Employee Password Security Awareness Training 2026 — Transcript
Full transcript
- 0:01Hello and welcome to another security
- 0:03awareness video. This time on everything
- 0:06to do with passwords and authentication.
- 0:08My name is Paul Rogers and I'm a cyber
- 0:10security pro with 30 years experience as
- 0:13an engineer and security governance
- 0:15expert and content creator for this
- 0:17channel. In this video, I hope to answer
- 0:20the most common questions you've been
- 0:21asking on the internet about passwords,
- 0:24such as what makes a good one? What are
- 0:27the different password attacks that are
- 0:28causing breaches? How to store
- 0:30passwords? What does MFA or multiffactor
- 0:33authentication do? And what is the best
- 0:36way to secure my phone? So, the video is
- 0:39broken into several chapters which means
- 0:41that you can jump to any particular area
- 0:43of interest to you or view the whole
- 0:45video to raise your general awareness of
- 0:47password technology. So, whatever suits
- 0:50your needs. So feel free to share this
- 0:52video with others that you think may
- 0:54benefit from this training such as
- 0:56colleagues and friends and also consider
- 0:58liking and subscribing to the channel to
- 1:00stay a breast of new security content
- 1:03notifications if you find it useful. I
- 1:06also encourage you to drop a comment on
- 1:08areas you'd like to see more videos on
- 1:10such as password cracking methods,
- 1:13hacking groups behind the biggest hacks,
- 1:15biggest breaches and how they happened
- 1:17or a breakdown of the cyber security
- 1:20jobs market. just let me know with a
- 1:22comment. So, let's get on with the
- 1:24presentation.
- 1:30This video is split up into four main
- 1:32sections designed to give you a view of
- 1:34each branch of password technology.
- 1:37In the first section on passwords, we
- 1:39cover the origins of passwords, the
- 1:42threats hackers pose to password
- 1:44security, the dos and don'ts of password
- 1:46selection, password attack types, and
- 1:50password technology variants, including
- 1:52passcodes, passphrases, and pass keys.
- 1:55In the section second section, we cover
- 1:57how to manage and store passwords
- 1:59securely with password managers and how
- 2:02we also do a comparison of five leading
- 2:05password manager products which you may
- 2:07find useful. Then in the third section,
- 2:10we focus on multiffac factor
- 2:12authentication and how it works along
- 2:14with its weaknesses. We also compare
- 2:16five leading MFA providers to help you
- 2:19choose one if you're in the market for
- 2:20one. And then finally, we look at mobile
- 2:23device security and which login methods
- 2:26work best for securing sensitive data.
- 2:29So pay attention to the chapters in the
- 2:30video timeline. And if you want to jump
- 2:32ahead at any time, you can do that. And
- 2:35of course, if you have any questions
- 2:36about any area, drop a comment below.
- 2:48Did you know the passwords first
- 2:50appeared in the 2n century BC or as they
- 2:53were referred to back then as
- 2:55watchwords. Back then the Roman military
- 2:58used these watchwords to identify f
- 3:00friend friend from foe with soldiers
- 3:02often receiving the day's password on a
- 3:04wooden tablet from a superior officer.
- 3:08This system was used for both military
- 3:09patrols and for securing campouts for
- 3:12hundreds of years and were most valuable
- 3:14on patrol night watches outside city
- 3:17gates where soldiers could recognize
- 3:19their comrades in the dark.
- 3:21Fast forward to World War I and two
- 3:24where we see another military
- 3:25application of pass passwords as code
- 3:27words and coded messages to exchange
- 3:30exchange military operational
- 3:32information between units and command
- 3:34nodes. Back then, Native Americans from
- 3:37at least 11 different tribes were
- 3:39employed by the US Army to use their
- 3:42native languages as a secure method of
- 3:44communication.
- 3:46Code talkers, as they were nicknamed,
- 3:48transmitted messages over military
- 3:50telephone or radio communication nets
- 3:53using formally or informally developed
- 3:55codes built upon their indigenous Native
- 3:57American languages. Their code was
- 4:00credited with some decisive victories
- 4:02and was never broken unlike the German
- 4:04Enigma machine.
- 4:07Later on in the 1960s, passwords
- 4:09formally evolved into the modern digital
- 4:12era in 1961 at MIT University.
- 4:16That's when professor Fernando Kbajo
- 4:18created passwords on a compatible time
- 4:21sharing system CTSS to allow multiple
- 4:25users to have private individual access
- 4:27to files on a shared mainframe computer.
- 4:31Then just over a decade later in 1973
- 4:34we see passwords created on the first
- 4:36internet system known as Arpanet by a
- 4:39British computer scientist called Peter
- 4:41Kerstein. Kerstein was in incidentally
- 4:45famous for co-creating the TCP protocol
- 4:48with Vint Surf and Bob KHN which was
- 4:51kind of important to the midm modern
- 4:52digital age to say the least.
- 4:55Since 1973 there was a host of
- 4:57developments around passwords including
- 4:59hashing hashing one-time passwords and
- 5:02cryptography developments. Then in 2017,
- 5:06Apple made a big leap forward from
- 5:09password only technology with the advent
- 5:11of facial recognition on mobile mobile
- 5:14devices, namely the iPhone X. This
- 5:17perhaps heralded the age of password
- 5:20passwordless login that we see today.
- 5:24Uh by the way, Gloria Exorcitis, um
- 5:27which you see here on the slide means
- 5:29glory of glory to the army. It's a
- 5:32saying that was often used between
- 5:34soldiers and appeared on Roman coins
- 5:36around 330 AD.
- 5:42Let's start here with a quick question
- 5:44to test your knowledge on passwords.
- 5:46It's okay if you don't know on the first
- 5:48guess, but by the end of this section, I
- 5:50hope you'll understand why the correct
- 5:52answer is C.
- 6:04In 2025, it's safe to say that most
- 6:06systems which use only passwords of
- 6:08average strength are no match for a
- 6:11determined hacker using password
- 6:13cracking tools and a good graphics
- 6:15graphics card or one of the many
- 6:17cloud-based cracking services like
- 6:19Crackstation and Go Crack. The truth is
- 6:22that modern password cracking tools
- 6:24enabled by AI powered smart guessing
- 6:26algorithms have made fast work of
- 6:29learning human behavior and how we
- 6:31create passwords.
- 6:33These algorithms work by calculating the
- 6:35frequency of various character
- 6:37combinations across millions of sample
- 6:39passwords ranging first from ranging
- 6:43first from the most common combinations
- 6:45and down to the rarest ones.
- 6:48According to the cyber security firm
- 6:50Kaperski,
- 6:51we rarely choose truly random passwords
- 6:55and our attempts at generating them pale
- 6:57in comparison to machines. We rely on
- 7:00common phrases, dates, names, street
- 7:03addresses, and patterns. Prei precisely
- 7:06what smart cracking algorithms are
- 7:08designed to exploit.
- 7:10Moreover, the human brain is such that
- 7:13if you ask a sample of folks to pick a
- 7:15number between 1 and 100, most will
- 7:18choose the same numbers. The YouTube
- 7:20channel Veritasium surf surveyed more
- 7:23than 200,000 people and found that the
- 7:27most popular numbers chosen to be 7, 37,
- 7:3142, 69, 73, and 77.
- 7:35So to further compound the problem with
- 7:37passwords, users tend to reuse the same
- 7:40passwords out of convenience across
- 7:42multiple applications and websites.
