  582. 24:12driver's license numbers, passport
  583. 24:14numbers, tax IDs, dates of birth, credit
  584. 24:18card numbers, bank account numbers,
  585. 24:20usernames, insurance ID cards, email
  586. 24:22addresses, and phone numbers.
  587. 24:25They have three different uh plans which
  588. 24:27you can view on the link provided on the
  589. 24:30screen. So then last on our list is an
  590. 24:33enterprise project product which uh some
  591. 24:35of my business viewers might be
  592. 24:37interested in. The product comes from a
  593. 24:40company called recorded future and the
  594. 24:42name of the product is dark web
  595. 24:43intelligence.
  596. 24:45So their platform describes their
  597. 24:47product as a solution which enables you
  598. 24:49to automate the identific identification
  599. 24:51of proprietary data or loss credentials
  600. 24:54on dark marketplaces as well as mentions
  601. 24:58of your company brands or
  602. 25:00infrastructure.
  603. 25:02It also allows companies to uncover new
  604. 25:04and emerging exploits and malode tools
  605. 25:07relevant to your technology stack been
  606. 25:09developed and traded in dark web
  607. 25:11locations.
  608. 25:13One source on the web says threat
  609. 25:15intelligence uh cost for two user users
  610. 25:18is roughly $281,000
  611. 25:21over a three-year period license I
  612. 25:23guess. So this would place the product
  613. 25:26obviously in the high-end enterprise
  614. 25:28bracket. So obviously plan accordingly
  615. 25:31if you're in the market for something
  616. 25:33like that.
  617. 25:42A common question about password is
  618. 25:44what's the difference between them and
  619. 25:45passcodes and which one is better? Well,
  620. 25:48the answer to the first part of the
  621. 25:50question about the difference between
  622. 25:51the two is that passcodes are typically
  623. 25:54short numeric codes often used in
  624. 25:57banking apps or for fast access to a
  625. 26:00device such as you might see when
  626. 26:02unlocking your phone or a unlocking a
  627. 26:04screen saver. A password on the other
  628. 26:07hand is usually longer with a more
  629. 26:09complex string of characters, numbers,
  630. 26:11special characters which you use to log
  631. 26:14into operating systems, online accounts,
  632. 26:16apps as we've seen in previous slides.
  633. 26:19Passwords are more secure due to their
  634. 26:21secure your complexity and ability to
  635. 26:24set policies for. Whereas passcodes are
  636. 26:26convenient but less secure when they're
  637. 26:29used on their own with any without any
  638. 26:31other form of authentication.
  639. 26:33So, it's quite common to see passcodes
  640. 26:35used as a secondary form of
  641. 26:37authentication after first being
  642. 26:39verified through another means. So, what
  643. 26:42does that look like? Well, if you've
  644. 26:45ever signed up for an online banking on
  645. 26:47your phone, you will first enroll your
  646. 26:49phone once with the registration number,
  647. 26:52perhaps your account details, password,
  648. 26:54and a user generated uh passcode. And
  649. 26:57then every time after that you access
  650. 27:00your account details through your
  651. 27:02banking app just with the passcode on
  652. 27:04its own for speed of use.
  653. 27:17So another common question is how do I
  654. 27:19make my passwords more secure?
  655. 27:22Well, a common method is through the use
  656. 27:24of passphrases which are made up of
  657. 27:27unrelated words but are easily memorable
  658. 27:30to the user. A passphrase example like
  659. 27:34railway, sky, Venus, mountain is easy to
  660. 27:37remember and is actually 26 characters
  661. 27:40long and therefore considered strong as
  662. 27:43they're a lot harder to guess when
  663. 27:44compared to normal passwords which are
  664. 27:47crackable on average within an hour
  665. 27:49using a cracking tools like John the
  666. 27:51Ripper. uh statistic actually out there
  667. 27:54is that uh most normal passwords are
  668. 27:58cracked 59% of the time within just an
  669. 28:01hour.
  670. 28:03So passphrases can be further enhanced
  671. 28:05with pins and biometrics
  672. 28:08like Apple's face ID and thumbrint
  673. 28:11identification as seen quite commonly uh
  674. 28:13used in banking apps and in crypto
  675. 28:16wallets making them extremely strong.
  676. 28:20While passphrases are superior to
  677. 28:22passwords, there are a few potential
  678. 28:24weaknesses to be aware of. Like
  679. 28:26password, past phrases have many of the
  680. 28:29same vulnerabilities as passwords do.
  681. 28:32Passwords do as they are vulnerable to
  682. 28:34social engineering and insecure storage
  683. 28:37practices. This means that users may be
  684. 28:40duped into sharing their password with
  685. 28:42fake uh websites and hackers who may
  686. 28:45trick you into believing they're
  687. 28:47legitimate. So passphrases on their own
  688. 28:50are vulnerable to the same data breaches
  689. 28:52as regular passwords when dumps of
  690. 28:54breached credentials appear on lists on
  691. 28:57the dark web.
  692. 28:59Users may also make the mistake of
  693. 29:01reusing the same passphrase ac across
  694. 29:03multiple accounts and use predictable
  695. 29:06phrases like the lyrics of a song. And
  696. 29:09then lastly, passphrases can sometimes
  697. 29:11cause annoyance to users who have to
  698. 29:14type them in, particularly on devices
  699. 29:15like TVs where remote controls may be
  700. 29:18used to type them out. This can lead to
  701. 29:21users rejecting their use and opting for
  702. 29:23short passwords uh for speed instead.
