Day 293: Psalms 120-122 | Read The Bible In A Year | Bible Study with Commentary by Dr. Manny Arango — Transcript
Full transcript
- 0:00Hey Bible nerds, this is Dr. Manny
- 0:02Orango. Welcome to the Bible department
- 0:04podcast powered by Arma. We are walking
- 0:08through the entire Bible in a year. You
- 0:10can go to the description or the bible
- 0:13department.com to download a reading
- 0:15plan and join the journey
- 0:25family. Welcome to day 293.
- 0:27Today we are looking at Psalms 120 to
- 0:32122. That's right, three Psalms that we
- 0:34are going to be examining, checking out,
- 0:37studying, digesting today. And if you've
- 0:40already done the reading, then
- 0:42everything that I'm going to say on this
- 0:44episode is going to make perfect sense.
- 0:45But if you haven't done the reading,
- 0:47then you're gonna lack context. Okay?
- 0:50So, if you haven't done the reading,
- 0:52stop the video, pause the audio, go get
- 0:55the reading done. three short psalms
- 0:57today. And not only do we have three
- 0:59short psalms, uh we've actually got the
- 1:02beginning of another collection within
- 1:05the collection within the collection. So
- 1:09today kicks off our ascent. That's
- 1:12right, ascent. These psalms from Psalm
- 1:16120 all the way to Psalm 134. We've got
- 1:2115 songs of ascent. Okay. So, we're
- 1:24going to look at this collection as a
- 1:26whole. It'll take us multiple days to uh
- 1:29send the hills on our trek up to
- 1:32Jerusalem. And that's obviously our
- 1:34context. Uh so, without further ado,
- 1:37let's dive into our context clues. All
- 1:40right. You're going to notice at Psalm
- 1:42120, all we have here is a song of a
- 1:46sense is right beneath the actual title
- 1:49or the the chapter verse. Okay. I'm
- 1:52going to make sure. Yep. the song of
- 1:54asense. Okay. And we're going to notice
- 1:56multiple songs of ascent. All right. So,
- 2:00this entire collection is uh songs of
- 2:04ascent. Now, the psalms of ascent find
- 2:08themselves within a greater collection
- 2:11known as the great hal, the great halal
- 2:15uh or the great praise. Okay? in the
- 2:18great hell can be found from Psalm 120
- 2:21to Psalm 136. Okay, so the songs of
- 2:24ascent fit within the great hell. That
- 2:26great hell is part of book five is a
- 2:30part of the collection of the Psalms. So
- 2:32you get it like it's a collection within
- 2:34a collection within a collection within
- 2:36a collection. All right. So what is the
- 2:39context of these songs of Ascent? Well,
- 2:43I'll tell you the exact context. Okay.
- 2:45Now, a couple days ago, a couple
- 2:47episodes ago, I shared this word hagim
- 2:49with you. That word means pilgrimage.
- 2:52Now, there are three great pilgrimage
- 2:56festivals for the country, for the
- 2:58nation or for the people of Israel. I'm
- 3:01actually going to give you a second.
- 3:02Let's see if you can get all three. I
- 3:05won't say anything. I'll just let you
- 3:07see if you can remember the three
- 3:10pilgrimages.
- 3:12I really, really, really want you to get
- 3:14it. And all right, if you haven't gotten
- 3:16it by now, they are okay. Number one,
- 3:19Passover. Number two, Pentecost. Number
- 3:22three, the Feast of Tabernacles. Okay,
- 3:25number one, Passover. Number two,
- 3:27Pentecost. Number three, the Feast of
- 3:30Tabernacles. Now, that meant that people
- 3:33from all over the land of Israel are
- 3:36having to come to Jerusalem. And here's
- 3:39what's true geographically about
- 3:41Jerusalem. It doesn't matter what
- 3:43direction you're coming from, north,
- 3:45south, east, or west. If you're coming
- 3:47to Jerusalem, you are going to have to
- 3:49ascend on the hills to get to Jerusalem.