- 7:45Of course, hackers realize this as a
- 7:47common behavior and capitalize on it
- 7:49when cracking in to any account linked
- 7:51to you. Of course, cracking passwords is
- 7:55only one part of the problem, as there
- 7:57are other threats like social
- 7:59engineering, which we'll cover shortly.
- 8:04What you see here on the screen is some
- 8:07of the hacking methods a major crime uh
- 8:10group called Scattered Spider uses to
- 8:12hack businesses around the globe today.
- 8:16Scattered Spider is ranked as one of the
- 8:18most dangerous and active cyber crime
- 8:20gangs in the world at the moment and is
- 8:23linked to more than 100 targeted attacks
- 8:25across industries such as telecoms,
- 8:28finance, retail, and gaming. They've
- 8:30been linked to some high-profile
- 8:32ransomware attacks on Caesar's Palace
- 8:34and MGM resorts in Las Vegas and Markx
- 8:37and Spencer Hars Jaguar Land Rover and
- 8:41the Co-op in the UK. The group is one of
- 8:45a number of cyber gangs which are
- 8:46considered new age and comprised of
- 8:49mostly English-speaking teenage
- 8:51attackers. What's notable about this
- 8:53crime group is that they use more
- 8:55sophisticated attacks and a wider
- 8:57variety of tools than others.
- 9:00The gang relies heavily on social
- 9:02engineering t attacks, weak passwords,
- 9:05fake web domains, and SIM swapping
- 9:08techniques to bypass security controls
- 9:11and inject ransomware into
- 9:12organizations.
- 9:14Some known techniques they have used
- 9:16include posing as employees to gain
- 9:18access to computer rooms,
- 9:20using fake credentials gleaned from a
- 9:22LinkedIn profile, and other methods
- 9:25include duping employees to share their
- 9:27credentials over the phone by posing as
- 9:30tech support professionals and using
- 9:32fishing mails, fishing emails which were
- 9:34opened, which allowed employees with
- 9:36weak system passwords to be hacked on
- 9:38the network.
- 9:40The last issue of weak passwords is
- 9:42probably the most preventable one and is
- 9:44the one we're going to address in this
- 9:46presentation while showing you the
- 9:48options available to combat growing
- 9:50threats.
- 9:55In this slide, we're going to address
- 9:57the common question of what makes a
- 9:59strong password, i.e. the dos and
- 10:02don'ts.
- 10:03So on the column on the left, we're
- 10:05looking at the most current bad password
- 10:07practices based on research by security
- 10:10firms uh like NordPass.
- 10:12They advise that users should not use
- 10:15password, pass, secret, admin, login or
- 10:19any term that relates to a password or
- 10:21default login name like admin or
- 10:23administrator.
- 10:25The same goes for colloquial password
- 10:27terms like let me in, open sesame,
- 10:30welcome and others.
- 10:33Next, avoid number number alphabet or
- 10:37keyboard sequences like ABC D 1 2 3 4 1
- 10:41one one or querty anywhere in the
- 10:44password. So pass 1 2 3 4 or secret one
- 10:48one one would be examples of this. Then
- 10:52the advice not to use names, birthdays,
- 10:56years or place names. This is because
- 10:58password hacking tools will start with
- 11:00lists of this type of information in an
- 11:03effort to guess your password.
- 11:06Then the advice tells us not to use any
- 11:08animal names, story book type
- 11:10characters, sports team names or pop
- 11:13group or idol names in the password as
- 11:16again password cracking tools and
- 11:18hackers will use this information first
- 11:21in various types of attack attacks which
- 11:23we'll cover in the next slide.
- 11:25So then moving over to the do's column
- 11:27to the right, we see some password
- 11:29quality recommendations from uh
- 11:31government agencies like NIST and uh
- 11:34from Microsoft.
- 11:36So to answer a common question, how long
- 11:38should a password be? Well, the advice
- 11:41here is that the password should not be
- 11:43less than 16 characters. This used to be
- 11:4612, but is not considered strong enough
- 11:48anymore. The complexity of the password
- 11:51is key. So, passwords with a combination
- 11:54of upper case and lowercase characters
- 11:57with numbers and symbols makes them
- 11:58difficult to crack even with automated
- 12:00cracking tools.
- 12:02The next piece of advice is to answer
- 12:04the question, is it safe to reuse
- 12:07passwords? And of course, uh the answer
- 12:09to that is no. It's not safe to reuse
- 12:12the same or similar passwords on your
- 12:14accounts. This goes for all your work
- 12:16and personal accounts, plus any Wi-Fi
- 12:19passwords, email accounts, and anything
- 12:21else. Using the same password on your
- 12:23accounts makes the job easier for
- 12:25hackers if they breach just one of your
- 12:28accounts.
- 12:29Microsoft advises not to use any uh
- 12:32words found in the dictionary, people's
- 12:35names, character names, product names,
- 12:37or organization names as they are all
- 12:40likely to be included in password lists
- 12:42which hackers use.
- 12:45I know at this point that this can seem
- 12:47a bit overwhelming to remember when
- 12:49creating uh your password, which is why
- 12:51there are certain techniques that make
- 12:53things easier, such as using passphrases
- 12:56and password generation tools, which
- 12:59we'll discuss in upcoming slides.
- 13:02I would highly recommend investing in a
- 13:04password manager, which most of all
- 13:07includes a which most importantly
- 13:10includes password generator
- 13:11functionality.
- 13:13Uh the security company Nordpass stated
- 13:15that in 2024 the average person has 168
- 13:20personal passwords and 87 business
- 13:23passwords totaling a whopping 255
- 13:27accounts on average. You can see how
- 13:30problems could arise trying to manually
- 13:32set and update unique passwords for all
- 13:34of these. It's worth mentioning here
- 13:37that this list of dos and don'ts is not
- 13:40exhaustive. There are many other
- 13:42important considerations particularly in
- 13:44corporate environments when it comes to
- 13:46work work passwords such as password
- 13:48rotation, lockout and history policies
- 13:51in Windows and Unix environments. But
- 13:54you can subscribe to this channel to get
- 13:55notified on upcoming corporate best
- 13:58practice training for these uh type of
- 14:01advice or drop your contact email in the
- 14:04description so you get notified of any
- 14:06uh videos relating to this.
- 14:14So, before I cover the most common
- 14:16password attack methods, if I could ask
- 14:18you to consider subscribing to this
- 14:20channel. Your support allows me to
- 14:22continue creating and publishing free
- 14:24content like this regularly to help
- 14:26those interested in learning about cyber
- 14:28security. And of course, if you'd like
- 14:30to discuss your training needs in the
- 14:32area of cyber security, a link for that
- 14:34is in the description. So, now back to
- 14:37the presentation. Here are six
- 14:39well-known password attack methods.
- 14:41Starting with brute force. What is a
- 14:44brute force attack? Well, simply put,
- 14:46it's an automated attack method on
- 14:48passwords and encryption keys using
- 14:50different combinations of characters
- 14:53until the correct combination is found.
- 14:56It uses tools like John the Ripper,
- 14:58AirCrackng, and Loftrack, which attack
- 15:02password hash files found in operating
- 15:04system folders on Windows and Unix
- 15:07machines.
- 15:08This type of tool takes lots of
- 15:10processing power, but can be accelerated
- 15:12by multiple graphics cards and online
- 15:15dedicated cloud ser services to crack
- 15:17passwords quickly, particularly ones
- 15:20with eight characters or less. In
- 15:22practice, hackers may often copy a
- 15:25Windows SAM database or a NTDS.dit
- 15:29file um and use a tool offline tool to
- 15:33crack passwords on the local machine.