  703. 29:34The second method uh for you securing
  704. 29:36your password is through the use of pass
  705. 29:38keys. Pass keys are big text answer to
  706. 29:43passwordless login. Uh you might have
  707. 29:45noticed them being used by Google,
  708. 29:48Amazon, eBay, Revolute and other big
  709. 29:51techs. They are designed to help prevent
  710. 29:54fishing and the problem of sharing the
  711. 29:56same password across multiple web apps
  712. 29:58and services.
  713. 30:00They work by using a one-time enrollment
  714. 30:02process where users use their face,
  715. 30:05thumbrint, pattern, or pin to link a
  716. 30:08device to a service such as Google
  717. 30:10Password Manager. Once this is done,
  718. 30:12users can entirely avoid using a type
  719. 30:15password to access Google services from
  720. 30:17then on.
  721. 30:19Pass keys have the advantage of being
  722. 30:21faster than typing a password. Uh more
  723. 30:24secure in that they are resistant to
  724. 30:25password guessing. uh they prevent
  725. 30:28password reuse and provide protection
  726. 30:31against fishing attacks. So in a fishing
  727. 30:33attack, a user unintentionally enters
  728. 30:35their real password on a deceptive
  729. 30:37website created usually created by a
  730. 30:40cyber criminal. This doesn't work with
  731. 30:42pass keys. Uh the keys we mentioned
  732. 30:44earlier only work uh on the URL of the
  733. 30:48real app or website. So this prevents
  734. 30:51fishing. Then there's the fact that pass
  735. 30:54keys are stored locally on your device.
  736. 30:56Which means that unlike your password
  737. 30:58which may get hacked in a big databach
  738. 31:01on a server you probably never heard of,
  739. 31:03pass keys are stored on your local
  740. 31:05device which is a much smaller target
  741. 31:08for hackers.
  742. 31:10Pass keys are not invulnerable though as
  743. 31:12concerns have been raised about the
  744. 31:14difficulty in implementing them in
  745. 31:15organizations and the fact that the
  746. 31:18underlying protocol called web o w
  747. 31:23au t hn uh on which pass keys are based
  748. 31:27is inherently very insecure.
  749. 31:31So for those companies who are willing
  750. 31:32to make the move away from pass
  751. 31:34passwords, pass keys are much more
  752. 31:36secure than usergenerated passwords and
  753. 31:39expect them to be rolled out uh more and
  754. 31:42more as they move towards a passwordless
  755. 31:44login um environment on the internet.
  756. 31:52Another question that comes up
  757. 31:53frequently is are password recovery
  758. 31:56questions a secure method of
  759. 31:58authentication.
  760. 32:00Well, the short answer is no. Uh but you
  761. 32:04may still encounter them on uh websites
  762. 32:06that are used but mostly as a legacy
  763. 32:09feature. The fact is that many times
  764. 32:12these answers, these password recovery
  765. 32:14answers can be discovered through social
  766. 32:16media searches, public record searches
  767. 32:19and even social engineering.
  768. 32:21The prepared preferred method of
  769. 32:23recovery is through password reset
  770. 32:25emails uh with an embedded tokenized
  771. 32:28link and a short expiration timeout.
  772. 32:31Many companies such as Google and
  773. 32:33Microsoft will add a second layer of
  774. 32:35authentication on top of these uh
  775. 32:38recovery emails through the use of a
  776. 32:40one-time password generated by an
  777. 32:42authenticator app to for further secure
  778. 32:45the process. So, in effect, it's a a
  779. 32:48form of two-factor authentication that
  780. 32:49you will see out there quite a lot um in
  781. 32:52the password recovery um efforts
  782. 32:55particularly by big companies like
  783. 32:56Microsoft.
  784. 33:02So, just quickly on this slide, the main
  785. 33:04cyber security questions for 2025
  786. 33:07circling around the internet fell into
  787. 33:09four categories this year. Those
  788. 33:11categories were a AI powered attacks, b
  789. 33:15quantum computing threats, c supply
  790. 33:18supply chain vulnerabilities, and d r
  791. 33:20ransomware as a service. So with data
  792. 33:23breaches in the US now costing companies
  793. 33:25an average 10.22 billion and the global
  794. 33:29cost of ransomware projected to hit 57
  795. 33:32billion uh by the end of 2025, you may
  796. 33:35be interested to hear more on one or
  797. 33:37more about the latest forms of threats.
  798. 33:40That's why I encourage you to drop a
  799. 33:41comment below with your choice or
  800. 33:43choices of topics and subscribe to the
  801. 33:46channel to get notified when the next
  802. 33:48video is published about one of these
  803. 33:49categories. Remember, we can also create
  804. 33:52awareness presentations for corporate
  805. 33:54customers on any of these top topics. So
  806. 33:57again, let me know in the com comment
  807. 33:59section if any of these uh may be of
  808. 34:01interest to you.
  809. 34:18In this slide, we answered the question,
  810. 34:21how should I store my passwords?
