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El Genio Atormentado Que Inventó la Dinamita (Y Cambió la Historia) — Transcript

by El Genio Sabelotodo · 4,996 words · 897 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00Imagine waking up one quiet morning,
0:02opening the city's most important
0:04newspaper, and finding your own obituary
0:07printed on a full page.
0:09The immense headline in black ink calls
0:11you The Merchant of Death and claims you
0:13became obscenely wealthy by inventing a
0:15way to kill more human beings, faster
0:17than anyone in history.
0:21That
0:23was the strange journalistic accident
0:25experienced by a tormented genius, a
0:27chemist who conducted experiments trying
0:29to save lives, but who ended up
0:31unleashing hell on earth.
0:33Today I will reveal the true story of
0:35how an unstable experiment gave us
0:36dynamite and how the terror of reading
0:38that newspaper forced its creator to try
0:40to buy the world's forgiveness.
0:43Subscribe right now to The Know-It-All
0:45Genius and join me to unearth the dark
0:47and explosive secrets behind the
0:48invention of dynamite.
0:50To understand the magnitude of this
0:52historical drama, we must travel back in
0:55time to the cold and poor city of
0:56Stockholm, in Sweden, in the year 1833.
1:00There, a boy named Alfred Nobel was born
1:02, the third son of a family that
1:03struggled daily against hunger and
1:05scarcity. His father, Immanuel Nobel,
1:08was a brilliant inventor, but an
1:09absolute failure in business. Of the
1:11eight children the couple had, only four
1:13managed to survive the harsh and cold
1:15Swedish childhood. But he was a stubborn
1:18man who refused to give in to poverty.
1:21He packed what little he had and took
1:23his family to Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1:26There, in an amazing twist of fate, he
1:28managed to convince the Russian Tsar
1:29himself to finance his inventions.
1:32Suddenly, the poor inventor from
1:34Stockholm was manufacturing thousands of
1:36naval mines and explosive torpedoes for
1:37the powerful Russian navy.
1:40With the outbreak of the brutal Crimean
1:41War, the Nobel family's weapons factory
1:43exploded in profits.
1:45For the first time in his life, young
1:47Alfred learned what real money and power
1:49were.
1:50He was educated by the most expensive
1:53private tutors in Europe, learning to
1:55speak Swedish, Russian, English, French
1:57, and German perfectly while still just
1:59a teenager.
2:01Alfred was a natural genius, but his
2:02heart was not in mathematics or the
2:04design of weapons of war.
2:07His greatest and deepest secret was his
2:08dream of becoming a great writer and
2:10romantic poet.
2:11However, his strict father crushed that
2:13illusion immediately. He was not willing
2:16to raise a dreamer of letters.
2:18At 16, he sent him to the city of Paris
2:20to study hard, cold, and pure chemistry
2:22with a famous professor named
2:23Théophile-Jules Pelouze.
2:29And it was exactly there, inside a dark
2:31Parisian laboratory, that the frustrated
2:34young poet came face to face with the
2:36chemical monster that would define,
2:38torment, and destroy the rest of his
2:40life. Working in that laboratory was an
2:43Italian chemist named Ascanio Sobrero.
2:46Years earlier, Sobrero had managed to
2:47synthesize a yellowish, oily liquid
2:49called nitroglycerin.
2:51It was, in simple physical terms, an
2:53absolutely terrifying chemical monster.
2:56Nitroglycerin was 10 times more
2:58destructive, violent, and lethal than
3:00traditional black powder.
3:03A small glass bottle the size of your
3:05thumb, filled with this liquid, could
3:08blast through a solid rock wall, but it
3:10had a fatal flaw that terrified
3:11scientists.
3:13It was incomprehensibly and diabolically
3:15unstable. A slight change in temperature
3:18, a vibration on the table, a simple
3:20bump, or sometimes absolutely nothing at
3:22all.
3:23And the liquid would explode without
3:25warning, vaporizing the laboratory and
3:26the scientists in a fraction of a second
3:28.
3:29Sobrero, the man who invented it, was so
3:31deeply frightened by his own creation
3:33that he destroyed his samples and
3:35publicly begged the scientific world to
3:37never try to use it.