- 15:36Hackers will pay particular attention to
- 15:38any uh user accounts with administrative
- 15:41privileges as this allows them to
- 15:43install malware and connect into other
- 15:45mach machines such as important servers.
- 15:48A password hash, by the way, is a
- 15:50one-way encrypted version of a password
- 15:53that is stored in a database instead of
- 15:55a plain text password.
- 15:58This process uses a cryptographic
- 16:00function to transform a password into a
- 16:02unique fixed length string of characters
- 16:05that cannot be reversed. So it's
- 16:07basically a way of systems avoiding
- 16:09storing passwords and plain texts which
- 16:12would obviously make them vulnerable to
- 16:13hackers.
- 16:15So in the second form of attack, a
- 16:17dictionary attack, it's a type of attack
- 16:19where a tool like John the Ripper again
- 16:21will use a list of common passwords,
- 16:24dictionary words or work from lists of
- 16:26compromised credentials from the dark
- 16:28web to test against against account
- 16:31loginins.
- 16:33This is relatively relatively fast form
- 16:35of attack as it's working from known
- 16:37lists which are loaded into the app and
- 16:39are processed quickly.
- 16:41So then next on our list of attacks is
- 16:44rainbow tables. What are rainbow tables?
- 16:47Well, they are essentially lists of
- 16:49precomputed tables of hash values and
- 16:52they're matching plain text passwords.
- 16:54So if the hash can be looked up in a
- 16:56rainbow table, the plain text version
- 16:59will be revealed. Typical tools like
- 17:02rainbow crack, John the Ripper, and
- 17:03Brutus can be used for this process.
- 17:07This form of attack used to be used to
- 17:09be more common but has been defeated
- 17:11most of the time with the addition of
- 17:12salting of hashes.
- 17:15Sultting is a security measure that adds
- 17:17a unique random string of characters,
- 17:19assault if you want to say, to each
- 17:21password before it's hashed.
- 17:24This ensures that even if two users have
- 17:26the same password, the resulting hashes
- 17:29will be different. If you want to learn
- 17:31more about the technical details of all
- 17:33of this, there is a downloadable uh link
- 17:35to a down downloadable document with
- 17:38external references for this slide in
- 17:40the description.
- 17:42So in the next form of attack,
- 17:44credential stuffing. It's a technique
- 17:47used by hackers to reuse a user's stolen
- 17:50credentials on other accounts that may
- 17:52be linked to them. Hackers are well
- 17:54aware that users tend to use the same
- 17:57passwords across many accounts. This
- 18:00might look like a user using the same
- 18:02password for logging into their Netflix
- 18:04and Amazon Prime accounts. So if a list
- 18:08of Netflix use Netflix user accounts and
- 18:10passwords were leaked on the dark web, a
- 18:13hacker may look for other accounts
- 18:15linked to that user or users that they
- 18:18may be interested and then try a similar
- 18:20username with the same password on
- 18:22Amazon. This is a very common attack
- 18:25method. So, next on our list is password
- 18:28spraying or as it's called reverse brute
- 18:31force attack. It involves an attacker
- 18:34trying a single commonly occurring
- 18:36password against a large list of
- 18:38usernames to find a match. This of
- 18:41course uh is the opposite of a normal
- 18:44brids attack which tries many passwords
- 18:47against a single username.
- 18:50Usually attackers will leverage
- 18:51passwords discovered in large data
- 18:53breaches and test them against a list of
- 18:55users in a company database at a low
- 18:58frequency level to avoid an account
- 19:00lockout. Hence they are difficult to to
- 19:03detect.
- 19:05So sticking on this point of account
- 19:06lockout after covering five account
- 19:09attack methods so far it's always
- 19:11advisable to set an aggressive account
- 19:14lockout policy on your device. So, three
- 19:17attempts would be an appropriate setting
- 19:19here before an account lockout would
- 19:21occur. For very sensitive systems, a
- 19:24call to support staff may be required to
- 19:26unlock the account, similar to a banking
- 19:29app, which would require you to call
- 19:30into customer service.
- 19:33So, the last attack method has become
- 19:36the go-to method for cyber criminal
- 19:38gangs to get employee passwords and
- 19:41banking credentials quickly. This, of
- 19:43course, is social engineering.
- 19:46Social engineering as you know uh uses
- 19:49psychological tactics to manipulate
- 19:51people into taking a desired action like
- 19:53giving up confidential information such
- 19:56as passwords and pins.
- 19:58It can be conducted by email, social
- 20:00media, phone or in person and is now
- 20:03increasingly facilitated by AI
- 20:05technologies to make these attacks more
- 20:08realistic and deceptive.
- 20:11The security firm Proof Point estimates
- 20:13that social engineering may account for
- 20:1598% of cyber attacks, while other
- 20:18sources place it between 70 and 90%.
- 20:21Whichever statistic you believe, it's a
- 20:24critical issue in cyber security.
- 20:27There are a few other attack methods
- 20:28that I could cover here such as key
- 20:30loggers, man-in-the-middle attacks, mask
- 20:34mass password attacks, cerber roasting,
- 20:37which I might may include in an upcoming
- 20:39video on password cracking methods in a
- 20:42more of a deep dive on these types of
- 20:44attacks. Let me know if you'd like to
- 20:46see more in anformational video about
- 20:49other attacks. Uh if you want to go
- 20:52ahead and comment in the description and
- 20:54of course subscribe to the channel so
- 20:56you get notified when the new video
- 20:57drops.
- 20:59I would uh recommend some o of our other
- 21:01videos on fishing for which there are
- 21:03links at the end of the video where we
- 21:05cover many attack types and
- 21:07methodologies under the social
- 21:09engineering banner.
- 21:15So, it's a fact that most people and
- 21:17companies are not aware when and how
- 21:20often their passwords are breached and
- 21:21end up for sale on the dark web. It's
- 21:24known that more than 24 billion
- 21:26credentials are exposed each year in
- 21:29data breaches and h and about half of
- 21:31the affected parties use the same
- 21:33password 14 times.
- 21:36Cyber experts are attributing the rise
- 21:38of info stealer malware such as Luma C2
- 21:42to the dramatic rise in credential theft
- 21:45which can be delivered through fishing
- 21:46emails, malicious sites, and software
- 21:48downloads.
- 21:50So, how do you check if your password
- 21:52has been hacked and get notified about
- 21:54future hacks? Well, let's start with
- 21:56some free tools you can start using
- 21:58straight away. The first of which is
- 22:00Google Password Checkup.
- 22:03This one is simple and involves visiting
- 22:05passwords.google.com/checkupstart
- 22:10and logging into your Google account to
- 22:12check if it's been involved in any data
- 22:14breaches.
- 22:16The tool will then check your Chrome
- 22:18browser for stored credentials to
- 22:19compare with Google security databases
- 22:22and generate a detailed report with
- 22:23compromised passwords. It will also tell
- 22:26you about reused passwords and weak
- 22:28passwords, which is a handy preventative
- 22:31feature designed to limit your exposure
- 22:33to future breaches.
- 22:36The next free tool is have I have I been
- 22:39pawned, which will give you a report on
- 22:41data breaches since 2012 in instances
- 22:44where your email address and password
- 22:46were found in a data breach. So in my
- 22:49case, I noticed LinkedIn, Adobe, Drop,
- 22:52Dropbox, Twitter, and a few companies I
- 22:54didn't even know about uh which were
- 22:56included in data breaches, including
- 22:59People Data Labs, PDL, and the Post
- 23:01Millennial. This shows us the lack of
- 23:05control we really have over security
- 23:06once we create a login anywhere online.