  811. 34:23Well, the best answer to that question
  812. 34:25is probably with the use of password
  813. 34:28managers.
  814. 34:29Password managers are programs that
  815. 34:31allow you to store account passwords and
  816. 34:33other personal information such as
  817. 34:35credit card numbers, addresses, phone
  818. 34:37numbers, and secure notes in encrypted
  819. 34:40form. The data, this data is stored in a
  820. 34:44password vault either locally or in the
  821. 34:46cloud and is typically accessed with the
  822. 34:49master password authenticator app or
  823. 34:52biometric data like a facial scan or
  824. 34:54fingerprint for strong security.
  825. 34:57So beyond the peace of mind that comes
  826. 34:59with having all your passwords stored
  827. 35:01securely, password managers will
  828. 35:03autofill your in login information on
  829. 35:05websites they recognize, allowing you to
  830. 35:08access all your accounts seamlessly.
  831. 35:11So why do you need a password manager?
  832. 35:14Well, according to Microsoft, many
  833. 35:15people use weak passwords that are
  834. 35:17easily guessed and reused on several
  835. 35:20different websites, making them targets
  836. 35:23for hacking and identity theft. When you
  837. 35:26use the same password for any of your
  838. 35:28email, bank, social media, or healthcare
  839. 35:30accounts, an identity thief who may have
  840. 35:33found just one of your login information
  841. 35:36on the dark web would be able to test
  842. 35:38the same password against any other
  843. 35:40accounts they may discover on a list or
  844. 35:43by searching on Google. So, what are
  845. 35:45some other benefits of a password
  846. 35:47manager? Well, password managers let you
  847. 35:50create strong, unique passwords for you
  848. 35:53for each of your accounts and let those
  849. 35:55passwords be automatically filled in
  850. 35:57when you go to use them. Using the
  851. 35:59autofill feature for each site you have
  852. 36:02an account with saves you time.
  853. 36:05Password managers also protect your
  854. 36:06identity by checking dark websites for
  855. 36:09stolen credentials and email addresses.
  856. 36:12So, the sad fact is that millions of
  857. 36:14online users have their passwords, email
  858. 36:16addresses, and more stolen every year
  859. 36:18due to companies being breached and
  860. 36:21never being informed about it. Password
  861. 36:23managers will alert users if their
  862. 36:25details show up in online dark
  863. 36:27marketplaces and alert them to change
  864. 36:30them immediately and check with credit
  865. 36:31reporting service providers to check for
  866. 36:34fraud.
  867. 36:35Password managers can also let you know
  868. 36:37about fishing sites. So passwords stored
  869. 36:40in a password manager manager vault are
  870. 36:42matched to a specific URL when first
  871. 36:44created. So if you land in a cloned
  872. 36:46fishing site such as a fake banking
  873. 36:48site, the credentials won't work and
  874. 36:50you'll get an alert, thus keeping your
  875. 36:52personal information safe from criminals
  876. 36:54who are trying to steal your personal
  877. 36:56information.
  878. 36:58So with so many of us using hundreds of
  879. 37:00personal and work accounts and the need
  880. 37:03to keep password unique and strong,
  881. 37:05password managers fill an essential gap
  882. 37:07and give you peace of mind. In the next
  883. 37:09slide, we'll look at five popular
  884. 37:11password managers and what they can
  885. 37:13offer.
  886. 37:19So in this section I'm going to compare
  887. 37:21some top password managers ranked by
  888. 37:23names such as uh by gardener PC Mag and
  889. 37:26a few other rating agencies. I feel this
  890. 37:29is an important exercise as password
  891. 37:31protection gives you perhaps the best
  892. 37:33bang for buck defense against hackers
  893. 37:36and you get to see some of the other
  894. 37:37benefits which you might not have
  895. 37:39thought of. I'm also going to include a
  896. 37:42link in the description with further
  897. 37:43information on each of the brands
  898. 37:45mentioned here as there are a lot of
  899. 37:47extra information to share if you want
  900. 37:48to dive deeper into getting getting one
  901. 37:51of these products yourself. And
  902. 37:53remember, if you'd like to see a video
  903. 37:55just about password managers and their
  904. 37:57features, comment below and say yes, I'd
  905. 38:00like to see a video on password managers
  906. 38:03and I'll line something up.
  907. 38:08So in this chart chart we looked at 10
  908. 38:11areas for each of the password man
  909. 38:13managers mentioned in the previous slide
  910. 38:15which were last pass Dashlane keeper one
  911. 38:19password and bit warden. Each of these
  912. 38:22names are wellestablished players in the
  913. 38:24field and compete closely with each
  914. 38:25other on password features with slight
  915. 38:28variations on free versus paid elements
  916. 38:31and what each product is known to
  917. 38:33specialize in. So you'll notice that
  918. 38:35there are annotations with asterisks
  919. 38:37such as asterisk 1, asterisk 2, etc. in
  920. 38:41various locations. These annotations
  921. 38:43link to the information beneath the
  922. 38:45chart. So for example, you see asterisk
  923. 38:48one beside LastPass, which links to the
  924. 38:50notation at the bottom, best known for
  925. 38:53ease of use by Consumer Reports.
  926. 38:55However, they suffered a data breach in
  927. 38:56222 which eroded customer trust. And
  928. 39:00then asterisk 2 is for Dashlane which is
  929. 39:04in in quotes considered best known for
  930. 39:06security features and so on.