- 3:53So, literally, these are songs of
- 3:56ascent. People are climbing. They are
- 3:59trekking. They are walking uphill in
- 4:04order to get to Jerusalem. Okay? And
- 4:06when you go to Jerusalem, it's I I've
- 4:09been multiple times. Jerusalem is
- 4:11surrounded by these valleys. Okay. Uh
- 4:14whether it's the Kidedron Valley, I
- 4:16can't remember all the other valleys,
- 4:17but when you're standing in Jerusalem,
- 4:19you can literally see just like valley
- 4:21after the Henum Valley, I think is the
- 4:23other one. Kiddedron Valley, the Henim
- 4:25Valley. There's all these valleys
- 4:27because Jerusalem is set on a hill. It
- 4:30is literally a city on a hill. Okay. So
- 4:34in terms of the literal geographical
- 4:38context during these three pilgrimages,
- 4:41Passover, Pentecost, and tabernacles,
- 4:43the people from all over are ascending
- 4:46in order to get to the place where God
- 4:49dwells, which is his tabernacle in
- 4:51Jerusalem. Now second on a not just
- 4:55geographical basis but on a theological
- 4:58basis in the ancient world okay the gods
- 5:02lived on mountains or up on the hills.
- 5:06Okay. So high places are typically going
- 5:10to be places of either idolatry. Hills
- 5:12are going to be places where
- 5:15geographical demonic powers are going to
- 5:19set up shop. Okay. So in the ancient
- 5:21world like think about Mount Olympus
- 5:23okay in the ancient world the mountains
- 5:26are associated with God. So in a
- 5:29geographical like you know level of
- 5:32interpretation okay you would approach
- 5:35Jerusalem from a valley and then ascend
- 5:38up the hills because Jerusalem is set in
- 5:41a valley but also theologically in the
- 5:44ancient world gods were always presented
- 5:46as dwelling or ruling on hills or
- 5:48mountains. So to approach a god, any
- 5:52god, is to always ascend to them. I want
- 5:56you to think about that. Approach and
- 5:58ascend are interchangeable words in the
- 6:01ancient world. There's another little
- 6:04kind of nerdy nugget, but it's context
- 6:06for these songs of ascent. Is that a lot
- 6:09of scholars link these 15 psalms to the
- 6:1315 steps. Okay. The Mishna says that
- 6:17there were 15 steps from the court of
- 6:19the women to the court of the Israelites
- 6:21in the second temple period. This would
- 6:23have been the second temple period is
- 6:25when Jesus is is alive. And these 15
- 6:28psalms correlate to these 15 steps. This
- 6:32has led some to think that each psalm
- 6:34was sung to one step. So you would step
- 6:38up then sing. Then you'd step again and
- 6:42then sing. step sing step sing etc etc
- 6:46etc until you reach the court of the
- 6:49Israelites. Now how much validity there
- 6:52is to that that's up to you to decide.
- 6:54What there is no debate about is that no
- 6:57matter where you were in Israel in order
- 6:59to make pilgrimage to Jerusalem for
- 7:02either Passover or Pentecost or the
- 7:05feast of tabernacles it meant that you
- 7:07had to trek uphill. Okay? It meant that
- 7:12you had to ascend the hills in order to
- 7:15meet with Yahweh. So that's the context.
- 7:19Okay? And David is set I mean David is
- 7:25determined to establish Jerusalem as the
- 7:29center of God's governance in Israel.
- 7:32Okay, I don't want to get into too much
- 7:34of a nerdy deep dive, but from a
- 7:37political perspective, okay, David is
- 7:41consolidating power, political power in
- 7:44Jerusalem. Okay, the other tribes don't
- 7:47have their own temples. All right, all
- 7:50the tribes have to rely on Judah in or
- 7:54and they have to come into Judah's
- 7:56territory in order to worship Yahweh. So
- 8:00he is centralizing
- 8:02or monopolizing
- 8:05power and the Psalms are going to make
- 8:08it clear this is God's choice. So the
- 8:11Psalms obviously are pro-David pro
- 8:14David's dynasty pro uh Jerusalem which
- 8:18is the capital that David has
- 8:20established and pro temple. Okay let's
- 8:23look at these three individual psalms.
- 8:25Let's move into our nerdy nuggets. I
- 8:26think that's enough context clues for us
- 8:29today. Uh, last thing, family, the wait
- 8:32is over. My brand new book, Crushing
- 8:35Chaos, is out now and available
- 8:38everywhere books are sold literally
- 8:42today. I walked into a Barnes & Noble
- 8:44and I signed a bunch of copies at a
- 8:47physical location. So, you can grab this
- 8:49book at a physical Barnes & Noble or you
- 8:52can go to a Books a Million or Amazon or
- 8:55anywhere books are sold and grab a copy.