- 23:10Then the next tool uh comes from
- 23:11Mozilla, which is also free. It provides
- 23:14many of the same results as have I been
- 23:17pawned, but it has a nice step-by-step
- 23:20remediation tool which takes you through
- 23:22all the remediation steps that you need.
- 23:25I'd recommend using all three tools and
- 23:27making a physical note of accounts
- 23:28you've fixed as you go along so you
- 23:31don't duplicate effort. Next, we move
- 23:33into the paid tools category, starting
- 23:35with Macaffy. Macaffy uh identity
- 23:39monitoring is more of a personal to tool
- 23:41to notify you of more types of threats.
- 23:45From its own website, it says, "We'll
- 23:47monitor the dark web for your personal
- 23:49info, including email, government IDs,
- 23:51credit cards, and bank account numbers,
- 23:54and more." It also says will help uh
- 23:58keep your personal info safe with early
- 24:00alerts if your data is found in the dark
- 24:02web an average of 10 months ahead of
- 24:06similar services. The full list of data
- 24:09that it monitors includes social
- 24:10security numbers at government IDs,
- 24:12driver's license numbers, passport
- 24:14numbers, tax IDs, dates of birth, credit
- 24:18card numbers, bank account numbers,
- 24:20usernames, insurance ID cards, email
- 24:22addresses, and phone numbers.
- 24:25They have three different uh plans which
- 24:27you can view on the link provided on the
- 24:30screen. So then last on our list is an
- 24:33enterprise project product which uh some
- 24:35of my business viewers might be
- 24:37interested in. The product comes from a
- 24:40company called recorded future and the
- 24:42name of the product is dark web
- 24:43intelligence.
- 24:45So their platform describes their
- 24:47product as a solution which enables you
- 24:49to automate the identific identification
- 24:51of proprietary data or loss credentials
- 24:54on dark marketplaces as well as mentions
- 24:58of your company brands or
- 25:00infrastructure.
- 25:02It also allows companies to uncover new
- 25:04and emerging exploits and malode tools
- 25:07relevant to your technology stack been
- 25:09developed and traded in dark web
- 25:11locations.
- 25:13One source on the web says threat
- 25:15intelligence uh cost for two user users
- 25:18is roughly $281,000
- 25:21over a three-year period license I
- 25:23guess. So this would place the product
- 25:26obviously in the high-end enterprise
- 25:28bracket. So obviously plan accordingly
- 25:31if you're in the market for something
- 25:33like that.
- 25:42A common question about password is
- 25:44what's the difference between them and
- 25:45passcodes and which one is better? Well,
- 25:48the answer to the first part of the
- 25:50question about the difference between
- 25:51the two is that passcodes are typically
- 25:54short numeric codes often used in
- 25:57banking apps or for fast access to a
- 26:00device such as you might see when
- 26:02unlocking your phone or a unlocking a
- 26:04screen saver. A password on the other
- 26:07hand is usually longer with a more
- 26:09complex string of characters, numbers,
- 26:11special characters which you use to log
- 26:14into operating systems, online accounts,
- 26:16apps as we've seen in previous slides.
- 26:19Passwords are more secure due to their
- 26:21secure your complexity and ability to
- 26:24set policies for. Whereas passcodes are
- 26:26convenient but less secure when they're
- 26:29used on their own with any without any
- 26:31other form of authentication.
- 26:33So, it's quite common to see passcodes
- 26:35used as a secondary form of
- 26:37authentication after first being
- 26:39verified through another means. So, what
- 26:42does that look like? Well, if you've
- 26:45ever signed up for an online banking on
- 26:47your phone, you will first enroll your
- 26:49phone once with the registration number,
- 26:52perhaps your account details, password,
- 26:54and a user generated uh passcode. And
- 26:57then every time after that you access
- 27:00your account details through your
- 27:02banking app just with the passcode on
- 27:04its own for speed of use.
- 27:17So another common question is how do I
- 27:19make my passwords more secure?
- 27:22Well, a common method is through the use
- 27:24of passphrases which are made up of
- 27:27unrelated words but are easily memorable
- 27:30to the user. A passphrase example like
- 27:34railway, sky, Venus, mountain is easy to
- 27:37remember and is actually 26 characters
- 27:40long and therefore considered strong as
- 27:43they're a lot harder to guess when
- 27:44compared to normal passwords which are
- 27:47crackable on average within an hour
- 27:49using a cracking tools like John the
- 27:51Ripper. uh statistic actually out there
- 27:54is that uh most normal passwords are
- 27:58cracked 59% of the time within just an
- 28:01hour.
- 28:03So passphrases can be further enhanced
- 28:05with pins and biometrics
- 28:08like Apple's face ID and thumbrint
- 28:11identification as seen quite commonly uh
- 28:13used in banking apps and in crypto
- 28:16wallets making them extremely strong.
- 28:20While passphrases are superior to
- 28:22passwords, there are a few potential
- 28:24weaknesses to be aware of. Like
- 28:26password, past phrases have many of the
- 28:29same vulnerabilities as passwords do.
- 28:32Passwords do as they are vulnerable to
- 28:34social engineering and insecure storage
- 28:37practices. This means that users may be
- 28:40duped into sharing their password with
- 28:42fake uh websites and hackers who may
- 28:45trick you into believing they're
- 28:47legitimate. So passphrases on their own
- 28:50are vulnerable to the same data breaches
- 28:52as regular passwords when dumps of
- 28:54breached credentials appear on lists on
- 28:57the dark web.
- 28:59Users may also make the mistake of
- 29:01reusing the same passphrase ac across
- 29:03multiple accounts and use predictable
- 29:06phrases like the lyrics of a song. And
- 29:09then lastly, passphrases can sometimes
- 29:11cause annoyance to users who have to
- 29:14type them in, particularly on devices
- 29:15like TVs where remote controls may be
- 29:18used to type them out. This can lead to
- 29:21users rejecting their use and opting for
- 29:23short passwords uh for speed instead.
- 29:34The second method uh for you securing
- 29:36your password is through the use of pass
- 29:38keys. Pass keys are big text answer to
- 29:43passwordless login. Uh you might have
- 29:45noticed them being used by Google,
- 29:48Amazon, eBay, Revolute and other big
- 29:51techs. They are designed to help prevent
- 29:54fishing and the problem of sharing the
- 29:56same password across multiple web apps
- 29:58and services.
- 30:00They work by using a one-time enrollment
- 30:02process where users use their face,
- 30:05thumbrint, pattern, or pin to link a
- 30:08device to a service such as Google
- 30:10Password Manager. Once this is done,
- 30:12users can entirely avoid using a type
- 30:15password to access Google services from
- 30:17then on.
- 30:19Pass keys have the advantage of being
- 30:21faster than typing a password. Uh more
- 30:24secure in that they are resistant to
- 30:25password guessing. uh they prevent
- 30:28password reuse and provide protection
- 30:31against fishing attacks. So in a fishing
- 30:33attack, a user unintentionally enters
- 30:35their real password on a deceptive
- 30:37website created usually created by a
- 30:40cyber criminal. This doesn't work with
- 30:42pass keys. Uh the keys we mentioned
- 30:44earlier only work uh on the URL of the
- 30:48real app or website. So this prevents
- 30:51fishing. Then there's the fact that pass
- 30:54keys are stored locally on your device.