  931. 39:09So what I recommend is that you pause
  932. 39:11the video at any point to read the notes
  933. 39:13to read over everything and I'll weigh
  934. 39:16in with my opinion based on all the
  935. 39:18expert reviews.
  936. 39:20As I mentioned in the previous slide,
  937. 39:22I'm going to include a link in the
  938. 39:23description with more information
  939. 39:25including pricing on each of these
  940. 39:26features as there's a bit of depth here
  941. 39:29in explaining each one.
  942. 39:31I'll start with ruling out the ones that
  943. 39:33would be uh no for me and why. So, let's
  944. 39:38go ahead then with the review.
  945. 39:40Firstly, LastPass is a good product, but
  946. 39:42clearly having suffered a large data
  947. 39:44breach in 2022, which exposed the data
  948. 39:47on 33 million individual users and
  949. 39:50100,000 businesses and also the fact
  950. 39:53that they had to revise their story on
  951. 39:55what actually compromise, what the
  952. 39:56actual compromise was means that the
  953. 39:59product really is a non-starter for me.
  954. 40:02Then Dashlane uh gets three dings
  955. 40:05against it based on price having an
  956. 40:08awkward emergency access procedure and
  957. 40:11then no secure notes on mobile devices
  958. 40:14which I believe is important. Emergency
  959. 40:16access is a feature in password managers
  960. 40:18that allows a trusted contact such as
  961. 40:20your spouse to gain access to your
  962. 40:23password vault in case of emergencies
  963. 40:25such as death or incapacitation
  964. 40:28which obviously can be very important
  965. 40:29should should the worst happen. While
  966. 40:32secure notes are encrypted digital nodes
  967. 40:34stored within a password manage manager
  968. 40:37designed to hold sensitive information
  969. 40:40that doesn't fit in a standard password
  970. 40:42field. They protect data like software
  971. 40:44licenses, pins, security question
  972. 40:46answers, and account numbers keeping
  973. 40:49keeping it safe and organized along with
  974. 40:51other credentials.
  975. 40:54The next product I would uh say no to is
  976. 40:56Bit Warden. Due to a lack of important
  977. 40:58functionality in the dark web monitoring
  978. 41:00department. As you'll remember from
  979. 41:03previous slides, this feature allow
  980. 41:05allows monitoring of dark websites for
  981. 41:07lists of breach passwords and email
  982. 41:09addresses which may be for sale. So
  983. 41:12having live alerting of a breach is of
  984. 41:14critical importance. So you can respond
  985. 41:17by changing your your account passwords.
  986. 41:20This leaves us with keeper and one
  987. 41:22password which are closely matched.
  988. 41:25However, as one password does not have
  989. 41:27email breach uh monitoring as part of
  990. 41:29its offering which I think makes that a
  991. 41:31significant flaw. This leaves us with
  992. 41:34keeper which would make my
  993. 41:35recommendation given its all round
  994. 41:37feature set and competitive pricing. Of
  995. 41:40course, if you have your opinion on
  996. 41:41these products or others or feel that
  997. 41:43there's another password manager that is
  998. 41:45better than any of these, drop a comment
  999. 41:47below with your experience.
  1000. 41:59So, up to now we've mostly covered
  1001. 42:01single factor authentication methods,
  1002. 42:03namely passwords, passphrases, and pass
  1003. 42:05keys. Now it's time to discuss MFA or
  1004. 42:09multiffactor authentication as it stands
  1005. 42:11for. So what is multiffactor
  1006. 42:13authentication?
  1007. 42:15Well, it's a general term for login
  1008. 42:17security which involves two or more
  1009. 42:19authentication methods which are needed
  1010. 42:22to gain access to a system. The method
  1011. 42:25can be used for something you know,
  1012. 42:27something you have or something you are.
  1013. 42:30So let's explain what that looks like.
  1014. 42:33So let's say you want to log into your
  1015. 42:35workplace uh from home. Well, with multi
  1016. 42:38multiffactor authentication, you will
  1017. 42:40probably first connect via an app on
  1018. 42:42your device like uh using Cisco secure
  1019. 42:44client or checkpoint secure remote
  1020. 42:47access or something like that which will
  1021. 42:49prompt you first for to enter a username
  1022. 42:52and a password and then secondly it will
  1023. 42:55look for something else like a code from
  1024. 42:56a text message, a onetime password from
  1025. 42:59an anti- authenticator app or hardware
  1026. 43:02token. So in this scenario, the username
  1027. 43:05and password is something you know and
  1028. 43:07the device used to receive or generate
  1029. 43:09the code is something you have which
  1030. 43:11constitutes multiffactor authentication.
  1031. 43:15This second form of authentication
  1032. 43:17effectively means that even if your
  1033. 43:18username and password are leaked out
  1034. 43:20onto the dark web or a hacker has
  1035. 43:22managed to place malware onto your
  1036. 43:24machine with the intention of stealing
  1037. 43:26your credentials that these attacks will
  1038. 43:28probably fail.
