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CULTURAL HERITAGE | The Making of Filipino Identity and Heritage — Transcript

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0:00as defined by law cultural heritage
0:03refers to the totality of cultural
0:05property preserved and developed through
0:07time and passed on to posterity cultural
0:10property refers to all products of human
0:12creativity by which a people and a
0:14nation reveal their identity
0:16these include churches mosques and other
0:19places of worship schools and Natural
0:22History specimens and sites whether
0:24public or privately owned movable or
0:26immovable and tangible or intangible in
0:29this series of lectures esteemed
0:31educators from our national university
0:33land pertinent discussions thus open
0:35academic discourses on Philippine
0:37cultural heritage relating to their
0:39respective fields of discipline and
0:41expertise this can and may be used as
0:43resource materials for further learning
0:45and study
0:53[Music]
1:11[Music]
1:46public intellectual arnold Ezrin Orlick
1:49idomeni explains to us the making of
1:51filipino identity and heritage through
1:53conversion inversion and subversion he
1:56points out through historical events how
1:58Lucas accepted colonial culture and
2:00customized it becoming their own to
2:02eventually be used in opposing this
2:04foreign imposition
2:09I was just recalling the times of Jehu
2:16and Gabriela Salaam when they tried to
2:19take over the capital of locals in vegan
2:26but unfortunately even gay go realized
2:32that his followers were more Catholic
2:37than rebellious so that when his own
2:41friend was convinced by the bishop to
2:46just kill his friend Jo it was an easy
2:50matter to undertake such assassination
2:55and even the followers of Salaam were
2:58not very keen in coming to his let's say
3:05so-called and so when when Gabriela
3:12tried to make a comeback in order to
3:16cease the government range in vegan she
3:23also didn't succeed in her effort and we
3:29can say is that at that point in time it
3:32began was the bastion of colonization
3:36and not only a bastion of political
3:42control but also a religious centre
3:50because it was the capital of the
3:54Diocese of nueva Segovia so
3:59we can say here is that the cultural
4:05conversion of the ilocanos at that point
4:10was more a persuasive part of the
4:18lifestyle but it becomes a different
4:22matter
4:22when in in 20 rudder in 1807 when the
4:33Ilocanos started to wage another
4:37rebellion which is unfortunately cold
4:41baths durable more popular when actually
4:46it should be called the AL cement oh oh
4:49embarrassed Oh al cement adjust the
4:53uprising because that is what the
4:56scholars at the time and the Friars
4:59folded besides there is no semantics in
5:04the english ind spanish language called
5:07possible that is an Americanism and it
5:14was even noticed by the art historian
5:17art critic patrick flores that maybe the
5:21past year appalled name is misnomer and
5:25she said that because it the way it
5:33labeled the struggle the bloody struggle
5:37was that it would seem that the the sole
5:45purpose of waging is to have more bassy
5:50in the glasses and
5:54which was not the case in fact it was
6:00the possible the label is very
6:03unfortunate because it didn't give much
6:07value to the struggle for freedom but
6:13then it was not only the textbook voters
6:18but also the veteran story ins who were
6:23disputed by the term Becerra world for
6:28instance even Renato Constantino a an
6:32pre-eminent historian one time wrote in
6:38his column in bulletin today that this
6:44this disparagingly he said the local
6:49news sometimes waging rebellions only
6:53because they want to drink more bassy
6:57contrary to the legitimacy of the label
7:03possible as causing the anger of the
7:10people to become an uproar yes because
7:15they are disgusted with the lack of basi
7:18to drink for their self-indulgence let
7:24me go to the observation of the
7:29Augustinian provincial at the time
7:34he he said that the course of the
7:40insurrection of 1807 which we should now
7:44call as it was properly called by
7:47historian is about the news arranges
7:50that it should be called al cement or
7:55the amperage to the uprising of memory
7:57stone the leader the causes of which was