- 8:58If you enjoy reading the Bible from an
- 9:01ancient perspective, if you understand
- 9:03that the beauty of scripture is actually
- 9:06knowing it in context, then you'll love
- 9:08this book. And if there's any chaos in
- 9:11your personal life, I think that reading
- 9:14the Bible from an ancient perspective
- 9:16can actually help to crush the chaos in
- 9:18your life. I think this book is going to
- 9:20be a New York Times bestseller. I really
- 9:22do. I think we wrote a good one. I think
- 9:24you should get a copy today. All right,
- 9:28back to the episode. Instruments
- 9:30wouldn't be played for any of these
- 9:32psalms, uh, these 15 psalms that we
- 9:34have. Why? Because these pilgrims are on
- 9:38a trek. Like there's no there's no space
- 9:41for instruments because they're walking
- 9:43and singing. They're walking to
- 9:45Jerusalem and singing. They're trekking
- 9:47to Jerusalem and singing. They're hiking
- 9:50to Jerusalem and singing these psalms.
- 9:53Okay. So, uh, no instruments for these
- 9:5715 psalms. All right. Let's dive into
- 10:00some nerdy nuggets. Psalm 120. This is
- 10:03an individual psalm of lament. Okay,
- 10:07individual psalm of lament. It's a
- 10:09personal lament of an unknown psalmist
- 10:11who is living outside of Israel amongst
- 10:14the Gentiles. It was likely chosen to
- 10:17begin the ascent because it's a psalm of
- 10:21someone who was far away from the temple
- 10:25asking for Yahweh's deliverance so the
- 10:27journey home can begin. One of the
- 10:30things that you're going to see in Psalm
- 10:32120 are these two locations, okay, in
- 10:36verse five. Woe to me that I dwell in
- 10:39Mesk that I live among the tents of
- 10:42Khadar. Okay, and you're going to have
- 10:45to understand geography to really
- 10:47understand what the poet is doing here
- 10:49in Psalm 120. But this is a stylistic
- 10:53technique to in to indicate two extremes
- 10:56but mean the whole kind of like from A
- 10:59to Z or heaven and earth. Okay. When we
- 11:02say that we're communicating to extremes
- 11:05and it means A Z and everything in
- 11:08between. Heaven, earth and everything in
- 11:10between. Mashk is to the far north of
- 11:13Israel geographically in the step of
- 11:16what is now known as central Asia
- 11:19whereas Qar are the people within Arabia
- 11:22to the south of Israel. This north and
- 11:26south extreme probably then is a standin
- 11:29for all the nations that God's people
- 11:32had been scattered amongst. So this
- 11:34phrase from uh Mek to Gdar means that
- 11:38all of the people scattered all over the
- 11:40earth are demanded to come back home to
- 11:45Jerusalem to worship the Lord for
- 11:47pilgrimage. Yahweh is calling them home
- 11:49to worship. This is true for the sense
- 11:52it used in the Psalms original context
- 11:54coming from exile but it is also true
- 11:57for the diaspora that will follow the
- 11:59exile. Okay, everybody, you may not
- 12:02realize this. When the Babylonians fall
- 12:06to the Persians and Israel changes hands
- 12:09from the king of Babylon to the king of
- 12:11Persia and Xerxes says they can go home.
- 12:14Not everyone goes home. Some people like
- 12:18living in Persia. Some people like
- 12:20living in Babylon. Okay, imagine, right,
- 12:24if the government of the United States
- 12:25of America said to every single black
- 12:29American or African-American, whichever
- 12:31term you feel comfortable with, "Hey,
- 12:33you can go back to Africa." Like maybe
- 12:36some of us would want to go, but I'd
- 12:38probably stay in America, you know? So,
- 12:40think about it. of the Jewish people got
- 12:42scattered throughout the Assyrian
- 12:44Empire, Babylonian Empire, now the
- 12:46Persian Empire. And uh they are they are
- 12:50released to go back to Jerusalem. But
- 12:53some of them stay. And so Yahweh is
- 12:55giving a call. Hey, for everyone that
- 12:58has stayed and created a Jewish diaspora
- 13:01all over the world for these
- 13:03pilgrimages, you come home. You ascend
- 13:06the hill of the Lord and you come home.