  1039. 43:30So there are a range of corporate and
  1040. 43:32personal MFA products which are popular
  1041. 43:35in this space. A few common free ones
  1042. 43:38are phone authenticator apps like Google
  1043. 43:40authenticator and Microsoft
  1044. 43:42authenticator which generate a new code
  1045. 43:44every 60 seconds. Then we have other
  1046. 43:48types of MFA technology including
  1047. 43:50physical key fobs and hardware keys
  1048. 43:53which plug into USB ports on uh mobile
  1049. 43:56devices.
  1050. 43:57We then also have voice-based
  1051. 43:59authentication which is offered through
  1052. 44:01services like Microsoft Entra ID where
  1053. 44:04users are validated through an automated
  1054. 44:06phone attendant which makes an outbound
  1055. 44:08outbound call to the user for
  1056. 44:10verification.
  1057. 44:12In the next two slides, I'll show you
  1058. 44:14some weaknesses in the technology and a
  1059. 44:16comparison chart of five top MFA
  1060. 44:19providers and their feature sets.
  1061. 44:26So let's look at some MFA weaknesses. So
  1062. 44:29MFA technology is not 100% f foolproof.
  1063. 44:33So let's look at some five known common
  1064. 44:35weaknesses uh through its use. The first
  1065. 44:38one I want to talk about is SIM
  1066. 44:40swapping. So what what's what is that?
  1067. 44:43SIM swapping is a type of fraud where a
  1068. 44:45hacker tricks a mobile carrier into
  1069. 44:48transferring a victim's phone number to
  1070. 44:50a new SIM card that the hacker controls.
  1071. 44:53So if the hacker succeeds, it allows
  1072. 44:55them to intercept one-time passwords and
  1073. 44:58other authentication codes via SMS,
  1074. 45:01thereby bypassing multiffactor
  1075. 45:03authentication and gaining un
  1076. 45:05unauthorized access to the victim's work
  1077. 45:07account login or banking apps, email or
  1078. 45:11cryptocurrency wallets.
  1079. 45:13Some hackers will go one step further by
  1080. 45:15performing account takeovers where they
  1081. 45:17use these codes to reset passwords and
  1082. 45:20take over the victim's account causing
  1083. 45:22significant harm to individuals and
  1084. 45:24businesses.
  1085. 45:26Second on our list is social engineering
  1086. 45:29which may involve different techniques
  1087. 45:30to deceive users into taking an action
  1088. 45:33to allow hackers to bypass multiffactor
  1089. 45:35authentication.
  1090. 45:37Two commonly used methods are called
  1091. 45:39prompt bombing and service desk attacks.
  1092. 45:43Uh, prompt bombing is an attack method
  1093. 45:45where attackers will send out repeated
  1094. 45:47requests to a victim's phone, asking
  1095. 45:49them to approve a login until the victim
  1096. 45:52gives in and approves the login out of
  1097. 45:54annoyance.
  1098. 45:55Attackers will usually already have the
  1099. 45:57victim's login and password before
  1100. 45:59attempting the this maneuver, and
  1101. 46:01attackers may spoof where the request
  1102. 46:03for authentication came from to make it
  1103. 46:05look like their employer, bank, or other
  1104. 46:07trusted party trusted party initiated
  1105. 46:10it.
  1106. 46:11In the case of service desk attacks,
  1107. 46:13hackers may call a corporate help desk
  1108. 46:15using a ruse that they're an employee
  1109. 46:18who's lost their phone or can't access
  1110. 46:20their authenticator app and need a code
  1111. 46:22to access their work or banking app.
  1112. 46:25Normally, the hacker will have
  1113. 46:26sufficient identity information on the
  1114. 46:28victim to convince the help desk that
  1115. 46:30they are in fact who they say they are.
  1116. 46:33These tactics have been linked to cyber
  1117. 46:35crime groups like scattered sky
  1118. 46:37scattered spider and octopus.
  1119. 46:40specifically the attack and NGM grand
  1120. 46:42which we mentioned earlier in the video.
  1121. 46:44Use the service desk attack to gain
  1122. 46:46access to their network. If you want to
  1123. 46:49hear more about these two groups and
  1124. 46:51their history of attacks and methods,
  1125. 46:52drop a comment below and I'll include
  1126. 46:54them in an upcoming video.
  1127. 46:56So then number three on our list is an
  1128. 46:58adversary in the middle attack.
  1129. 47:00Sometimes referred to as
  1130. 47:01man-in-the-middle attacks. So in this
  1131. 47:03case, users may land on a lookalike
  1132. 47:05banking website, fake login screen, or a
  1133. 47:08fake social media site after clicking on
  1134. 47:10a fishing link or downloading malware.
  1135. 47:13At this point, unsuspecting users may be
  1136. 47:15duped into entering in their two-factor
  1137. 47:18codes for authentication, believing the
  1138. 47:20app or website to be legitimate.
  1139. 47:23Meanwhile, hackers are waiting and
  1140. 47:24deploy a method called 2FA or two-factor
  1141. 47:27authentication pass on to simultaneously
  1142. 47:30use these codes to authenticate on a on
  1143. 47:33the real site, thereby defeating the
  1144. 47:34multi- factor uh challenge.