3:39He claimed it was too wild and untamable
3:42to have any practical human use. But
3:44when Alfred Nobel looked at that deadly
3:46liquid, he didn't see terror. He saw an
3:48immense opportunity to save millions of
3:50lives.
3:51And this is where the story takes an
3:53ironic turn. Nobel did not want to make
3:56weapons for war.
3:58He knew that at that precise moment in
3:59history, thousands of miners and
4:01construction workers were being crushed
4:03to death under mountains all over the
4:05world, because the only tool they had to
4:07break rocks was black powder.
4:10Black powder was weak, slow, produced
4:12suffocating toxic smoke, and often
4:14failed to explode when it should have,
4:16killing workers hours later when they
4:18approached to check the extinguished
4:20fuse.
4:21Nobel reasoned in a purely mathematical
4:23way.
4:24If he could manage to tame the power of
4:26nitroglycerin, massive railway tunnels
4:28and mines could be built 100 times
4:29faster and with fewer workers risking
4:31their lives underground.
4:33The immense problem was how to tame it
4:35without being blown to pieces in the
4:37attempt. When the Crimean War ended and
4:39the Russian Empire canceled its arms
4:41contracts, the business of Nobel's
4:43father went completely bankrupt. The
4:45family returned to Sweden, humiliated,
4:47defeated, and penniless.
4:49It was at that moment of absolute
4:51despair that Alfred and his father
4:52locked themselves in a small workshop on
4:54the outskirts of Stockholm to play with
4:56death.
4:57They began to experiment with gallons of
4:59pure liquid nitroglycerin.
5:00In the year 1863, Alfred achieved his
5:03first great historical breakthrough. He
5:05invented the detonator or blasting cap.
5:08Before this, igniting nitroglycerin was
5:10a game of Russian roulette with fire.
5:12Nobel's detonator used a small
5:14controlled shock instead of direct fire
5:16. For the first time in human history,
5:18man could decide exactly at which
5:20millisecond a giant explosion should
5:22occur.
5:23Nobel opened his first liquid explosives
5:25factory and the money started flowing
5:28fast.
5:28But the chemical monster he was trying
5:31to tame would exact a very high blood
5:33price.
5:38On September 3rd, 1864, a deathly
5:40silence was shattered by a detonation
5:42that shook the earth in Stockholm.
5:45The Nobel family factory blew sky-high
5:47in a gigantic, blinding fireball.
5:50When the thick, toxic smoke cleared,
5:52rescuers found the mangled bodies of
5:54five workers.
5:56Among the unrecognizable corpses was
5:58Emil Nobel, Alfred's younger brother,
6:00who was barely 21 years old. The family
6:03grief and trauma were devastating,
6:05incalculable. The workshop had been
6:07turned into a smoking crater of
6:09splintered wood.
6:11Alfred and Manuel's father suffered a
6:12massive stroke upon learning of his
6:14youngest son's death, leaving him
6:16paralyzed and unable to ever recover.
6:20The Swedish government, terrified by the
6:22public massacre, immediately revoked
6:24Alfred's license and strictly prohibited
6:26the manufacturing of explosives within
6:28city limits.
6:29His neighbors hated him. The press
6:31treated him like an irresponsible public
6:34danger.
6:38Any normal human being, after seeing
6:39their own brother torn apart by their
6:41invention and their father paralyzed by
6:43grief, would have abandoned chemistry
6:45forever.
6:46They would have retired to live a quiet
6:48and peaceful life. But Alfred Nobel was
6:50not normal. The tragedy didn't scare him
6:52. It dragged him into a deeper, colder,
6:55and more obsessive darkness.
6:57Let's take an immensely deep, tense, and
6:59strategic pause at this critical point
7:01of the historical duel, because we are
7:03approaching the decision that changed
7:05the physical geography of our planet and
7:07I need to mercilessly test your
7:08psychological resilience and your
7:10extreme corporate focus under the worst
7:12possible emotional pressure.
7:14Imagine for an intense moment that you
7:16are Alfred Nobel.
7:18You are standing in front of the crater
7:19where your younger brother died because
7:21of you. Your father is destroyed and in
7:23a wheelchair. The government has
7:25forbidden you from working.