8:04traced by the equestrian provincial
8:07disguise the Ilocano injures at the time
8:11have become a Steven as those of other
8:15provinces they still cows horses and
8:22carabaos from their fellow induce and
8:25those engaged in these businesses are
8:29ready to do bad things
8:31it must not surprise it national it is
8:35not surprising that many of these are
8:38deserters who started the rebellion in
8:42the mountains of fatigue others join
8:46them after the fire broke out some
8:50Spaniards were deserting their ranks
8:54their role as protectors of bigan and so
9:00this lack of basi cannot be considered
9:04as the reason for the rebellion and it
9:11should also be considered that other
9:17but servers like this with father
9:20Vicente Aleman wrote in 1768 that is
9:26long before the break out of the
9:31alimentar he said the Jesuit elements
9:36yes with other elements said a third of
9:41the infantry in vegan and Ilocos was
9:45made up of poor exiled from Mexico
9:48the master de Campo was some official
9:52who could not go beyond Alvarez lowly
9:55official in the army
9:57generally those who went to the
10:00Philippines at the time were the ones
10:02who were too lazy in America called pure
10:06asanas and had originally fled from
10:11Spain they were criminals they were
10:14exiled Creoles called
10:17what cinemas in the Philippines that is
10:21from father Jesuit Father
10:24alamin so what we are saying here is
10:26that unlike the
10:28ilocanos and their leaders or the under
10:32Kylie Ana's in the time of Jerusalem's
10:36rebellion this does in Kansas then
10:40should we should we should tend to be
10:44more religious and more believing in the
10:48power of the bishop and the priests but
10:52this time the the people in northern
10:56zone even the Spaniards included were
11:02described this way I can assure you
11:06wrote father le monde that of all the
11:09Spaniards I met in Manila there were
11:13only two or three who had gone
11:15legitimately that is almost all were
11:18fugitives for having been appointed by
11:22the court all the rest were police
11:25honest
11:26deserters and Creoles from there that
11:30are called
11:31Watty Ramos it would be the greatest
11:34human comedy in the world if every
11:37resident of Manila were to play his own
11:40role because then we would see backs
11:43scarred with witnesses and other marks
11:47hardened soldiers and non priests
11:50celebrating Mass and hearing confessions
11:53over punished in Mexico by the tribunal
11:58of the Inquisition some found themselves
12:01coming weeks
12:03others scratching beards and still
12:06others clutching felons or whipping them
12:09all of these and more you will see in
12:13the Philippines so the point is that at
12:17the time that the alsa be entered
12:19embarrassed or broke out the most of the
12:28people that were involved in anarchic
12:34and artistic activities and according to
12:40some historians the there were more
12:44people in valleys in the hinterlands
12:48that were seeking shelter from from
12:54create such extensive criminality so the
12:58we could now see that the people at the
13:03time were less religious and their
13:07desire to fight
13:11monopolies in tobacco in wine in all the
13:18rest of the products that were consumed
13:21by the people in order to raise taxes
13:24for the government the people were just
13:29not in they were not anymore the
13:40religious plaque that they were in the
13:45time of Jerusalem in fact isabel de los
13:52reyes began you even wrote here in his
13:58book in 1807 then people were not
14:04predisposed to anything good and in the
14:07month of July some recruits fled began
14:11and talked refuge in the mountains of PD
14:14what they were joined by many
14:17discontented people they tried to get
14:21the people of sera to rebel when they
14:24failed however they returned to the
14:27mountains taking with them the drums
14:30that were in the van tiles
14:33what's towers of
14:37so I would having him emphasize that the
14:44name
14:47basura ball is very much a misnomer as
14:52also asserted by the art story and
14:57Patrick Flores then we might as well
15:03make use of the real name used by the
15:08story ins at that time which was used
15:13the AL semion today embarrassed Oh even
15:17up to the American period up to 1931
