Delhi Sultanates || బానిస రాజవంశం || #history #indianhistory #telugu — Transcript

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1. 0:02The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic
2. 0:04empire based in Delhi that ruled parts
3. 0:06of India for 320 years. This empire
4. 0:10existed in India from 1206 to 1526.
5. 0:15Five successive dynasties ruled this
6. 0:17empire. The first was the Mamluk
7. 0:21dynasty, ruling from 1206 to 1290, also
8. 0:23known as the Slave dynasty. The second
9. 0:28was the Khilji dynasty, which lasted
10. 0:30from 1290 to 1320. The third was the
11. 0:34Tughlaq dynasty, spanning from 1320 to
12. 0:371414. The fourth was the Sayyid dynasty
13. 0:40, which continued from 1414 to 1451.
14. 0:44The fifth was the Lodi dynasty, which
15. 0:47lasted from 1451 to 1526. This empire
16. 0:52covered a vast territory including
17. 0:54modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
18. 0:56and parts of southern Nepal. In this
19. 1:00video, we will learn about the Slave
20. 1:02dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. Please
21. 1:05support this video by leaving a like.
22. 1:07Now, let's get into our topic. The
23. 1:10Slave dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290;
24. 1:13it is also called the Mamluk dynasty. "
25. 1:18Mamluk" is an Arabic word meaning slave
26. 1:20. After Muhammad Ghori died, his
27. 1:25generals declared their independence.
28. 1:30Muhammad Ghori had entrusted some of
29. 1:32the territories he conquered in India
30. 1:34to his governor, Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
31. 1:37After Muhammad Ghori’s death,
32. 1:39Qutb-ud-din Aibak declared his
33. 1:41independence and ruled on his own.
34. 1:44While he ruled some areas, other
35. 1:46governors ruled the remaining
36. 1:47territories. After declaring
37. 1:50independence, Qutb-ud-din Aibak
38. 1:52established an empire in Delhi. That
39. 1:55was the Delhi Sultanate, and the
40. 1:57dynasty he founded is called the Slave
41. 1:59dynasty. This is because Qutb-ud-din
42. 2:03Aibak was a slave to Muhammad Ghori, so
43. 2:05he and his successors are called the
44. 2:07Slave dynasty. Qutb-ud-din Aibak was
45. 2:11the first independent Muslim ruler of
46. 2:13India. He held the titles of Lakh Baksh
47. 2:16and Sipahsalar. Muslim historians of
48. 2:18his time used to call him Lakh Baksh.
49. 2:21Lakh Baksh means one who gives away
50. 2:23lakhs in charity. He built the
51. 2:25Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi. It is
52. 2:29the first mosque built in the
53. 2:30Indo-Persian style. He built a second
54. 2:33mosque in Ajmer. It is named Adhai Din
55. 2:37Ka Jhonpra; he also started the
56. 2:39construction of the Qutub Minar in
57. 2:41memory of his Sufi teacher, Qutb-ud-din
58. 2:43Bakhtiyar Kaki. He ruled with Lahore as
59. 2:47his capital. Hasan Nizami, who was in
60. 2:51his court, wrote the book
61. 2:52Taj-ul-Ma'asir. In 1210, Aibak died
62. 2:56after falling from his horse while
63. 2:58playing a polo game. After Qutb-ud-din
64. 3:02Aibak, his son Aram Shah came to power.
65. 3:06Evidence suggests that he was a weak
66. 3:08ruler. The Turkish army opposed him.
67. 3:12His reign lasted only for eight months.
68. 3:16Then came Iltutmish, who ruled from
69. 3:181210 to 1236. He belonged to the Ilbari
70. 3:23tribe; when he was young, his
71. 3:25stepbrothers sold him as a slave to
72. 3:26Aibak. Thus, he remained a slave to
73. 3:31Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later became his
74. 3:33army commander. Qutb-ud-din Aibak then
75. 3:37gave his daughter in marriage to
76. 3:39Iltutmish. In this way, he became
77. 3:42Qutb-ud-din Aibak’s son-in-law. He
78. 3:45was known as Sar-i-Jandar. He also held
79. 3:48the title of Sultan. He used to give
80. 3:51land to his military officers instead
81. 3:53of salaries. He introduced Arabic coins
82. 3:56in India. These coins weighed 175
83. 4:00grains. These were silver Tanka coins,
84. 4:03and he also introduced copper Jital
85. 4:05coins. He fought a battle in the region
86. 4:08of Tarain in 1215 CE. This is known as
87. 4:11the Third Battle of Tarain. He spent
88. 4:14the first ten years of his reign
89. 4:15protecting his throne from his enemies.
90. 4:20Muhammad Ghori's commanders, such as
91. 4:22Yildiz, Qabacha of Multan, and Ali
92. 4:24Mardan of Bengal and Bihar, rebelled
93. 4:26against him. He defeated Yildiz in the
94. 4:30Battle of Tarain. And he also drove
95. 4:33Qabacha out of Punjab. He had a son.