7:27Your investors have fled in terror and
7:28society spits on you in the street,
7:30calling you a reckless killer.
7:33You know with absolute mathematical
7:35certainty that liquid nitroglycerin is
7:37too unstable for the world and that if
7:39someone doesn't urgently invent a way to
7:41stabilize it, thousands of innocent
7:43workers will keep dying in train and
7:45ship accidents due to the competition's
7:47spontaneous explosions.
7:49You have two drastic paths. painful and
7:51definitive, in front of your desk.
7:54Option A. You accept the guilt and the
7:56immense pain.
7:57You close the company forever out of
7:59sacred respect for your brother's memory
8:01. You dedicate yourself to literature as
8:03you always dreamed and abandon lethal
8:05chemistry.
8:06You save your sanity, avoid being hated
8:08by society, and ensure no other family
8:10cries again over an accident in your
8:12factories.
8:14But in doing so, you condemn humanity to
8:16continue suffering and dying with
8:18defective explosives, stalling the
8:19world's industrial progress for decades
8:21, simply because you gave in to personal
8:23pain.
8:25Option B. You completely block out your
8:27human emotions and your grief. You
8:29ignore your father's paralysis and the
8:30hatred of the government.
8:32You move your laboratory to an isolated
8:34boat in the middle of a frozen lake to
8:36evade the law, and you continue mixing
8:38the same unstable chemical that
8:39slaughtered your brother daily, risking
8:41your own life every day until you manage
8:42to solve the chemical equation.
8:46By doing this, you become an obsessive
8:48social pariah, a cold-hearted
8:49businessman, but you ensure that your
8:51brother's sacrifice was not in vain and
8:53you give the world the definitive tool
8:55to build the future.
8:57What strategic, cold, and calculated
8:59decision would you make?
9:01Yield to the pain to recover your
9:02humanity and social forgiveness?
9:05Or become a cold and unstoppable leader
9:07to solve the world's scientific problem
9:08at any human cost?
9:11I want you to leave your absolutely
9:13sincere vote and your most Machiavellian
9:14and analytical argument right now down
9:16in the comments.
9:17I will be reading with extreme attention
9:20and debating tirelessly with the most
9:21logical, courageous, and high-level
9:23responses from the entire community.
9:25Let's continue our story because
9:27mourning fueled the creation of an
9:29indestructible empire.
9:31Alfred Nobel chose the path of ice and
9:33total isolation.
9:34He did not stop.
9:36Forbidden from working in the city, he
9:38built a floating laboratory on an old
9:40barge anchored in the middle of an
9:42immense lake where an accidental
9:43explosion would only kill him.
9:46He decided that someone had to tame
9:48liquid nitroglycerin and he was going to
9:50be that someone, no matter the cost, and
9:52the world needed that solution with a
9:54terrifying and bloody urgency.
9:56Nitroglycerin was already being sold and
9:59used in giant infrastructure projects
10:00and was causing uncontrollable massacres
10:03across the planet.
10:05In April of 1866, 70 crates packed with
10:08liquid nitroglycerin exploded out of
10:10nowhere aboard a steamship in Panama,
10:13evaporating 50 people in a millisecond.
10:17Just two weeks later, in San Francisco,
10:19California, a mail clerk tried to open a
10:21crate leaking a strange yellow liquid
10:23with a hammer and a metal chisel.
10:26The detonation blew the entire Wells
10:27Fargo building to pieces and killed 15
10:29people in the street. A few days later,
10:32in the snowy mountains of California,
10:34six railroad workers disintegrated while
10:37transporting the chemical in a cart
10:39toward a tunnel.
10:41The state of California panicked and
10:43strictly prohibited the transport of
10:44liquid nitroglycerin throughout its
10:46territory.
10:48Miners called it explosive oil, and
10:49although they knew it could kill them
10:51just by tripping and dropping the bottle
10:53, they kept using it out of desperation
10:55, because nothing in the natural world
10:57had such destructive power over rock.
11:01Alfred Nobel spent years locked away,
11:03mixing the liquid of death with hundreds
11:05of dry materials to try to create a
11:07sponge that would absorb it and make it
11:09safe.