  1145. 47:38Again, once they're into your account,
  1146. 47:40they can take it over, change passwords,
  1147. 47:42drain funds, etc., leaving the victim
  1148. 47:45not suspecting they've done anything
  1149. 47:46wrong. An example of this tactic has
  1150. 47:49been used by e-crime groups such as
  1151. 47:51storm 1167
  1152. 47:54who are known for create crafting fake
  1153. 47:56Microsoft authentication pages to
  1154. 47:59harvest credentials where they mimic the
  1155. 48:00MFA step of the Microsoft login process
  1156. 48:04prompting the victim to put in their MFA
  1157. 48:06code and grant the attacker access. From
  1158. 48:09there they gain access to a legitimate
  1159. 48:11email account and can use it as a
  1160. 48:13platform for a multi-stage fishing
  1161. 48:15attack.
  1162. 48:17So then number four is session hijacking
  1163. 48:20which involves taking over active user
  1164. 48:22accounts through stolen cookies or API
  1165. 48:24tokens allowing them to impersonate
  1166. 48:27legitimate users access sensitive system
  1167. 48:30systems and execute ransomware attacks
  1168. 48:33all while flying under the radar of
  1169. 48:35traditional security tools.
  1170. 48:37So how does it work? An attacker uses
  1171. 48:40eaves drop eavesdropping to monitor
  1172. 48:42legitimate user sessions such as a
  1173. 48:44connection to a banking site or an
  1174. 48:46employee VPN session into their work
  1175. 48:48environment. The ta attacker then uses
  1176. 48:50malware or cross-ite scripting to steal
  1177. 48:53that cookie or token stored in the
  1178. 48:55victim's machine thereby bypassing MFA
  1179. 48:59and impersonating the legitimate user in
  1180. 49:01in their active session effectively
  1181. 49:03taking over their account. As you can
  1182. 49:05see perhaps why at this point that
  1183. 49:07hacking groups are difficult to defend
  1184. 49:09against as they seemingly have a
  1185. 49:11sophisticated array of tools to overcome
  1186. 49:13even the most secure technologies.
  1187. 49:17The lastly number five in our list is
  1188. 49:19the next weakness which is user
  1189. 49:21lockouts. This refers to inst instances
  1190. 49:24where users find themselves in a
  1191. 49:26situation where they can't access their
  1192. 49:27authenticator app. they can't receive a
  1193. 49:30phone signal or for push notifications
  1194. 49:33or experience a lockout due to excessive
  1195. 49:36failed code entry attempts. So even
  1196. 49:39lockouts due to non-compliant devices uh
  1197. 49:41can cause lockout in devices. These
  1198. 49:44issues can lead to rejection of using
  1199. 49:46MFA in the first place and in some cases
  1200. 49:49disabling it out of frustration.
  1201. 49:54So this slide we're showing you a
  1202. 49:56multiffactor authentication product
  1203. 49:58comparison. So see these are five top
  1204. 50:01multiffactor authentication products uh
  1205. 50:04and how they compare so that if you're
  1206. 50:06in the market for buying one of these
  1207. 50:08products you can make an informed
  1208. 50:09decision.
  1209. 50:11So starting from our first row, we look
  1210. 50:13at a cost comparison of Cisco Juo, Oaka
  1211. 50:17Adaptive, Microsoft Entra, Ping
  1212. 50:20Identity, and Google Authenticator.
  1213. 50:23Google is actually free, so it rates top
  1214. 50:25in the cost department. This is then
  1215. 50:27followed by Jio at $3 per user per
  1216. 50:30month, then Microsoft Entra at $6 per
  1217. 50:33user per month, and Adaptive at $17 per
  1218. 50:37user per month. Bottom of the cost list
  1219. 50:40is Ping identity with a high entry point
  1220. 50:42at $20,000 per year.
  1221. 50:46On the next row, we look at the primary
  1222. 50:48usage for each of these five five
  1223. 50:50products. We see that Duo is most suited
  1224. 50:52to quick deployments in small and
  1225. 50:54mediumsiz businesses. Octa is best
  1226. 50:58geared towards non-Microsoft multi-app
  1227. 51:01environments while Microsoft Entra is as
  1228. 51:04you would expect heavily Microsoft/Asure
  1229. 51:08ccentric with deep integrations into
  1230. 51:10their own Microsoft applications.
  1231. 51:13Then looking at ping identity we see
  1232. 51:15that it's targeted targeting large
  1233. 51:17complex enterprise class of business
  1234. 51:20hence explaining the $20,000 entry price
  1235. 51:22perhaps. And then last on this row is
  1236. 51:25Google Authenticator, which was really
  1237. 51:27only designed as a personal use product
  1238. 51:29commonly used as an app on cell phones
  1239. 51:32without any form of centralized
  1240. 51:33management.
  1241. 51:35And now looking at the last row, we
  1242. 51:37reviewed the key weaknesses of each
  1243. 51:39product starting from Cisco Duo. The
  1244. 51:42main weakness here is that it's not
  1245. 51:44quite fit for large complex
  1246. 51:46environments. Yet it's it's evolving as
  1247. 51:48time goes on. The low monthly price here
  1248. 51:52is perhaps reflective of this fact.
  1249. 51:55Next, we here uh look at Octa. Octa can
  1250. 51:58come in on the expensive side at scale
  1251. 52:00as we see that $17 per seat per month
  1252. 52:03can rack up quickly in expense in larger
  1253. 52:06environments.
