[CS61C FA20] Weekly Lecture 05.LIVE - RISC-V & CALL — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:02did you start can i start webinar say
2. 0:03yes
3. 0:05uh hang on hang on i started
4. 0:07it's live i push the button
5. 0:09[Laughter]
6. 0:14among our participants if we have
7. 0:18our guests to promote
8. 0:27okay
9. 0:29perfect all right welcome everybody we
10. 0:31got 64.
11. 0:33we should have we should have a guest on
12. 0:34like we should have our little gamble
13. 0:36and how many people we'll see
14. 0:38i hope more people come today today's a
15. 0:40day of big announcements we're excited
16. 0:42to share all these with you live
17. 0:44welcome everybody
18. 0:46boy i'm going to highlight you
19. 0:48if that's okay
20. 0:49spotlight you
21. 0:51or is that right
22. 0:52okay let me figure out how to do this i
23. 0:54can't seem to do it
24. 0:56okay click spotlight for everyone there
25. 0:59we go okay
26. 1:01you are spotlit
27. 1:02and we're we're past 410 we should start
28. 1:04welcome everybody
29. 1:06to cs61c
30. 1:08hello
31. 1:10all right you're up borah
32. 1:13i'm up all right hi everyone well um i
33. 1:17am trying to still spot our
34. 1:20i can change slides forward i can change
35. 1:22the sound
36. 1:23no you're not good
37. 1:24you're looking
38. 1:26oh in a participant's list right right
39. 1:29in the participants list because i sent
40. 1:31her both uh right
41. 1:33the panelist invitation and a regular
42. 1:35invitation where i sent a regular
43. 1:37invitation for her admin and i i you
44. 1:40know
45. 1:40doing these kind of things is a
46. 1:42non-trivial thing
47. 1:43um if you're in a government office
48. 1:49hi everybody i'm hoping everybody is
49. 1:52doing better now uh
50. 1:54with the project behind us and we are
51. 1:56going to try to help really everybody
52. 1:58get
53. 2:00through
54. 2:01the the
55. 2:02next few weeks in in a better way
56. 2:06so
57. 2:07um agenda for today is um
58. 2:10we want to
59. 2:11go over the week four we are looking at
60. 2:13a very um self-contained
61. 2:18module that is risk five we have covered
62. 2:20um almost all of it so
63. 2:23if you watch the this week's lectures
64. 2:24you're ready to go to cover
65. 2:27homework
66. 2:284 and
67. 2:29projects 2 a and b
68. 2:31so it's
69. 2:34just the project's time so things will
70. 2:36should go
71. 2:37relatively smoothly and there should be
72. 2:39enough time there are a few more
73. 2:40important announcements but i'm going to
74. 2:42save that for a few minutes later
75. 2:44now
76. 2:46or can i just add a quickie like quite a
77. 2:47quick yeah
78. 2:48we're kind of doing a little like you
79. 2:49know two two microphones uh thing
80. 2:52most people have seen a c like language
81. 2:54before that was the requirement for this
82. 2:56class
83. 2:57but most people have not seen
84. 3:00any kind i just had this any kind of
85. 3:03assembly code i mean it would be rare if
86. 3:04somebody came into 61c having touched
87. 3:06assembly before so basically this is new
88. 3:08for everybody and we understand that and
89. 3:10we're hoping that through our courses of
90. 3:12the lab and the homework and the project
91. 3:13we're kind of ramping up assuming you've
92. 3:15done none of this before remember the c
93. 3:17was you've mostly done algorithms before
94. 3:18done software engineering before and a c
95. 3:21like language this is just to see
96. 3:22particulars and we try to how hopefully
97. 3:24you enjoyed project one and one a and
98. 3:25one b in terms of making it fun with
99. 3:27some graphical output in this life and
100. 3:28all that stuff
101. 3:30but two is new and we're trying to
102. 3:32channel in some of the excitement of of
103. 3:34the machine learning part you want to
104. 3:36talk about a little bit about that what
105. 3:372a is going to do for them but i'm sure
106. 3:38they've seen it but it's exciting to try