11:11He tried coal, wood sawdust, shredded
11:13paper, cement dust, and dozens of
11:15chemicals.
11:16Nothing worked. The liquid always
11:18separated and threatened to explode.
11:24Until one day in northern Germany, he
11:26found a type of porous sand similar to
11:28chalk called kieselguhr, or diatomaceous
11:31earth.
11:32This sand was composed of millions of
11:34microscopic fossilized skeletons of
11:36ancient sea creatures and had an
11:38astonishing physical, almost magical,
11:39capacity to absorb heavy liquids without
11:41losing its form.
11:43When Nobel mixed the unstable and lethal
11:45nitroglycerin with this marine fossil
11:47powder, the liquid transformed
11:49completely. It turned into a soft paste
11:51. Compact and moldable like clay putty.
11:56Nobel discovered he could take this mass
11:58, shape it into a perfect cylinder, wrap
11:59it in simple thick paper, and handle it
12:01with total and absolute safety.
12:04The chemical miracle was complete.
12:07You could strike this cylinder with a
12:09steel hammer, throw it from a third
12:10floor, or send it on a bumpy train
12:12across an entire country, and the tube
12:14would never explode unless you
12:16specifically attached a detonator and
12:17activated it with fire or electricity.
12:21In 1867, Nobel patented this ultimate
12:23invention, and for the world to
12:25understand its force, he christened it
12:27dynamite, derived from the ancient Greek
12:30word "dynamis," which means pure power.
12:34Dynamite wasn't just a safer explosive;
12:36it was alien technology for the time.
12:39It completely changed the mathematics of
12:41civil engineering.
12:42Before dynamite, using gunpowder was
12:44chaotic and blind.
12:46The explosion went everywhere,
12:48destroying the tunnel ceiling and
12:49killing miners with flying rocks.
12:52With dynamite, you could drill a deep
12:54hole in the stone, insert the tube with
12:56surgical precision, seal it, and the
12:58blast wave would go exactly where the
13:00engineer wanted, breaking the rock
13:02without bringing down the whole mountain
13:04.
13:05Alfred Nobel, carrying heavy leather
13:07suitcases packed with real dynamite,
13:09traveled the world giving live
13:10demonstrations.
13:11He would stand before crowds of
13:13terrified mining engineers, throw crates
13:16of dynamite on the ground, set them
13:18directly on fire to show they only
13:20burned harmlessly without exploding, and
13:22then use a detonator to blow up an
13:24entire mountain before their eyes,
13:26leaving them speechless. The success was
13:28massive, overwhelming, and brutal.
13:31In less than 10 years, the man who had
13:33been bankrupt after his brother's death
13:35built 16 gigantic explosives factories
13:37in 14 different countries.
13:40He formed alliances with the massive and
13:41powerful chemical corporation DuPont in
13:43the United States.
13:45And despite being immensely wealthy
13:47before turning 40, he never stopped
13:48researching.
13:50He invented blasting gelatin, even more
13:52destructive and waterproof, and patented
13:55355 inventions in his lifetime.
13:58But dynamite was his ultimate
13:59masterpiece. And what it did to the
14:01physical world of the Earth is almost
14:03incomprehensible to our modern minds.
14:05The physical scale of what dynamite
14:07managed to build is astonishing. Think
14:09of the great transcontinental railroad
14:11of the United States.
14:13Engineers were stuck trying to drill
14:15tunnels through the dense, hard, and
14:17impenetrable granite rock of the Sierra
14:19Nevada mountains.
14:22Using black powder and iron picks, the
14:24workers, mostly exploited immigrants,
14:26barely managed to advance a miserable 30
14:28cm a day.
14:31The mountains were invincible, but when
14:33the first crates of Nobel's invention
14:35arrived, the pace of destruction
14:36multiplied geometrically.
14:38They advanced more than twice as fast
14:40drilling through the solid rock.
14:42Without this Swedish invention, the
14:44train that linked the United States from
14:46coast to coast would have taken decades
14:48longer to build, delaying the economy of
14:49the world's greatest power and
14:51paralyzing trade.