96. 4:38His name was Nasiruddin Mahmud, but
97. 4:40Nasiruddin Mahmud died in a battle. In
98. 4:44memory of Nasiruddin Mahmud, Iltutmish
99. 4:46built a tomb called Sultan Ghari in
100. 4:48Delhi. That is why he is also called
101. 4:52the Father of Tombs. Qutubuddin Aibak
102. 4:54had started the construction of the
103. 4:56Qutub Minar. But he did not complete it
104. 4:58. Iltutmish completed the remaining
105. 5:00construction of the Qutub Minar.
106. 5:03Minhaj-us-Siraj, from his court, wrote
107. 5:06the book Tabaqat-i-Nasiri. During his
108. 5:09reign, the borders of the Delhi
109. 5:11Sultanate once again reached the Indus.
110. 5:13After Iltutmish died in 1236 CE, his
111. 5:16other son, Ruknuddin, became the Sultan
112. 5:19of Delhi. Then, his sister and
113. 5:23Iltutmish's daughter, Razia Sultan,
114. 5:25removed her brother and became the
115. 5:26ruler of Delhi. She was the first woman
116. 5:30to rule the Delhi Sultanate. Razia had
117. 5:34to fight against her brothers as well
118. 5:36as powerful Turkish lords. And she
119. 5:39ruled for only three years. Razia
120. 5:42launched expeditions to control the
121. 5:44Rajputs. And she successfully
122. 5:47established peace and order throughout
123. 5:49her kingdom. Razia appointed a slave
124. 5:52named Yakut as the master of the royal
125. 5:54horses. There are many stories
126. 5:56suggesting that there were some
127. 5:57relations between the two. However, the
128. 6:00Turkish lords did not like making Yakut
129. 6:02an official at all. Around 1239 CE,
130. 6:05Altunia, the governor of Bhatinda,
131. 6:08attacked Razia. Then Razia, along with
132. 6:12Yakut, attacked Altunia. But on the way
133. 6:15, Altunia's Turkish followers murdered
134. 6:17Yakut and imprisoned Razia. Then the
135. 6:21Turkish lords made Bahram, another son
136. 6:23of Iltutmish, the king. However,
137. 6:26Altunia was very fond of Razia.
138. 6:29Therefore, Altunia married Razia. After
139. 6:32this marriage, Razia went to Delhi. But
140. 6:36she was defeated by Bahram Shah and
141. 6:37killed on the way. Bahram Shah ruled
142. 6:41from 1240 to 1242 CE. After him,
143. 6:46Alauddin Masud Shah ruled from 1242 CE
144. 6:49to 1246. He was the son of Ruknuddin
145. 6:53and the nephew of Razia Sultan. After
146. 6:56the death of Bahram Shah, he was chosen
147. 6:58as the next ruler. However, he was a
148. 7:01weak ruler. After him, Nasiruddin
149. 7:03Mahmud became the ruler of this kingdom
150. 7:06. He was the grandson of Iltutmish and
151. 7:10ruled from 1246 to 1265 CE. He was very
152. 7:16young when he ascended the throne and
153. 7:18lacked experience; therefore, Balban,
154. 7:20one of his subordinates, gave his
155. 7:21daughter in marriage to him. Although
156. 7:27Nasiruddin Mahmud was the king in name,
157. 7:29it was his father-in-law Balban who
158. 7:30decided what should and should not be
159. 7:32done. Nasiruddin Mahmud died in 1265 CE
160. 7:36. Many historians have provided various
161. 7:39reasons for his death. According to
162. 7:44some historians like Ibn Battuta and
163. 7:46Isami, it is known that his
164. 7:47father-in-law Balban poisoned him and
165. 7:49ascended the throne himself. Balban
166. 7:54ruled from 1266 to 1286. He also held
167. 7:58the title of Zille-i-Ilahi. He
168. 8:01established a military department
169. 8:03called Diwan-i-Arz. He separated the
170. 8:06qualified from the unqualified in the
171. 8:07military department. He kept the
172. 8:10qualified ones, removed the unqualified
173. 8:12ones, and gave them pensions. He always
174. 8:15used to wear expensive clothes. Also,
175. 8:18he never spoke directly to the common
176. 8:20people in his kingdom. He also set some
177. 8:24rules for those who came into his court
178. 8:26. If anyone entered his court, they had
179. 8:29to walk only on their knees. And, they
180. 8:31had to maintain silence in his court at
181. 8:33all times. When the Mongols invaded
182. 8:37Northwest India, Balban sent his son,
183. 8:39Prince Muhammad, to fight them. But his
184. 8:44son died in that battle. That was a
185. 8:47very big blow to Balban. He was
186. 8:49devastated by the death of his son. In
187. 8:52the following days, Balban fell ill and
188. 8:55died in 1286. After Balban's death, his
189. 8:59grandson Kaiqubad was declared the
190. 9:01Sultan of Delhi. Then, Jalaluddin
191. 9:04Khalji, a great governor of the Slave
192. 9:07dynasty, murdered Kaiqubad and
193. 9:08established the Khalji dynasty over
194. 9:11Delhi in 1290 AD. We also call this the
195. 9:14Khalji Revolution. So that's it for
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