  1254. 52:08Next, Microsoft Entra, which has a main
  1255. 52:11weakness of not being suitable outside
  1256. 52:13of Microsoft shops. So really you could
  1257. 52:15say that it's really only designed for
  1258. 52:17Microsoft Asia environments.
  1259. 52:20Now looking at ping identity, the main
  1260. 52:22technical drawback here is the
  1261. 52:24complexity of the product leading to a
  1262. 52:26steep learning curve for product owners.
  1263. 52:29This of course is not uncommon with
  1264. 52:30enterprise solutions as they're designed
  1265. 52:33to tackle complex nuanced problems. And
  1266. 52:37then lastly on our categorization here
  1267. 52:40is Google. Although it's a free product,
  1268. 52:43it lacks advanced features like adaptive
  1269. 52:45policies and end-to-end encryptions. So
  1270. 52:49just an aside note on adaptive policies
  1271. 52:51and what they are, they're essentially
  1272. 52:53dynamic rules that adjust the level of
  1273. 52:55multiffactor authentication required for
  1274. 52:57a login based on realtime risk
  1275. 53:00assessments of factors like location,
  1276. 53:03device, and user behavior. So instead of
  1277. 53:06a one-sizefits-all approach, adaptive
  1278. 53:09policies balance strong security with
  1279. 53:12user convenience by requiring fewer
  1280. 53:14steps for low-risk login like uh from a
  1281. 53:17trusted device and location and stepping
  1282. 53:19up the authentication requirements for
  1283. 53:21high-risk situations such as a login
  1284. 53:24from an unfamiliar device or location.
  1285. 53:36In this slide, we ask the question, how
  1286. 53:39do I secure my mobile device? Mobile
  1287. 53:42devices continue to be a favorite
  1288. 53:44amongst hackers in 2025 as more users
  1289. 53:47browse with their phones and tablets
  1290. 53:49than desktops. So, security on these
  1291. 53:51devices is just as important than
  1292. 53:53anything else, which is why it's good to
  1293. 53:55know what the best forms of security
  1294. 53:57are.
  1295. 53:59Well, basically there are five common
  1296. 54:00methods of security on mobile devices.
  1297. 54:03Two of which are considered very secure
  1298. 54:04from a login perspective. The five
  1299. 54:07method five common methods include
  1300. 54:09passcodes, pattern recognition,
  1301. 54:12passwords, biometric security and
  1302. 54:15hardware security keys. The first three
  1303. 54:17of these are considered not to to be
  1304. 54:20that secure on the security front as
  1305. 54:22malware and nearby threat actors can
  1306. 54:24observe you while you enter your
  1307. 54:26credentials. In other words, passcodes,
  1308. 54:28patterns, and passwords can be defeated
  1309. 54:30by activities such as bruce force brute
  1310. 54:33force attacks, shoulder suffering,
  1311. 54:35social engineering, and fishing
  1312. 54:37websites, which are all in the business
  1313. 54:39of stealing credentials through the
  1314. 54:41easiest method possible.
  1315. 54:44Which leaves us then with the two other
  1316. 54:46options for security, biometrics and
  1317. 54:48hardware security keys, which are both
  1318. 54:51considered much stronger because they
  1319. 54:53are rely on physical components to make
  1320. 54:55them work. So, you may well be familiar
  1321. 54:57with Apple's Face ID and Touch ID are on
  1322. 55:01the Android platform Android's face
  1323. 55:03unlock and fingerprint unlock features.
  1324. 55:06These are prime examples of physical
  1325. 55:08uniqueness because they estimate that
  1326. 55:10the chances of another random person
  1327. 55:12unlock unlocking the device is less than
  1328. 55:141 in 1 million. Apple's Face ID has a
  1329. 55:17very high degree of security in that it
  1330. 55:19performs a livveness check which ensures
  1331. 55:22a real life person is authenticating to
  1332. 55:24the device. It uses a sophisticated 3D
  1333. 55:27system to create a mathematical
  1334. 55:29representation of your face, which is
  1335. 55:31encrypted and protected within the
  1336. 55:33phone's secure enclave, as it's known,
  1337. 55:35meaning your facial data is not shared
  1338. 55:37or stored on Apple's servers for privacy
  1339. 55:40reasons.
  1340. 55:42Android also supports face unlock and
  1341. 55:45face fingerprint authentication, which
  1342. 55:47can super supersede the need for
  1343. 55:48patterns, pins, and passwords on that
  1344. 55:51platform for authentication.
  1345. 55:54But perhaps the most powerful
  1346. 55:56authentication method, however, is a sec
  1347. 55:58hardware security key, which can either
  1348. 56:01plug into the devices physical charging
  1349. 56:04port or connect via nearfield
  1350. 56:05communication or Bluetooth.
  1351. 56:08Hardware keys have the advantage of
  1352. 56:10being highly resistant to fishing and
  1353. 56:12other social engineering attacks because
  1354. 56:14they require a physical presence and
  1355. 56:16interaction with the device. Examples of
  1356. 56:19mobile compatible keys include Ubico
  1357. 56:22from UBI and Google's Titan security
  1358. 56:25key. These devices may be used for the
  1359. 56:28physical device login and many web app
  1360. 56:31web app authentications that support
  1361. 56:33them. They are also not limited to
  1362. 56:35mobiles as they also work with PCs and
  1363. 56:37laptops. Hardware keys are often used as
  1364. 56:41a good option for protecting devices
  1365. 56:43holding highly sensitive data or
  1366. 56:45government data um which may be
  1367. 56:48particularly of interest to hackers.