- 13:08All right? There will be Jews outside of
- 13:10Judea and wherever they are, Yahweh is
- 13:13still calling them home to Jerusalem to
- 13:15worship at the temple and celebrate the
- 13:17feast together. Okay, that's Psalm 120.
- 13:20Okay, Psalm 121. This psalm begins with
- 13:22one of the most famous lines in the
- 13:24whole of the Psalms. I lift up my eyes
- 13:27to the hills. From where does my help
- 13:31come from? My help comes from Yahweh who
- 13:35made heaven and earth. That's Psalm
- 13:36121:es 1 and two. Now, I'm going to say
- 13:39something I don't always say on the on
- 13:42the podcast, but you've probably been
- 13:44misinterpreting this verse like for a
- 13:47long time. Okay? A long time. I'm going
- 13:49to take a sip of coffee before we get
- 13:50into it cuz we're about to get into a
- 13:51nerdy deep dive. All right? Now, that
- 13:54I'm caffeinated, let's dive in. Now,
- 13:56most of us think, "Oh, hills and Yahweh
- 14:02are connected." So, most of us, that's
- 14:04how we interpret it. Okay? I lift up my
- 14:06eyes to the hills and Yahweh is coming
- 14:10from the hills to help. But that's
- 14:12literally just not how this should be
- 14:14interpreted. And so I'm going to provide
- 14:16context so that we can actually
- 14:18interpret it properly. Okay. Uh so here
- 14:21we go. This stanza is actually an
- 14:24anti-idolatry
- 14:26pmic. The high places of Israel and
- 14:30Judah, the hills of Israel and Judah
- 14:33were places of worship that were outside
- 14:37the place that Yahweh had chosen, which
- 14:40is Jerusalem. Yahweh says, "Only worship
- 14:42in Jerusalem. Do not worship on hills."
- 14:45So when the psalmist says, "I lift up my
- 14:48eyes to the hills," he's saying, "I'm
- 14:50lifting up my eyes to the hills." And
- 14:51there's a temptation to go worship on
- 14:54the hills. But we don't do that. Why?
- 14:56Because our help comes from Yahweh. It
- 14:58doesn't come from the hills. It comes
- 15:00from Yahweh. Okay. So, there are two
- 15:03things that the hills and the high
- 15:04places represent. Number one, they could
- 15:06be worship of pagan gods. Okay? Remember
- 15:10all throughout the Psalms, there's this
- 15:12repeated phrase. They worshiped under
- 15:14every tree and on every high hill. Okay?
- 15:17High hill and under every tree. Okay?
- 15:20These are, you know, astropoles, high
- 15:23places. Hills are spots where pagan gods
- 15:28get worshiped. But also there were
- 15:31places where people would worship Yahweh
- 15:35even though Yahweh said only worship me
- 15:37in Jerusalem. Okay, you could see this
- 15:40in John chapter 4. Actually, let's just
- 15:43go to John chapter 4. I wasn't planning
- 15:45on going to John chapter 4, but the
- 15:47Samaritan woman at the well talking to
- 15:50Jesus is asking this exact theological
- 15:53question. Which hill should we worship
- 15:56on? So verse 19 of John chapter 4, sir,
- 16:00the woman said, I can see that you're a
- 16:02prophet. Our ancestors worshiped on this
- 16:05mountain. Okay, cuz it's mountains and
- 16:08hills where people worship in the
- 16:10ancient world, but you Jews claim that
- 16:12the place where we must worship is in
- 16:15Jerusalem. Like we can't worship on this
- 16:17mountain. We got to go worship in
- 16:18Jerusalem. Okay, woman. Believe me, a
- 16:22time is coming when you will worship the
- 16:23Father neither on this mountain nor
- 16:25Jerusalem. So, okay, great. One day,
- 16:28we're not going to worship on mountains
- 16:30at all geographically. We're going to
- 16:32worship him in heaven. Verse 22, you
- 16:34Samaritans worship what we you do not
- 16:36know. Then Jesus is like, you guys are
- 16:39still freaking wrong, though. You You're
- 16:42ignorant. You worship what you do not
- 16:43know. We worship what we do know. For
- 16:47salvation is from the Jews. So Jesus
- 16:49makes it clear. We're right. Jerusalem
- 16:52is definitely the place for worship. Yet
- 16:54a time is coming and has now come when
- 16:57true worshippers will worship the father
- 16:58in spirit and in truth. The other kind
- 17:01of worshippers the father seeks. God is
- 17:03spirit. His worshippers must worship him
- 17:05in spirit and truth. So Jesus again
- 17:08makes it hey one day this is not going
- 17:11to matter because we worship in spirit.