14:57But the true trial by fire, the hell on
14:59earth where dynamite proved to be the
15:01undisputed god of engineering, was the
15:03Panama Canal, one of the most brutal,
15:05expensive, and bloody projects in all of
15:07human history.
15:10The idea was simple on a desk paper: cut
15:11a jungle mountain in half to connect the
15:13Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific so ships
15:15wouldn't have to take the long and
15:17dangerous trip around the entire
15:18continent to the south.
15:21But the Panamanian reality was a thermal
15:23nightmare of mosquitoes, malaria, yellow
15:26fever, and burning mudslides that buried
15:28entire steam shovels in seconds.
15:31At the heart of this nightmare was the
15:33Culebra Cut, a massive mountain range
15:35that stood in the way.
15:37To destroy this continental barrier,
15:39engineers used an amount of explosives
15:41that defies reason.
15:43They consumed nearly 200 metric tons of
15:45dynamite every month, month after month
15:47, year after year.
15:49Twice a day, hell would break loose.
15:52The entire immense camp of thousands of
15:54men would come to a dead silence, and
15:56600 explosive charges would detonate
15:59simultaneously, blowing the mountain
16:01into millions of pieces so the steam
16:03shovels could scoop up the smoking rocks
16:05.
16:06When the canal finally opened in 1914,
16:08they had used over 30 million kilograms
16:11of dynamite, and the human cost was
16:13heartbreaking. More than 25,000 workers
16:15died from disease and accidental
16:17explosions in the process.
16:20And yet, despite the deaths, the Panama
16:22Canal could never have existed without
16:24Nobel’s invention.
16:27No other tool on Earth had the physical
16:29power to move so much rock in so little
16:31time.
16:32Today, every giant cargo ship, every oil
16:34tanker, and every military aircraft
16:36carrier that crosses Panama does so by
16:39sailing through a massive water trench
16:41that was excavated by brute force.
16:44Nobel's invention altered the planet's
16:46map in an invisible way. It tore the
16:49gold from California.
16:50It bored through the immense tunnels of
16:52the Alps in Europe, allowing for land
16:53trade in winter.
16:55It deepened ports for giant ships and
16:57laid the foundations for modern
16:59skyscrapers.
17:01Industrial civilization, as you know it
17:03, is literally built on millions of
17:05controlled explosions.
17:07But Alfred Nobel was about to learn the
17:09most bitter, raw, and inevitable lesson
17:11that every scientific genius must face
17:13throughout the centuries.
17:15You can control the chemistry you create
17:17in your laboratory, but it is
17:19biologically impossible to control what
17:20human greed, hatred, and darkness will
17:22do with it.
17:28Barely 3 years after patenting his
17:29creation as a purely peaceful tool for
17:31construction, the monster was dragged
17:33onto the battlefield.
17:35In the year 1870, the fierce
17:36Franco-Prussian War broke out.
17:40Military engineers immediately
17:41discovered that these cylindrical tubes
17:43could tear down stone fortresses,
17:45destroy strategic bridges, and
17:46annihilate entire trenches with a
17:48violence that traditional cannon
17:50gunpowder could not match.
17:52The invention crossed the ethical point
17:55of no return; it ceased to be a tool for
17:57mining engineers and transformed into a
17:59lethal weapon of mass destruction. And
18:01worst of all, at the end of the 19th
18:03century, buying commercial explosives
18:06was as easy as buying bread or nails at
18:08a hardware store.
18:09There were no strict safety regulations
18:11.
18:13This terrifying ease of access gave
18:15incalculable power to a group that sowed
18:17global chaos: the European and American
18:19anarchist movement.
18:21The anarchists had an extremely violent
18:24and radical political philosophy.
18:27They believed that if they couldn't
18:28overthrow the government and the wealthy
18:30bourgeoisie through elections or strikes
18:31, they could destroy the system by
18:33assassinating kings, presidents, and
18:34millionaires using surprise explosives
18:36in public places.
18:38They dubbed this strategy of terror "
18:40propaganda of the deed."
18:42And Nobel's explosive was the dream
18:44weapon, the ultimate leveler.
18:47Before this invention, if you wanted to
18:49destroy a government building or kill a
18:51military squad, you needed immense
18:53cannons, millions of dollars, and an
18:55army of your own.