- 30:56Which means that unlike your password
- 30:58which may get hacked in a big databach
- 31:01on a server you probably never heard of,
- 31:03pass keys are stored on your local
- 31:05device which is a much smaller target
- 31:08for hackers.
- 31:10Pass keys are not invulnerable though as
- 31:12concerns have been raised about the
- 31:14difficulty in implementing them in
- 31:15organizations and the fact that the
- 31:18underlying protocol called web o w
- 31:23au t hn uh on which pass keys are based
- 31:27is inherently very insecure.
- 31:31So for those companies who are willing
- 31:32to make the move away from pass
- 31:34passwords, pass keys are much more
- 31:36secure than usergenerated passwords and
- 31:39expect them to be rolled out uh more and
- 31:42more as they move towards a passwordless
- 31:44login um environment on the internet.
- 31:52Another question that comes up
- 31:53frequently is are password recovery
- 31:56questions a secure method of
- 31:58authentication.
- 32:00Well, the short answer is no. Uh but you
- 32:04may still encounter them on uh websites
- 32:06that are used but mostly as a legacy
- 32:09feature. The fact is that many times
- 32:12these answers, these password recovery
- 32:14answers can be discovered through social
- 32:16media searches, public record searches
- 32:19and even social engineering.
- 32:21The prepared preferred method of
- 32:23recovery is through password reset
- 32:25emails uh with an embedded tokenized
- 32:28link and a short expiration timeout.
- 32:31Many companies such as Google and
- 32:33Microsoft will add a second layer of
- 32:35authentication on top of these uh
- 32:38recovery emails through the use of a
- 32:40one-time password generated by an
- 32:42authenticator app to for further secure
- 32:45the process. So, in effect, it's a a
- 32:48form of two-factor authentication that
- 32:49you will see out there quite a lot um in
- 32:52the password recovery um efforts
- 32:55particularly by big companies like
- 32:56Microsoft.
- 33:02So, just quickly on this slide, the main
- 33:04cyber security questions for 2025
- 33:07circling around the internet fell into
- 33:09four categories this year. Those
- 33:11categories were a AI powered attacks, b
- 33:15quantum computing threats, c supply
- 33:18supply chain vulnerabilities, and d r
- 33:20ransomware as a service. So with data
- 33:23breaches in the US now costing companies
- 33:25an average 10.22 billion and the global
- 33:29cost of ransomware projected to hit 57
- 33:32billion uh by the end of 2025, you may
- 33:35be interested to hear more on one or
- 33:37more about the latest forms of threats.
- 33:40That's why I encourage you to drop a
- 33:41comment below with your choice or
- 33:43choices of topics and subscribe to the
- 33:46channel to get notified when the next
- 33:48video is published about one of these
- 33:49categories. Remember, we can also create
- 33:52awareness presentations for corporate
- 33:54customers on any of these top topics. So
- 33:57again, let me know in the com comment
- 33:59section if any of these uh may be of
- 34:01interest to you.
- 34:18In this slide, we answered the question,
- 34:21how should I store my passwords?
- 34:23Well, the best answer to that question
- 34:25is probably with the use of password
- 34:28managers.
- 34:29Password managers are programs that
- 34:31allow you to store account passwords and
- 34:33other personal information such as
- 34:35credit card numbers, addresses, phone
- 34:37numbers, and secure notes in encrypted
- 34:40form. The data, this data is stored in a
- 34:44password vault either locally or in the
- 34:46cloud and is typically accessed with the
- 34:49master password authenticator app or
- 34:52biometric data like a facial scan or
- 34:54fingerprint for strong security.
- 34:57So beyond the peace of mind that comes
- 34:59with having all your passwords stored
- 35:01securely, password managers will
- 35:03autofill your in login information on
- 35:05websites they recognize, allowing you to
- 35:08access all your accounts seamlessly.
- 35:11So why do you need a password manager?
- 35:14Well, according to Microsoft, many
- 35:15people use weak passwords that are
- 35:17easily guessed and reused on several
- 35:20different websites, making them targets
- 35:23for hacking and identity theft. When you
- 35:26use the same password for any of your
- 35:28email, bank, social media, or healthcare
- 35:30accounts, an identity thief who may have
- 35:33found just one of your login information
- 35:36on the dark web would be able to test
- 35:38the same password against any other
- 35:40accounts they may discover on a list or
- 35:43by searching on Google. So, what are
- 35:45some other benefits of a password
- 35:47manager? Well, password managers let you
- 35:50create strong, unique passwords for you
- 35:53for each of your accounts and let those
- 35:55passwords be automatically filled in
- 35:57when you go to use them. Using the
- 35:59autofill feature for each site you have
- 36:02an account with saves you time.
- 36:05Password managers also protect your
- 36:06identity by checking dark websites for
- 36:09stolen credentials and email addresses.
- 36:12So, the sad fact is that millions of
- 36:14online users have their passwords, email
- 36:16addresses, and more stolen every year
- 36:18due to companies being breached and
- 36:21never being informed about it. Password
- 36:23managers will alert users if their
- 36:25details show up in online dark
- 36:27marketplaces and alert them to change
- 36:30them immediately and check with credit
- 36:31reporting service providers to check for
- 36:34fraud.
- 36:35Password managers can also let you know
- 36:37about fishing sites. So passwords stored
- 36:40in a password manager manager vault are
- 36:42matched to a specific URL when first
- 36:44created. So if you land in a cloned
- 36:46fishing site such as a fake banking
- 36:48site, the credentials won't work and
- 36:50you'll get an alert, thus keeping your
- 36:52personal information safe from criminals
- 36:54who are trying to steal your personal
- 36:56information.
- 36:58So with so many of us using hundreds of
- 37:00personal and work accounts and the need
- 37:03to keep password unique and strong,
- 37:05password managers fill an essential gap
- 37:07and give you peace of mind. In the next
- 37:09slide, we'll look at five popular
- 37:11password managers and what they can
- 37:13offer.
- 37:19So in this section I'm going to compare
- 37:21some top password managers ranked by
- 37:23names such as uh by gardener PC Mag and
- 37:26a few other rating agencies. I feel this
- 37:29is an important exercise as password
- 37:31protection gives you perhaps the best
- 37:33bang for buck defense against hackers
- 37:36and you get to see some of the other
- 37:37benefits which you might not have
- 37:39thought of. I'm also going to include a
- 37:42link in the description with further
- 37:43information on each of the brands
- 37:45mentioned here as there are a lot of
- 37:47extra information to share if you want
- 37:48to dive deeper into getting getting one
- 37:51of these products yourself. And
- 37:53remember, if you'd like to see a video
- 37:55just about password managers and their
- 37:57features, comment below and say yes, I'd
- 38:00like to see a video on password managers
- 38:03and I'll line something up.
- 38:08So in this chart chart we looked at 10
- 38:11areas for each of the password man
- 38:13managers mentioned in the previous slide
- 38:15which were last pass Dashlane keeper one
- 38:19password and bit warden. Each of these
- 38:22names are wellestablished players in the
- 38:24field and compete closely with each
- 38:25other on password features with slight
- 38:28variations on free versus paid elements
- 38:31and what each product is known to
- 38:33specialize in. So you'll notice that
- 38:35there are annotations with asterisks
- 38:37such as asterisk 1, asterisk 2, etc. in
- 38:41various locations. These annotations
- 38:43link to the information beneath the
- 38:45chart. So for example, you see asterisk
- 38:48one beside LastPass, which links to the
- 38:50notation at the bottom, best known for
- 38:53ease of use by Consumer Reports.