15:22when when a Ventura Bell you another
15:26became new historian that tried to make
15:31a recollection of the whole event this
15:38al cemento was very important the way I
15:44look at it in in the sense that it was
15:47the first time that finally the rebels
15:51in northern Luzon made use of the term
15:58Filipino not as referring to the
16:05traditional meaning of Phillip of
16:10Spaniards born in the his last Filipinas
16:14that used to be the regular meaning but
16:18remember that I was showing that the
16:21Spaniards themselves were so much
16:23engaged in mudslinging by name-calling
16:27because at that time
16:31Spain and Mexico were also collapsing as
16:36centers of the Empire overlooking or
16:40controlling the Islas Filipinas so what
16:45what happened was that the term Filipino
16:49became marginalized in the means of the
16:53name-calling question am most police
16:56honest and whatever bad name they can
17:02the Spaniard can call each other so that
17:06the rebels in the Al cemento finally
17:16grabbed the term Filipino and use it on
17:21themselves as they're known the girl as
17:24the Bandung name to them put themselves
17:31and so this was shown by the by this
17:34story ins at the time when they said
17:37that the constant battle cry of the
17:44rebels at the time while they were
17:46approaching the bastion of bigan the
17:53colonial bastion their battle cry was a
17:57pansy filipino where españoles so it was
18:04a surprising turn of events and some
18:08[Music]
18:10turn around in semantics because that
18:13term Filipinos were reserved at before
18:19that the rebellion to the Spaniards born
18:22in the Philippines but now this time the
18:26rebellion grab the product of conversion
18:30of the term Filipino and then made it
18:34into
18:35they're inverted meaning by calling
18:38themselves the real Filipinos now how
18:44how how sure are we that the inversion
18:52of the meaning of Filipino referring to
18:55the Spaniards born in the Philippines to
18:58refer instead to the rebels it's very
19:04clear in two books written by historians
19:08we let me the the two books reevaluating
19:15the events and documents of that
19:18volatile epoch suffice to supplant the
19:22devious propaganda of the colonial
19:24rulers and priors that it was merely a
19:29change of semantics but not change of
19:36real a deeper meaning the the books that
19:44are relevant for this deeper change of
19:50meaning of Filipino from the Spaniard to
19:54the rebels are the books the events of
20:001872 national glories by manuel artiguez
20:05Yerba and another book father to save
20:09Burgos a documentary history by John
20:14schumacher together they depend the
20:21traditional claim hope I will see you
20:28that according to him there was no
20:32national history prior to 1872 because
20:38there are no Filipinos then all the
20:42Filipinos were not actually the
20:45inhabitants fighting for the freedom
20:49that is the claim of the idea that
20:52before 1872 said conciliar there were
21:00there was no national history prior to
21:05872 because the histories then were
21:10written by the Friars about their own
21:13activities but what I am now trying to
21:17assert here is that the national
21:21identity and history was already born in
21:26the 1807 revolt and that was the
21:34birthing of the new meaning of Filipino
21:39to refer only to the Filipinos born to
21:47anybody born in the Islas Filipinas
21:51so what I am saying to be to be clear
21:54what I am saying is that while Filipinos
21:58used to the Filipinos as a term used to
22:02refer to the name of the king of Spain
22:06this time
22:08fighters in the cement oh of an Aristo
22:13they are now referring the term
22:16filipinos only to anyone born in its
22:20last Filipinas there is no more
22:23referencing to let's say the king the
22:26name of the king of Spain okay and how
22:32did it how did it follow through that
22:39the term Filipino finally became our own
22:43identity today now what happened was
22:47that when the term Filipino was first
22:53uses the battlecry to identify the
22:56rebels themselves as the real Filipinos
22:59while the spanoulis have been identified
23:03by them to be the enemy to be removed
23:10from office at that time although there
23:16was a lot of bloodshed that led to the