  1368. 56:51Of course, passwords are only part of
  1369. 56:54the picture with protecting mobile
  1370. 56:56devices particularly corporate assets
  1371. 56:58assets which may hold sensitive data and
  1372. 57:01provide a way into the corporate network
  1373. 57:03if they're not properly secured. To get
  1374. 57:06a deeper view of corporate mobile
  1375. 57:07security best practice for your staff,
  1376. 57:10subscribe to the channel to get notified
  1377. 57:12for an upcoming awareness video on the
  1378. 57:14topic or drop a comment uh with your
  1379. 57:16email on the in the bottom of this video
  1380. 57:19to get notified.
  1381. 57:25So let's have a quick test of your
  1382. 57:27knowledge. The question here is which is
  1383. 57:29better security for a mobile device?
  1384. 57:32Choose two of the options.
  1385. 57:35So the answer in this slide is B and C
  1386. 57:38as they rely on physical elements i.e. a
  1387. 57:41facial scan and a physical key that you
  1388. 57:44must plug in. With regards to question A
  1389. 57:47or answer A rather while 12 character
  1390. 57:49complex passwords are strong, they're
  1391. 57:51still vulnerable to malware on your
  1392. 57:53device such as key loggers which hackers
  1393. 57:55can use to track your keystrokes in the
  1394. 57:57background.
  1395. 57:59Option D, complex login pattern is
  1396. 58:02weaker as well as it's vulnerable to
  1397. 58:03shoulder suffering and video
  1398. 58:05surveillance which may pick up your
  1399. 58:07thumb movements without your knowledge.
  1400. 58:10There's also an increased uh risk that
  1401. 58:12you'll forget the pattern and lock
  1402. 58:13yourself out permanently from the
  1403. 58:15device.
  1404. 58:18So in this slide I'm showing you a quick
  1405. 58:20guide on how to protect protect and
  1406. 58:22manage your passwords on all your
  1407. 58:23devices. The most important things to
  1408. 58:26pay attention to on this slide is to use
  1409. 58:28at least 16 characters if you're using
  1410. 58:31passwords, but consider switching to
  1411. 58:33long passphrases, which are more
  1412. 58:35practical to remember and harder to
  1413. 58:37crack. The fact is these days that the
  1414. 58:40computational power hackers have at
  1415. 58:42their disposal in cracking passwords is
  1416. 58:44immense and the 59% of passwords are
  1417. 58:47cracked in under an hour according to
  1418. 58:49the security firm Kaperski. So for your
  1419. 58:52online accounts, I highly recommend
  1420. 58:54password managers. You can see my pick
  1421. 58:57from password manager section of the
  1422. 58:59video. Although passwords and
  1423. 59:02passphrases can be strong, they're not
  1424. 59:04as good as multiffactor authentication
  1425. 59:06and biometrics. So take the time to
  1426. 59:09enable MFA whenever it's an option and
  1427. 59:12when using your phone. Don't rely on
  1428. 59:14passcodes or screen pattern login. Use
  1429. 59:17face recognition or fingerprint
  1430. 59:19identification.
  1431. 59:25So just quickly here just to remind you
  1432. 59:27that we have other training videos on
  1433. 59:29our channel like the ones you see here
  1434. 59:31on this slide on cyber security
  1435. 59:34awareness, fishing, data privacy and
  1436. 59:37many other topics. We also have a design
  1437. 59:40service for training content. And
  1438. 59:42lastly, you can join our weight list for
  1439. 59:44upcoming LMS type training for staff on
  1440. 59:47our site at datah privacy.io
  1441. 59:49AO/Weightlist.
  1442. 59:52So this is our LMS type training which
  1443. 59:54is offered for organization
  1444. 59:56organizations wanting to conduct more
  1445. 59:58formal modular training for employees
  1446. 1:00:01with the enrollment tracking features
  1447. 1:00:03certificates etc. You'll also find links
  1448. 1:00:07for these and free bonus reference
  1449. 1:00:09resources for this video in the
  1450. 1:00:11description which you may find useful.
  1451. 1:00:16Well, this brings us to a close on our
  1452. 1:00:18password security awareness
  1453. 1:00:20presentation. I hope you've learned a
  1454. 1:00:22thing or two that you will find useful
  1455. 1:00:23for your own devices. And remember to
  1456. 1:00:26subscribe to the channel. And if you're
  1457. 1:00:28looking for the full corporate LMS
  1458. 1:00:30version of this training, use the link
  1459. 1:00:33data privacy data privacy.io/weightlist.
  1460. 1:00:37The link is there on the screen to get
  1461. 1:00:40notified when it's published. Uh there
  1462. 1:00:42are links of course below the video uh
  1463. 1:00:44for different free resources and other
  1464. 1:00:47links to other training. And uh I thank
  1465. 1:00:50you for watching and I'll hope to see
  1466. 1:00:51you again in the next training video.
  1467. 1:00:53Thanks for watching.

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