- 38:55However, they suffered a data breach in
- 38:56222 which eroded customer trust. And
- 39:00then asterisk 2 is for Dashlane which is
- 39:04in in quotes considered best known for
- 39:06security features and so on.
- 39:09So what I recommend is that you pause
- 39:11the video at any point to read the notes
- 39:13to read over everything and I'll weigh
- 39:16in with my opinion based on all the
- 39:18expert reviews.
- 39:20As I mentioned in the previous slide,
- 39:22I'm going to include a link in the
- 39:23description with more information
- 39:25including pricing on each of these
- 39:26features as there's a bit of depth here
- 39:29in explaining each one.
- 39:31I'll start with ruling out the ones that
- 39:33would be uh no for me and why. So, let's
- 39:38go ahead then with the review.
- 39:40Firstly, LastPass is a good product, but
- 39:42clearly having suffered a large data
- 39:44breach in 2022, which exposed the data
- 39:47on 33 million individual users and
- 39:50100,000 businesses and also the fact
- 39:53that they had to revise their story on
- 39:55what actually compromise, what the
- 39:56actual compromise was means that the
- 39:59product really is a non-starter for me.
- 40:02Then Dashlane uh gets three dings
- 40:05against it based on price having an
- 40:08awkward emergency access procedure and
- 40:11then no secure notes on mobile devices
- 40:14which I believe is important. Emergency
- 40:16access is a feature in password managers
- 40:18that allows a trusted contact such as
- 40:20your spouse to gain access to your
- 40:23password vault in case of emergencies
- 40:25such as death or incapacitation
- 40:28which obviously can be very important
- 40:29should should the worst happen. While
- 40:32secure notes are encrypted digital nodes
- 40:34stored within a password manage manager
- 40:37designed to hold sensitive information
- 40:40that doesn't fit in a standard password
- 40:42field. They protect data like software
- 40:44licenses, pins, security question
- 40:46answers, and account numbers keeping
- 40:49keeping it safe and organized along with
- 40:51other credentials.
- 40:54The next product I would uh say no to is
- 40:56Bit Warden. Due to a lack of important
- 40:58functionality in the dark web monitoring
- 41:00department. As you'll remember from
- 41:03previous slides, this feature allow
- 41:05allows monitoring of dark websites for
- 41:07lists of breach passwords and email
- 41:09addresses which may be for sale. So
- 41:12having live alerting of a breach is of
- 41:14critical importance. So you can respond
- 41:17by changing your your account passwords.
- 41:20This leaves us with keeper and one
- 41:22password which are closely matched.
- 41:25However, as one password does not have
- 41:27email breach uh monitoring as part of
- 41:29its offering which I think makes that a
- 41:31significant flaw. This leaves us with
- 41:34keeper which would make my
- 41:35recommendation given its all round
- 41:37feature set and competitive pricing. Of
- 41:40course, if you have your opinion on
- 41:41these products or others or feel that
- 41:43there's another password manager that is
- 41:45better than any of these, drop a comment
- 41:47below with your experience.
- 41:59So, up to now we've mostly covered
- 42:01single factor authentication methods,
- 42:03namely passwords, passphrases, and pass
- 42:05keys. Now it's time to discuss MFA or
- 42:09multiffactor authentication as it stands
- 42:11for. So what is multiffactor
- 42:13authentication?
- 42:15Well, it's a general term for login
- 42:17security which involves two or more
- 42:19authentication methods which are needed
- 42:22to gain access to a system. The method
- 42:25can be used for something you know,
- 42:27something you have or something you are.
- 42:30So let's explain what that looks like.
- 42:33So let's say you want to log into your
- 42:35workplace uh from home. Well, with multi
- 42:38multiffactor authentication, you will
- 42:40probably first connect via an app on
- 42:42your device like uh using Cisco secure
- 42:44client or checkpoint secure remote
- 42:47access or something like that which will
- 42:49prompt you first for to enter a username
- 42:52and a password and then secondly it will
- 42:55look for something else like a code from
- 42:56a text message, a onetime password from
- 42:59an anti- authenticator app or hardware
- 43:02token. So in this scenario, the username
- 43:05and password is something you know and
- 43:07the device used to receive or generate
- 43:09the code is something you have which
- 43:11constitutes multiffactor authentication.
- 43:15This second form of authentication
- 43:17effectively means that even if your
- 43:18username and password are leaked out
- 43:20onto the dark web or a hacker has
- 43:22managed to place malware onto your
- 43:24machine with the intention of stealing
- 43:26your credentials that these attacks will
- 43:28probably fail.
- 43:30So there are a range of corporate and
- 43:32personal MFA products which are popular
- 43:35in this space. A few common free ones
- 43:38are phone authenticator apps like Google
- 43:40authenticator and Microsoft
- 43:42authenticator which generate a new code
- 43:44every 60 seconds. Then we have other
- 43:48types of MFA technology including
- 43:50physical key fobs and hardware keys
- 43:53which plug into USB ports on uh mobile
- 43:56devices.
- 43:57We then also have voice-based
- 43:59authentication which is offered through
- 44:01services like Microsoft Entra ID where
- 44:04users are validated through an automated
- 44:06phone attendant which makes an outbound
- 44:08outbound call to the user for
- 44:10verification.
- 44:12In the next two slides, I'll show you
- 44:14some weaknesses in the technology and a
- 44:16comparison chart of five top MFA
- 44:19providers and their feature sets.
- 44:26So let's look at some MFA weaknesses. So
- 44:29MFA technology is not 100% f foolproof.
- 44:33So let's look at some five known common
- 44:35weaknesses uh through its use. The first
- 44:38one I want to talk about is SIM
- 44:40swapping. So what what's what is that?
- 44:43SIM swapping is a type of fraud where a
- 44:45hacker tricks a mobile carrier into
- 44:48transferring a victim's phone number to
- 44:50a new SIM card that the hacker controls.
- 44:53So if the hacker succeeds, it allows
- 44:55them to intercept one-time passwords and
- 44:58other authentication codes via SMS,
- 45:01thereby bypassing multiffactor
- 45:03authentication and gaining un
- 45:05unauthorized access to the victim's work
- 45:07account login or banking apps, email or
- 45:11cryptocurrency wallets.
- 45:13Some hackers will go one step further by
- 45:15performing account takeovers where they
- 45:17use these codes to reset passwords and
- 45:20take over the victim's account causing
- 45:22significant harm to individuals and
- 45:24businesses.
- 45:26Second on our list is social engineering
- 45:29which may involve different techniques
- 45:30to deceive users into taking an action
- 45:33to allow hackers to bypass multiffactor
- 45:35authentication.
- 45:37Two commonly used methods are called
- 45:39prompt bombing and service desk attacks.
- 45:43Uh, prompt bombing is an attack method
- 45:45where attackers will send out repeated
- 45:47requests to a victim's phone, asking
- 45:49them to approve a login until the victim
- 45:52gives in and approves the login out of
- 45:54annoyance.
- 45:55Attackers will usually already have the
- 45:57victim's login and password before
- 45:59attempting the this maneuver, and
- 46:01attackers may spoof where the request
- 46:03for authentication came from to make it
- 46:05look like their employer, bank, or other
- 46:07trusted party trusted party initiated
- 46:10it.