107. 3:40to bring this really fun idea of
108. 3:42you know number recognition but do it at
109. 3:43the level of the assembler so this is
110. 3:46new and i hope you enjoy project 2a as
111. 3:47well at the end we'll always take a
112. 3:48survey of what projects you've liked it
113. 3:50in the past people have liked one and
114. 3:51they've also like two so hopefully um
115. 3:53you'll enjoy too as well
116. 3:55yeah and i mean there is a natural
117. 3:57downshift in speed that we uh did uh
118. 4:01going into
119. 4:02this five module um the the
120. 4:06first time a slower speaker than is that
121. 4:07than than as we have already established
122. 4:10and i really want one i i started
123. 4:13recording essentially at the speed that
124. 4:16uh you know the pace that we would
125. 4:17deliver this in live lectures and then i
126. 4:20realized that i'm just not giving enough
127. 4:22details and i'm not i'm never stop even
128. 4:24with myself i'm never really stopping
129. 4:27never letting this information sink in
130. 4:30so i
131. 4:31watched my own videos and said oh i need
132. 4:32to slow down a bit and i need to you
133. 4:35know double up on explanations so what
134. 4:38you find out that the videos are a
135. 4:40little bit longer now um but
136. 4:44i'm repetitive so i mean if you feel
137. 4:46like that it is uh
138. 4:48um
139. 4:50it is too much you know skip you know
140. 4:52fast forward you know get the 10 second
141. 4:54forward
142. 4:55button going but try to you know i try
143. 4:58to always explain the same thing from
144. 4:59approximately two angles every time
145. 5:02there is a new concept i try to give two
146. 5:04explanations and hopefully i'm
147. 5:06succeeding um
148. 5:07uh
149. 5:08we know that people have not seen
150. 5:10machine language and people have not
151. 5:12seen assembly before but it is intuitive
152. 5:14it is very simple um there are no deep
153. 5:18concepts but
154. 5:20it
155. 5:21does it is different way of thinking so
156. 5:22spend some time uh trying to figure that
157. 5:25out from what am i seeing from piazza
158. 5:27questions that have come
159. 5:29through so far people seem to to get it
160. 5:32um but feel you know if something if
161. 5:34their concept that they're missing or
162. 5:37they're not clear
163. 5:38keep keep rolling these questions
164. 5:41and i want to add make sure people if
165. 5:42they didn't if they missed this last
166. 5:44time
167. 5:44we're the number one department in the
168. 5:46world arguably in computer science and
169. 5:48computer engineering
170. 5:50i can't think of anybody better on our
171. 5:51entire faculty the top in the world than
172. 5:53borah to deliver these lectures on risk
173. 5:55five so i'm just so proud to be able to
174. 5:57learn from borah i'm just i want to say
175. 5:59sit back and just i'm in awe of all that
176. 6:01you know about risk five you know the
177. 6:02history you know the back story and you
178. 6:04know where it's going it's i learned so
179. 6:05much from listening to you so i just
180. 6:06wanted to add that at the end because i
181. 6:08really appreciate it thank you
182. 6:11i don't deserve that but
183. 6:14um
184. 6:15one thing that they didn't notice is
185. 6:17that some of our you know somebody just
186. 6:19spotted that three-year-old bug that we
187. 6:21have in an encoding and one thing that
188. 6:23you know why these bugs exist
189. 6:25uh students don't know this
190. 6:27um risk 5 has since it's so new this
191. 6:31changed some of the encoding so
192. 6:32instructions
193. 6:34and that's a living breathing beast you
194. 6:36got to keep up with it yeah exactly no
195. 6:38but it's now frozen since last year
196. 6:40since fall last year it is frozen so
197. 6:42there is five spec is ratified although
198. 6:44you know it does not be reflected in
199. 6:46every single one of our slides