18:56The Swedish invention democratized death
18:58. Now, a single solitary individual,
19:00penniless and in the shadows, could hide
19:03two tubes under his leather jacket, walk
19:05up to a palace or a ministry, and
19:07inflict the same damage as a military
19:09artillery attack in a single second of
19:11chaos. Violence exploded uncontrollably
19:14.
19:15Clandestine manuals on how to build
19:17timer-based bombs circulated in the dark
19:19alleys of London, Paris, and Chicago.
19:23A bloody era of terrorism was unleashed
19:25, known to historians as the decade of
19:27regicide.
19:29With bombs and bullets funded by this
19:31violence, they assassinated the king of
19:33Italy, the president of France, the
19:34empress of Austria, the prime minister
19:36of Spain, and in 1901, they assassinated
19:38the president of the United States,
19:40William McKinley.
19:42A chemical invention had made the
19:44greatest empires on Earth tremble.
19:46Alfred Nobel read these blood-stained
19:48news reports every day from his
19:50luxurious mansion.
19:51His fortune grew by millions of dollars
19:53, but his soul was rotting from within.
19:56Nobel was an extremely lonely,
19:58melancholic, and hypochondriac man.
20:01He never married, never had children,
20:03suffered from chronic headaches, and in
20:05his spare time, he wrote sad poetry
20:06about death and the meaning of life.
20:10He had always defended a naive and
20:12peaceful theory that we know today in
20:14modern geopolitics as military
20:15deterrence.
20:18Nobel faithfully believed that if he
20:19could invent a weapon so monstrous and
20:21lethal that it could destroy two entire
20:23armies in a single second, the countries
20:25of the world would feel such deep terror
20:27that they would refuse to fight, and
20:29world peace would be guaranteed forever
20:31by pure fear of annihilation.
20:34It was a brilliant theory, but
20:36spectacularly wrong. Governments were
20:38not frightened. They simply ordered the
20:40purchase of 100,000 more tons of
20:42explosives to kill each other with
20:43greater efficiency and from farther away
20:45.
20:49And then, on the cold April morning of
20:511888, the final blow arrived—the immense
20:54journalistic accident that broke his
20:56mind forever.
20:59His older brother, Ludvig, had passed
21:01away of natural causes while vacationing
21:03in France, but a clueless and hasty
21:05French journalist, believing it was the
21:07famous explosives millionaire who had
21:09died, printed the wrong obituary on the
21:11front page of the widest-circulation
21:13newspaper.
21:15Alfred Nobel woke up, had his coffee,
21:17opened the paper, and came face to face
21:19with his own historical obituary.
21:22The headline in giant, ruthless letters
21:24read: "The merchant of death is dead."
21:27The article, relentless and cruel,
21:29detailed how Dr. Alfred Nobel had become
21:31obscenely wealthy by discovering a
21:33mathematical formula to kill more people
21:35, faster than any other human in the
21:37history of the universe.
21:40Nobel was petrified, unable to breathe,
21:42with the newspaper in his trembling
21:44hands.
21:46He realized, in a split second, that
21:47this was exactly how the history books
21:49were going to remember him for the rest
21:51of eternity.
21:53He would be remembered as a monster, as
21:55a butcher of war. And not as the poet
21:57and pacifist scientist who built tunnels
21:59to unite nations.
22:02That obituary wounded his ego and his
22:03conscience to such deep levels that
22:05Nobel spent the following and final
22:07years of his life planning, in the
22:09strictest secrecy and away from his
22:11family, an immense and silent
22:12post-mortem public relations
22:14masterstroke.
22:20In November 1895, at a small, elite
22:22Swedish club in the city of Paris,
22:24Alfred Nobel, lonely and suffering from
22:26heart disease, sat down before a paper
22:28and wrote his final will and testament
22:30by hand.
22:32What he wrote there left the financial
22:34and political world in absolute shock.
22:37Nobel ordered that after paying a few
22:39taxes and leaving some scraps to his
22:41distant relatives, 94%of his entire
22:43immense and colossal fortune, a sum
22:45equivalent today to nearly 250 million
22:47dollars in pure, liquid assets, be taken
22:49from his family.