- 46:11In the case of service desk attacks,
- 46:13hackers may call a corporate help desk
- 46:15using a ruse that they're an employee
- 46:18who's lost their phone or can't access
- 46:20their authenticator app and need a code
- 46:22to access their work or banking app.
- 46:25Normally, the hacker will have
- 46:26sufficient identity information on the
- 46:28victim to convince the help desk that
- 46:30they are in fact who they say they are.
- 46:33These tactics have been linked to cyber
- 46:35crime groups like scattered sky
- 46:37scattered spider and octopus.
- 46:40specifically the attack and NGM grand
- 46:42which we mentioned earlier in the video.
- 46:44Use the service desk attack to gain
- 46:46access to their network. If you want to
- 46:49hear more about these two groups and
- 46:51their history of attacks and methods,
- 46:52drop a comment below and I'll include
- 46:54them in an upcoming video.
- 46:56So then number three on our list is an
- 46:58adversary in the middle attack.
- 47:00Sometimes referred to as
- 47:01man-in-the-middle attacks. So in this
- 47:03case, users may land on a lookalike
- 47:05banking website, fake login screen, or a
- 47:08fake social media site after clicking on
- 47:10a fishing link or downloading malware.
- 47:13At this point, unsuspecting users may be
- 47:15duped into entering in their two-factor
- 47:18codes for authentication, believing the
- 47:20app or website to be legitimate.
- 47:23Meanwhile, hackers are waiting and
- 47:24deploy a method called 2FA or two-factor
- 47:27authentication pass on to simultaneously
- 47:30use these codes to authenticate on a on
- 47:33the real site, thereby defeating the
- 47:34multi- factor uh challenge.
- 47:38Again, once they're into your account,
- 47:40they can take it over, change passwords,
- 47:42drain funds, etc., leaving the victim
- 47:45not suspecting they've done anything
- 47:46wrong. An example of this tactic has
- 47:49been used by e-crime groups such as
- 47:51storm 1167
- 47:54who are known for create crafting fake
- 47:56Microsoft authentication pages to
- 47:59harvest credentials where they mimic the
- 48:00MFA step of the Microsoft login process
- 48:04prompting the victim to put in their MFA
- 48:06code and grant the attacker access. From
- 48:09there they gain access to a legitimate
- 48:11email account and can use it as a
- 48:13platform for a multi-stage fishing
- 48:15attack.
- 48:17So then number four is session hijacking
- 48:20which involves taking over active user
- 48:22accounts through stolen cookies or API
- 48:24tokens allowing them to impersonate
- 48:27legitimate users access sensitive system
- 48:30systems and execute ransomware attacks
- 48:33all while flying under the radar of
- 48:35traditional security tools.
- 48:37So how does it work? An attacker uses
- 48:40eaves drop eavesdropping to monitor
- 48:42legitimate user sessions such as a
- 48:44connection to a banking site or an
- 48:46employee VPN session into their work
- 48:48environment. The ta attacker then uses
- 48:50malware or cross-ite scripting to steal
- 48:53that cookie or token stored in the
- 48:55victim's machine thereby bypassing MFA
- 48:59and impersonating the legitimate user in
- 49:01in their active session effectively
- 49:03taking over their account. As you can
- 49:05see perhaps why at this point that
- 49:07hacking groups are difficult to defend
- 49:09against as they seemingly have a
- 49:11sophisticated array of tools to overcome
- 49:13even the most secure technologies.
- 49:17The lastly number five in our list is
- 49:19the next weakness which is user
- 49:21lockouts. This refers to inst instances
- 49:24where users find themselves in a
- 49:26situation where they can't access their
- 49:27authenticator app. they can't receive a
- 49:30phone signal or for push notifications
- 49:33or experience a lockout due to excessive
- 49:36failed code entry attempts. So even
- 49:39lockouts due to non-compliant devices uh
- 49:41can cause lockout in devices. These
- 49:44issues can lead to rejection of using
- 49:46MFA in the first place and in some cases
- 49:49disabling it out of frustration.
- 49:54So this slide we're showing you a
- 49:56multiffactor authentication product
- 49:58comparison. So see these are five top
- 50:01multiffactor authentication products uh
- 50:04and how they compare so that if you're
- 50:06in the market for buying one of these
- 50:08products you can make an informed
- 50:09decision.
- 50:11So starting from our first row, we look
- 50:13at a cost comparison of Cisco Juo, Oaka
- 50:17Adaptive, Microsoft Entra, Ping
- 50:20Identity, and Google Authenticator.
- 50:23Google is actually free, so it rates top
- 50:25in the cost department. This is then
- 50:27followed by Jio at $3 per user per
- 50:30month, then Microsoft Entra at $6 per
- 50:33user per month, and Adaptive at $17 per
- 50:37user per month. Bottom of the cost list
- 50:40is Ping identity with a high entry point
- 50:42at $20,000 per year.
- 50:46On the next row, we look at the primary
- 50:48usage for each of these five five
- 50:50products. We see that Duo is most suited
- 50:52to quick deployments in small and
- 50:54mediumsiz businesses. Octa is best
- 50:58geared towards non-Microsoft multi-app
- 51:01environments while Microsoft Entra is as
- 51:04you would expect heavily Microsoft/Asure
- 51:08ccentric with deep integrations into
- 51:10their own Microsoft applications.
- 51:13Then looking at ping identity we see
- 51:15that it's targeted targeting large
- 51:17complex enterprise class of business
- 51:20hence explaining the $20,000 entry price
- 51:22perhaps. And then last on this row is
- 51:25Google Authenticator, which was really
- 51:27only designed as a personal use product
- 51:29commonly used as an app on cell phones
- 51:32without any form of centralized
- 51:33management.
- 51:35And now looking at the last row, we
- 51:37reviewed the key weaknesses of each
- 51:39product starting from Cisco Duo. The
- 51:42main weakness here is that it's not
- 51:44quite fit for large complex
- 51:46environments. Yet it's it's evolving as
- 51:48time goes on. The low monthly price here
- 51:52is perhaps reflective of this fact.
- 51:55Next, we here uh look at Octa. Octa can
- 51:58come in on the expensive side at scale
- 52:00as we see that $17 per seat per month
- 52:03can rack up quickly in expense in larger
- 52:06environments.
- 52:08Next, Microsoft Entra, which has a main
- 52:11weakness of not being suitable outside
- 52:13of Microsoft shops. So really you could
- 52:15say that it's really only designed for
- 52:17Microsoft Asia environments.
- 52:20Now looking at ping identity, the main
- 52:22technical drawback here is the
- 52:24complexity of the product leading to a
- 52:26steep learning curve for product owners.
- 52:29This of course is not uncommon with
- 52:30enterprise solutions as they're designed
- 52:33to tackle complex nuanced problems. And
- 52:37then lastly on our categorization here
- 52:40is Google. Although it's a free product,
- 52:43it lacks advanced features like adaptive
- 52:45policies and end-to-end encryptions. So
- 52:49just an aside note on adaptive policies
- 52:51and what they are, they're essentially
- 52:53dynamic rules that adjust the level of
- 52:55multiffactor authentication required for
- 52:57a login based on realtime risk
- 53:00assessments of factors like location,
- 53:03device, and user behavior. So instead of
- 53:06a one-sizefits-all approach, adaptive
- 53:09policies balance strong security with
- 53:12user convenience by requiring fewer
- 53:14steps for low-risk login like uh from a
- 53:17trusted device and location and stepping
- 53:19up the authentication requirements for
- 53:21high-risk situations such as a login
- 53:24from an unfamiliar device or location.