23:19defeat of the servant of the rebels
23:25there that was already the infancy Oh
23:32would be rebel priests Padre who say
23:36bogus'
23:37who was also from the door exactly from
23:40vegan and at that time he must have been
23:45absorbing his consciousness many of the
23:49legends and as well as the Pope memories
23:54of that also
23:56today embarrassed oh so that when he was
23:59starting to debate argue with with the
24:05Friars about the necessity of advancing
24:10the rights of the secular priests into
24:16having more cathedrals more churches for
24:23the secular priests the rebellious
24:30father but revolvers started calling
24:34himself Filipino Indiana so now we have
24:42a new semantics for the self
24:47identification self identification of
24:51the revolvers and company by calling
24:57himself in Filipino Indiana meaning
25:02native-born Filipino so that was very
25:06empathic and the next shift to deepening
25:14the meaning of Filipino to go deep into
25:22the consciousness of people at the time
25:25was when Jose Rizal they were very much
25:31influenced by but revolvers wrote a poem
25:36la Juventud Filipino Filipina meaning to
25:42the young Filipino to the youth of the
25:46Philippines
25:47he said you have no other motherland but
25:55Pilipinas so we have bad river goes
25:59influencing result in redefining
26:04filipino and in fact this cannot be
26:09doubted the influence of but the more
26:12goes to result because it was result in
26:14Cebu said that if not for 1872 meaning
26:19the martyrdom of Burgos Romans and
26:22Zamora if not for 1872 I might have not
26:27written my novels whistle said I might
26:31have become instead this way so that
26:36that is an assertion of that I borrow so
26:41much from Padre bull goes who was the
26:46first to make documentary fact that the
26:51Filipino is Indiana and that refers to
26:55the freedom fighting but lots of
27:01inhabitants and then what is the next
27:08shift of the term Filipino was when the
27:18the rebels themselves in at the end of
27:23the eighteen hundred's
27:24meaning the Katipunan led rebellion he
27:28started calling themselves in there are
27:32us let's say la Filipina la revolution
27:37Filipina that was the open area mabini
27:40so when they when these freedom fighters
27:48went to Malolos in order to make the
27:56constitution they also called the the
28:00end-product the Malolos Constitution but
28:07Republica Filipina so Filipina has
28:12definitely been grabbed and it's the
28:17process of inversion that I was
28:18referring to the term Filipina has now
28:22been grabbed by the freedom fighters
28:25that that it has no longer any value to
28:30the to the ruling class especially to
28:35the Spaniards so but it's not only even
28:41in this field of less political identity
28:45following the Republic la república de
28:50filipinas
28:51they also called the the branch of the
28:54church equip e'en into iglesia Filipina
29:00Independiente okay so everything has
29:04been Filipina filipino since the time
29:09that it was first expressed as a battle
29:13cry in the also bientôt
29:17the amber is too way back in 1807 so we
29:22now we know that there has already been
29:25a separation hope the semantics of
29:31Filipino Filipina from the name of the
29:36king of Spain so when in some of my
29:40lectures outside around Asia I usually
29:45was asked by by some corners the
29:50question how come you are the only
29:53country that allows itself to be called
29:57by the name of the king and so I take
30:01the chance to explain
30:02what I'm saying now that though the term
30:06Filipino has been uprooted from its
30:11former meaning as referring to the king
30:15of Spain it is it has been implanted
30:21rooted there and then implanted to beam
30:25the Islas Filipinas
30:29that the motherland is called Filipinas
30:34and then it it is already liberated by
30:39the revolutionary process that our
30:44freedom fighters went through starting
30:48from the is a group starting from the a
30:54zambian to the embarrassed oh this is
30:58Arnold Molina Nasreen sung s : na na - -
31:05and taua in nomine Kazama professor
31:10named bian at her dominate Papa - Lisa -
31:16Louie Louie Baba who active mama inside
31:20starting Casa Sian are heretics
31:24maraming salamat
31:33you

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