- 17:12We worship in truth. But the fact of the
- 17:14matter is Jerusalem is the place ma'am
- 17:17and you're wrong. Okay. So mountains. So
- 17:20I lift up my eyes to the hills. From
- 17:22where does my help come?
- 17:25And the answer that is inferred but not
- 17:28given is your help doesn't come from the
- 17:30hills. Help doesn't come from idols.
- 17:33Help doesn't come from mountains that
- 17:37you've decided are good places to
- 17:39worship Yahweh, but that Yahweh has not
- 17:42consecrated as places that he would like
- 17:44to be worshiped. And I know we read this
- 17:47out of context a lot and we make it seem
- 17:50like God's coming from the hills. Yay. I
- 17:53lift up my eyes to the hills. Look,
- 17:55God's coming on the hills. And God's
- 17:57like, no, hills are synonymous with
- 18:01idolatry. That idolatry happens in two
- 18:03forms. Either worshiping pagan gods on
- 18:05the hills or worshiping him on the
- 18:08hills. But the hills are not where he's
- 18:10asked to be worshiped. He's asked to be
- 18:12worshiped on a hill, a mountain, and
- 18:15that place is Jerusalem, and you can't
- 18:19worship him anywhere else. All right, I
- 18:20hope that that's helpful and clear. All
- 18:22right, I'll read it the way that I've
- 18:24got it in my notes. Okay. Uh, there were
- 18:26two types of high places, shrines within
- 18:28city gates or the places of worship in
- 18:30the countryside at top hills or
- 18:32mountains. The hills then that this
- 18:35psalmist lifts his eyes to are these
- 18:38high places. The question he is
- 18:40pondering is in the context of where
- 18:42others worship. They worship on the
- 18:44hills worshiping Yahweh idolatrously or
- 18:47worshiping idols directly. He asks from
- 18:51where does my help come? It is not from
- 18:54the idolatrous worship at the high
- 18:56places at the hills. Rather he looks to
- 18:59the one who made the hills, who made all
- 19:03things, heaven and earth and everything
- 19:05in between. Yahweh is to be worshiped as
- 19:08creator of all things. Parts or places
- 19:11of that creation cannot take his place.
- 19:13In terms of the the ascent, this psalm
- 19:16acts as the pilgrim declaring that the
- 19:18high places are not genuine places of
- 19:20worship. Yahweh is beyond and will not
- 19:24be worshiped there which then leads
- 19:26naturally on the next psalm that lead it
- 19:29flows right into Psalm 122 because the
- 19:32pilgrim refuses the high places but then
- 19:35ascends to the place Yahweh has chosen
- 19:38for worship and that place is Jerusalem.
- 19:42So the whole point of Psalm 122 is that
- 19:44Jerusalem is set to juxtapose the high
- 19:47places of idolatry. Okay. Jerusalem is
- 19:50the chosen location chosen by Yahweh.
- 19:56Okay. Chosen by Yahweh. Not just chosen
- 19:59by David, but chosen by Yahweh. This is
- 20:03a psalm of two houses. The house of
- 20:05Yahweh and the house of David. Psalm 122
- 20:08is declaring that David and Jerusalem
- 20:10are the choices of Yahweh. This is the
- 20:13king and this is the place. It is
- 20:15identifying Jerusalem with statements
- 20:18that are made throughout the Torah.
- 20:19Okay? And before Yahweh your God in the
- 20:22place that he will choose to make his
- 20:25name dwell there, you shall eat the
- 20:28tithe of your grain, of your wine, and
- 20:31of your oil, and the firstborn of your
- 20:33herd and flock, that you might learn to
- 20:36fear Yahweh your God always. That's
- 20:38Deuteronomy 14:23.