- 53:36In this slide, we ask the question, how
- 53:39do I secure my mobile device? Mobile
- 53:42devices continue to be a favorite
- 53:44amongst hackers in 2025 as more users
- 53:47browse with their phones and tablets
- 53:49than desktops. So, security on these
- 53:51devices is just as important than
- 53:53anything else, which is why it's good to
- 53:55know what the best forms of security
- 53:57are.
- 53:59Well, basically there are five common
- 54:00methods of security on mobile devices.
- 54:03Two of which are considered very secure
- 54:04from a login perspective. The five
- 54:07method five common methods include
- 54:09passcodes, pattern recognition,
- 54:12passwords, biometric security and
- 54:15hardware security keys. The first three
- 54:17of these are considered not to to be
- 54:20that secure on the security front as
- 54:22malware and nearby threat actors can
- 54:24observe you while you enter your
- 54:26credentials. In other words, passcodes,
- 54:28patterns, and passwords can be defeated
- 54:30by activities such as bruce force brute
- 54:33force attacks, shoulder suffering,
- 54:35social engineering, and fishing
- 54:37websites, which are all in the business
- 54:39of stealing credentials through the
- 54:41easiest method possible.
- 54:44Which leaves us then with the two other
- 54:46options for security, biometrics and
- 54:48hardware security keys, which are both
- 54:51considered much stronger because they
- 54:53are rely on physical components to make
- 54:55them work. So, you may well be familiar
- 54:57with Apple's Face ID and Touch ID are on
- 55:01the Android platform Android's face
- 55:03unlock and fingerprint unlock features.
- 55:06These are prime examples of physical
- 55:08uniqueness because they estimate that
- 55:10the chances of another random person
- 55:12unlock unlocking the device is less than
- 55:141 in 1 million. Apple's Face ID has a
- 55:17very high degree of security in that it
- 55:19performs a livveness check which ensures
- 55:22a real life person is authenticating to
- 55:24the device. It uses a sophisticated 3D
- 55:27system to create a mathematical
- 55:29representation of your face, which is
- 55:31encrypted and protected within the
- 55:33phone's secure enclave, as it's known,
- 55:35meaning your facial data is not shared
- 55:37or stored on Apple's servers for privacy
- 55:40reasons.
- 55:42Android also supports face unlock and
- 55:45face fingerprint authentication, which
- 55:47can super supersede the need for
- 55:48patterns, pins, and passwords on that
- 55:51platform for authentication.
- 55:54But perhaps the most powerful
- 55:56authentication method, however, is a sec
- 55:58hardware security key, which can either
- 56:01plug into the devices physical charging
- 56:04port or connect via nearfield
- 56:05communication or Bluetooth.
- 56:08Hardware keys have the advantage of
- 56:10being highly resistant to fishing and
- 56:12other social engineering attacks because
- 56:14they require a physical presence and
- 56:16interaction with the device. Examples of
- 56:19mobile compatible keys include Ubico
- 56:22from UBI and Google's Titan security
- 56:25key. These devices may be used for the
- 56:28physical device login and many web app
- 56:31web app authentications that support
- 56:33them. They are also not limited to
- 56:35mobiles as they also work with PCs and
- 56:37laptops. Hardware keys are often used as
- 56:41a good option for protecting devices
- 56:43holding highly sensitive data or
- 56:45government data um which may be
- 56:48particularly of interest to hackers.
- 56:51Of course, passwords are only part of
- 56:54the picture with protecting mobile
- 56:56devices particularly corporate assets
- 56:58assets which may hold sensitive data and
- 57:01provide a way into the corporate network
- 57:03if they're not properly secured. To get
- 57:06a deeper view of corporate mobile
- 57:07security best practice for your staff,
- 57:10subscribe to the channel to get notified
- 57:12for an upcoming awareness video on the
- 57:14topic or drop a comment uh with your
- 57:16email on the in the bottom of this video
- 57:19to get notified.
- 57:25So let's have a quick test of your
- 57:27knowledge. The question here is which is
- 57:29better security for a mobile device?
- 57:32Choose two of the options.
- 57:35So the answer in this slide is B and C
- 57:38as they rely on physical elements i.e. a
- 57:41facial scan and a physical key that you
- 57:44must plug in. With regards to question A
- 57:47or answer A rather while 12 character
- 57:49complex passwords are strong, they're
- 57:51still vulnerable to malware on your
- 57:53device such as key loggers which hackers
- 57:55can use to track your keystrokes in the
- 57:57background.
- 57:59Option D, complex login pattern is
- 58:02weaker as well as it's vulnerable to
- 58:03shoulder suffering and video
- 58:05surveillance which may pick up your
- 58:07thumb movements without your knowledge.
- 58:10There's also an increased uh risk that
- 58:12you'll forget the pattern and lock
- 58:13yourself out permanently from the
- 58:15device.
- 58:18So in this slide I'm showing you a quick
- 58:20guide on how to protect protect and
- 58:22manage your passwords on all your
- 58:23devices. The most important things to
- 58:26pay attention to on this slide is to use
- 58:28at least 16 characters if you're using
- 58:31passwords, but consider switching to
- 58:33long passphrases, which are more
- 58:35practical to remember and harder to
- 58:37crack. The fact is these days that the
- 58:40computational power hackers have at
- 58:42their disposal in cracking passwords is
- 58:44immense and the 59% of passwords are
- 58:47cracked in under an hour according to
- 58:49the security firm Kaperski. So for your
- 58:52online accounts, I highly recommend
- 58:54password managers. You can see my pick
- 58:57from password manager section of the
- 58:59video. Although passwords and
- 59:02passphrases can be strong, they're not
- 59:04as good as multiffactor authentication
- 59:06and biometrics. So take the time to
- 59:09enable MFA whenever it's an option and
- 59:12when using your phone. Don't rely on
- 59:14passcodes or screen pattern login. Use
- 59:17face recognition or fingerprint
- 59:19identification.
- 59:25So just quickly here just to remind you
- 59:27that we have other training videos on
- 59:29our channel like the ones you see here
- 59:31on this slide on cyber security
- 59:34awareness, fishing, data privacy and
- 59:37many other topics. We also have a design
- 59:40service for training content. And
- 59:42lastly, you can join our weight list for
- 59:44upcoming LMS type training for staff on
- 59:47our site at datah privacy.io
- 59:49AO/Weightlist.
- 59:52So this is our LMS type training which
- 59:54is offered for organization
- 59:56organizations wanting to conduct more
- 59:58formal modular training for employees
- 1:00:01with the enrollment tracking features
- 1:00:03certificates etc. You'll also find links
- 1:00:07for these and free bonus reference
- 1:00:09resources for this video in the
- 1:00:11description which you may find useful.
- 1:00:16Well, this brings us to a close on our
- 1:00:18password security awareness
- 1:00:20presentation. I hope you've learned a
- 1:00:22thing or two that you will find useful
- 1:00:23for your own devices. And remember to
- 1:00:26subscribe to the channel. And if you're
- 1:00:28looking for the full corporate LMS
- 1:00:30version of this training, use the link
- 1:00:33data privacy data privacy.io/weightlist.
- 1:00:37The link is there on the screen to get
- 1:00:40notified when it's published. Uh there
- 1:00:42are links of course below the video uh
- 1:00:44for different free resources and other
- 1:00:47links to other training. And uh I thank
- 1:00:50you for watching and I'll hope to see
- 1:00:51you again in the next training video.
- 1:00:53Thanks for watching.
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