200. 6:48um so we need to do some effort
201. 6:53in
202. 6:53cleaning and it's almost like we need to
203. 6:55draw draw a line in the sand and say
204. 6:57you're learning risk 5 version bloop is
205. 7:00it version 20
206. 7:01october what version are we learning as
207. 7:03we're kind of working with something so
208. 7:05maybe
209. 7:06are there big lines in the sand where
210. 7:07they say this is the new like you know
211. 7:08c99 c18 are are there lines in the sand
212. 7:12where they say this is a new change and
213. 7:13we're giving it a new name it's always
214. 7:15important to know what those are exactly
215. 7:17unfortunately they just give them
216. 7:18numbers so whatever
217. 7:211.7.6 or something like that
218. 7:24right so but that's the one that went
219. 7:26through the through the vote and that is
220. 7:28the one that is frozen yep there are a
221. 7:29few interesting things that happen there
222. 7:31they drop three instructions from the
223. 7:33base so maybe more five six instructions
224. 7:35from the base so actually what we teach
225. 7:36in 61c which you'll find out when you
226. 7:39watch this is literally the base
227. 7:41instruction set for rv 32i so um
228. 7:45um any out of the
229. 7:48of the shelf uh compiler should work
230. 7:51with your code
231. 7:53if we get uh if you get all these
232. 7:55encodings right um so
233. 7:58a commercial compiler should be able to
234. 8:00compile your code not just linux which
235. 8:02is quite exciting
236. 8:04and you can do things with it
237. 8:07later on and you know when there is
238. 8:08really distress 5
239. 8:11pc you can run it on respect pc whoever
240. 8:14gets their hands on that
241. 8:15quick i mean that's quite interesting
242. 8:17quite amazing i think um
243. 8:21um
244. 8:23so um but i wanted to move on because we
245. 8:26have other important stuff um we were
246. 8:28supposed to have a very important guest
247. 8:30but i think uh the guest is uh
248. 8:34we might have over estimated our
249. 8:35abilities or her abilities but let me
250. 8:38ride through a few pieces of news
251. 8:41and let me see if i can share some
252. 8:43slides
253. 8:45um
254. 8:48some people might have seen
255. 8:50some of these news
256. 8:51before
257. 8:53that what you'll find out a lot of
258. 8:55research in the us in
259. 8:58leading universities funded by
260. 9:01the agency that is called darpa which
261. 9:04stands for defense advanced research
262. 9:05projects agency
263. 9:07and some people think i mean
264. 9:10that they do some very creepy stuff no
265. 9:12their idea is to move for the
266. 9:14technological agenda to to
267. 9:17you know if you read the mission
268. 9:18statement is to prevent technological
269. 9:21surprises
270. 9:22darpa was founded
271. 9:24in
272. 9:24[Music]
273. 9:261959
274. 9:28after us was surprised by the launch of
275. 9:31a sputnik
276. 9:32and at that time president kennedy said
277. 9:36this is not going to happen again uh
278. 9:38started arpa to prevent a technological
279. 9:41surprise and then i think that has been
280. 9:43amended you know to prevent
281. 9:44technological surprises by creating them
282. 9:47and there are quite a few things that
283. 9:49that have happened that are very
284. 9:50relevant to this class and the things
285. 9:52that we do
286. 9:53in this slide what you will see
287. 9:55um there have been projects uh
288. 9:58with quite a bit of impact um they
289. 10:01started this thing which was called
290. 10:03arpanet that turned into an internet a
291. 10:06minor accomplishment i mean that was a
292. 10:07tiny project that was
293. 10:09it's true
294. 10:10that's exactly right
295. 10:12to connect a couple of uh terminals back
296. 10:15then um
297. 10:16and now that's it
298. 10:18there was a big program uh back in the
299. 10:2170s and 80s to
300. 10:24develop
301. 10:25very large-scale integration