22:52That huge mountain of money was to be
22:54placed in a secure investment fund at
22:56the bank.
22:57The annual millionaire earnings of that
22:59fund were to be used exclusively to give
23:01cash prizes to those people who, in his
23:03own immortal words, had conferred the
23:05greatest benefit and progress upon
23:07humanity.
23:10Nobel ordered the creation of five
23:11untouchable prizes: physics, chemistry,
23:13medicine, literature, and a fifth prize
23:15.
23:16A prize that explains absolutely
23:18everything about his guilt and his
23:19internal mourning.
23:21The man who manufactured weapons,
23:23cannons, and millions of tons of
23:24destructive explosives ordered that a
23:26portion of his fortune finance the
23:28person who had made the greatest effort
23:30to achieve world peace and reduce armed
23:31armies.
23:33The Nobel Peace Prize had been born.
23:36Nobel never confessed to anyone, not
23:38even his closest lawyer, the true reason
23:40for this will.
23:42But the silence tells the whole story.
23:45The man, terrified by a false obituary,
23:47decided to use the millions from his
23:49lethal enterprise to buy positive
23:50immortality for his name and the respect
23:52of history.
23:54Alfred Nobel died of a massive stroke on
23:57December 10, 1896, lonely and depressed
23:59in a vast villa in Sanremo, Italy, far
24:02from his country, because he deeply
24:04hated the cold Scandinavian winter.
24:07When bankers and the Swedish government
24:09read his will, an unprecedented legal
24:11chaos broke out.
24:13His relatives, furious about losing the
24:15millionaire inheritance, tried to sue in
24:17every court.
24:19Swedish politicians were outraged to
24:21learn that the prizes would be awarded
24:23to foreigners and not just patriots,
24:24considering the will a national betrayal
24:26.
24:27But after years of legal battles, the
24:29inventor's unwavering will was fulfilled
24:31. Today, more than a century later, the
24:34Nobel Prize is the most sacred,
24:36influential, and coveted honor a human
24:38being can aspire to on planet Earth.
24:40It has rewarded minds like Albert
24:42Einstein, Marie Curie, Martin Luther
24:44King Jr., and Alexander Fleming. They
24:47even named a radioactive chemical
24:49element, nobelium, in his immense honor
24:51. When ordinary people hear the name
24:54Alfred Nobel today, they immediately
24:57think of brilliant minds, galas in
24:59Stockholm, gold medals, and high-level
25:01human progress.
25:03Almost no one thinks of mountains blown
25:05to pieces, bloody explosions, and
25:07anarchist terrorists.
25:08His risky and immense posthumous bet was
25:11the most expensive, masterful, and
25:13successful image makeover in all of
25:15human history.
25:19Dynamite is the ultimate contradiction
25:21of industrial progress.
25:23The same viscous explosive that
25:25shattered workers 'legs in Panama also
25:27excavated the secure foundations where
25:29the immense skyscrapers of New York rest
25:30today.
25:33The same chemical tools that armed the
25:34assassins of kings drilled the aqueducts
25:36that brought drinking water.
25:38And life to the desert cities of America
25:40.
25:41Every time you take the subway in the
25:43morning to go to work, every time you
25:45turn on your cell phone screen assembled
25:47with minerals extracted from the depths
25:49of solid copper mines, every time
25:51society prospers economically, you are
25:53walking on the silent echo of Nobel's
25:55explosives.
25:58The man who wanted to be a poet and
25:59ended up as the merchant of death
26:01discovered the most bitter truth of
26:02human technology.
26:05All inventions created to control the
26:07brute force of nature will always,
26:08inescapably, end up amplifying the
26:10cruelty and the greatness of the human
26:12beings who use them.
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26:35If you aspire to always shine and lead
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26:38, any conversation, any financial
26:40negotiation, and any intellectual debate
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26:44ever letting yourself be manipulated by
26:45the superficial information of
26:47traditional media and boring news
26:49outlets, you must take the next and
26:50definitive vital step for your
26:52analytical training right now.
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26:56absolute passion, and great confidence
26:58to acquire the new, intense, and
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28:24And, if like the brilliant and
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30:10See you right there, on the other side
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30:33Yeah.

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