Curso1 - Derechos Humanos TED Ed — Transcript

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1. 0:00foreign
2. 0:01[Music]
3. 0:05the idea of Human Rights is that each
4. 0:09one of us no matter who we are or where
5. 0:11we are born is entitled to the same
6. 0:13basic rights and freedoms
7. 0:16human rights are not Privileges and they
8. 0:18cannot be granted or revoked they are
9. 0:21inalienable and Universal
10. 0:24that may sound straightforward enough
11. 0:26but it gets incredibly complicated as
12. 0:29soon as anyone tries to put the idea
13. 0:31into practice
14. 0:32what exactly are the basic human rights
15. 0:34who gets to pick them who enforces them
16. 0:37and how
17. 0:39the history behind the concept of Human
18. 0:41Rights is a long one throughout the
19. 0:44centuries and across societies religions
20. 0:46and cultures we have struggled with
21. 0:48defining Notions of rightfulness justice
22. 0:50and rights but one of the most modern
23. 0:53affirmations of universal human rights
24. 0:55emerged from the ruins of World War II
25. 0:57with the creation of the United Nations
26. 0:59the treaty that established the UN gives
27. 1:02as one of its purposes to reaffirm faith
28. 1:05in fundamental human rights
29. 1:08and with the same spirit in 1948 the UN
30. 1:11General Assembly adopted the universal
31. 1:13Declaration of Human Rights
32. 1:15this document written by an
33. 1:17international committee chaired by
34. 1:19Eleanor Roosevelt lays the basis for
35. 1:21modern international human rights law
36. 1:23the Declaration is based on the
37. 1:25principle that all human beings are born
38. 1:28free and equal in dignity and rights
39. 1:32it lists 30 articles recognizing among
40. 1:35other things the principle of
41. 1:36non-discrimination and the right to life
42. 1:38and Liberty it refers to negative
43. 1:40freedoms like the freedom from torture
44. 1:43or slavery as well as positive freedoms
45. 1:45such as the freedom of movement and
46. 1:47residence it encompasses basic civil and
47. 1:50political rights such as freedom of
48. 1:53expression religion or peaceful assembly
49. 1:55as well as social economic and cultural
50. 1:58rights such as the right to education
51. 2:00and the right to freely choose one's
52. 2:02occupation and be paid and treated
53. 2:04fairly
54. 2:05the Declaration takes no sides as to
55. 2:08which rights are more important
56. 2:09insisting on their universality
57. 2:12indivisibility and interdependence
58. 2:15and in the past decades international
59. 2:16human rights law has grown deepening and
60. 2:19expanding our understanding of what
61. 2:21human rights are and how to better
62. 2:23protect them
63. 2:24so if these principles are so well
64. 2:26developed then why are human rights
65. 2:29abused and ignored time and time again
66. 2:31all over the world
67. 2:34the problem in general is that it is not
68. 2:37at all easy to universally enforce these
69. 2:40rights or to punish transgressors the
70. 2:43udhr itself despite being highly
71. 2:45authoritative and respected is a
72. 2:47declaration not a hard law
73. 2:49so when individual countries violated
74. 2:51the mechanisms to address those
75. 2:53violations are weak for example the main
76. 2:57bodies within the UN in charge of
77. 2:59protecting human rights mostly Monitor
78. 3:01and investigate violations but they
79. 3:04cannot force states to say change a
80. 3:06policy or compensate a victim
81. 3:09that's why some critics say it's naive
82. 3:12to consider human rights a given in a
83. 3:14world where State interests wield so
84. 3:16much power
85. 3:17critics also question the universality
86. 3:20of Human Rights and emphasize that their
87. 3:22development has been heavily Guided by a
88. 3:25small number of mostly Western Nations
89. 3:27to the detriment of inclusiveness the
90. 3:30result
91. 3:31a general bias in favor of civil
92. 3:33political Liberties over socio-political
93. 3:35rights and of individual over Collective
94. 3:38or groups rights
95. 3:40others defend Universal human rights
96. 3:42laws and point at the positive role they
97. 3:45have on setting International standards
98. 3:47and helping activists in their campaigns
99. 3:49they also point out that not all
100. 3:52international human rights instruments
101. 3:53are powerless for example the European
102. 3:56convention on human rights establishes a
103. 3:59court where the 47-member countries and
104. 4:01their citizens can bring cases the court
105. 4:03issues binding decisions that each
106. 4:05member state must comply with
107. 4:08human rights law is constantly evolving
108. 4:10as are our views and definitions of what
109. 4:13the basic human rights should be
110. 4:15for example how basic or important is
111. 4:18the right to democracy or to development
112. 4:20and as our lives are increasingly
113. 4:23digital should there be a right to
114. 4:25access the internet a right to digital
115. 4:27privacy what do you think
116. 4:38[Music]