- 20:41So Psalm 122 is drawing on these themes
- 20:45from Deuteronomy that makes it clear
- 20:48that Yahweh will choose a place, okay,
- 20:51and make his name dwell there. And David
- 20:55is making it very clear Jerusalem is
- 20:57that place where God has chosen to make
- 21:00his name dwell. All righty. In terms of
- 21:03the ascent, the pilgrim has been
- 21:05redeemed and will and return to worship,
- 21:08but not at the high places. So where
- 21:11will he worship? He will come to the
- 21:13place that Yahweh has chosen to bear his
- 21:14name. He will come to Jerusalem, the
- 21:16city of the house of David and the house
- 21:19of Yahweh. All right. What's our
- 21:21timeless truth? Our timeless truth is
- 21:24that we all have hills. We all have high
- 21:26places. We all have places where we
- 21:30worship the wrong things, where we
- 21:32worship the wrong people. and what we
- 21:35worship, who we worship, and where we
- 21:36worship always has to get reentered on
- 21:39the person of Jesus, the King of Kings
- 21:41and the Lord of Lords. It's funny
- 21:43because I have a father who for years uh
- 21:47he was going to a mosque and he was
- 21:48coming to church and I'd always ask him
- 21:49like, "What God do you believe in?" And
- 21:51he would say, "Whatever god can deliver
- 21:53me from drugs, I worship that God. I
- 21:56worship whatever God can make me sober."
- 21:59And that may sound noble, but that's
- 22:01idolatrous. That's what causes, you
- 22:03know, when I was in Uganda p I was
- 22:05living in Uganda for six months and the
- 22:07pastor at our church said, you know,
- 22:09people will come to church, you know,
- 22:10and they'll pray to get pregnant and if
- 22:12they can't get pregnant, if if God
- 22:13doesn't do a miracle, they'll go see a
- 22:15witch doctor because they haven't
- 22:18pledged allegiance to God. They just
- 22:21want to get pregnant. And they'll pledge
- 22:23allegiance to whatever God gets them
- 22:25pregnant because getting pregnant is an
- 22:27idol. For my dad, it was getting sober.
- 22:30sobriety was the idol. And if Allah
- 22:32could help me do that, if Buddha could
- 22:34help me do that, if God could help me do
- 22:36that, I'll worship whatever God can just
- 22:38help me get sober. Which means you don't
- 22:40really worship God. That's not what
- 22:42worship is. Worship is actually saying
- 22:45like the three Hebrew boys, hey
- 22:47Nebuchadnezzar, we're never going to bow
- 22:49down and God's going to deliver us from
- 22:50the fiery furnace. But let's make it
- 22:52real clear. Even if he doesn't deliver
- 22:56us, we'd rather burn than bow. That's
- 22:59real worship. We'd rather burn. I'd
- 23:02rather die than bow down. Cuz getting
- 23:05sober is not the goal. Getting pregnant
- 23:07is not the goal. Getting to heaven is
- 23:09the goal. And and bringing heaven to
- 23:11earth is the goal. That's the goal to
- 23:13dwell with God. And real worship is does
- 23:16not go after results. Real worship goes
- 23:19after a relationship. And that's not
- 23:22just true for for the people of Israel
- 23:24or for David or for the pilgrims that
- 23:27are ascending or ascending the hill of
- 23:30the Lord. That's true for me and for you
- 23:33because it is quite easy to make results
- 23:36the goal instead of making a
- 23:38relationship with God the goal. That's
- 23:41timelessly true. And that will be true
- 23:43today, yesterday, and forever more.
- 23:46Tomorrow we've got day 294. We're going
- 23:49to be looking at three more songs or
- 23:52psalms of ascent. We're going to be
- 23:54looking at Psalms 123, 124, and 125.
- 23:58Can't wait. I'm so proud of you. I love
- 24:00you so much. I'll see you right here
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About this transcript
This page contains the full transcript of Day 293: Psalms 120-122 | Read The Bible In A Year | Bible Study with Commentary by Dr. Manny Arango by The Bible Dept., generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 3,821 words across 544 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.
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