302. 10:27meaning
303. 10:28better and better chips to ride the
304. 10:30moore's law uh we talked about moore's
305. 10:32law but every few years there was
306. 10:34somebody that came up with a reason why
307. 10:36will moore's law law stop
308. 10:38uh while we'll will attend um so
309. 10:41initially more projected it was going to
310. 10:43go till 1975 and there are people that
311. 10:45are you know having the the end date you
312. 10:47know written you know 1978
313. 10:501980 1983 i mean every few years there
314. 10:53was a reason why there should be no more
315. 10:55moore's law
316. 10:56and
317. 10:58some folks in the airport took that as a
318. 11:00mission well we are not going to
319. 11:02let mars law stop because it's a good
320. 11:04thing
321. 11:05for everything
322. 11:06um um so risk one and two were darker
323. 11:10projects some people did not know that i
324. 11:12mean
325. 11:12i
326. 11:22um
327. 11:22similarly this time was not invented by
328. 11:24darpa but our first realizations of this
329. 11:26five were part of the aqua projects it
330. 11:29was kind of a funny thing
331. 11:30then uh darpa called for building
332. 11:32specialized communists and it that's
333. 11:34really difficult
334. 11:36to do
335. 11:37with um somebody else's instruction set
336. 11:39that you can't touch but we had our own
337. 11:41instructions that should do whatever we
338. 11:43wanted
339. 11:44he could build a specialized computer
340. 11:47we clearly
341. 11:49aced that program
342. 11:54um so
343. 11:56um
344. 11:57well um
345. 11:59[Music]
346. 12:00darpa has a new set of things that
347. 12:02they're after now
348. 12:04it is a big piece of news so these
349. 12:07people that we have elected
350. 12:09to represent us in congress and senate
351. 12:11would tend to make this make us upset
352. 12:13but occasionally they do get together
353. 12:15and make
354. 12:17these big bipartisan moves and the big
355. 12:20one that has been boiling or cooking up
356. 12:22this summer
357. 12:25is about um
358. 12:28the
359. 12:29so-called chips bill that is supposed to
360. 12:32be 22
361. 12:35billion dollar
362. 12:36total bill to advance uh semiconductors
363. 12:39in the u.s that involves some
364. 12:42manufacturing some people have seen
365. 12:43about the fab coming up in
366. 12:46in
367. 12:47arizona
368. 12:49but also a lot of
369. 12:51funding for innovation to innovate
370. 12:53things
371. 12:54to
372. 12:55extend uh whatever is the moore's law
373. 12:57and whatever comes after the marsh law
374. 12:59that will help develop this technology
375. 13:02so
376. 13:03uh in that sense
377. 13:05um
378. 13:06darpa got a new
379. 13:08director and she was supposed to join us
380. 13:10she might join us we don't know uh we'll
381. 13:13still um um
382. 13:16i'm looking at i don't see her on the on
383. 13:18the
384. 13:18attendees list i'm hoping
385. 13:20that she didn't just have her
386. 13:21neighborhood you know today was her
387. 13:23first job uh first day for the job first
388. 13:26day in the office uh taking the job
389. 13:28she's i think only the second or third
390. 13:30female to lead the darpa
391. 13:32um and
392. 13:34she her previous appointment was at
393. 13:36berkeley which is very interesting so we
394. 13:38tried to get her on the first date but
395. 13:40i'm guessing she is busy she might join
396. 13:42us
397. 13:43um
398. 13:44do you know do you know the size of the
399. 13:45budget she controls for it you know like
400. 13:47i mean darpa is a very deep pocketed
401. 13:49organization much deeper than nsf it's
402. 13:53i think it's a it's it's a it's an
403. 13:55annual budget it probably goes from uh
404. 13:59i you know
405. 14:01the the
406. 14:02i think about 300 million out of this
407. 14:05bill are supposed to be managed by the
408. 14:07alpha so this chips bill is enormous
409. 14:09it's too big for darpa but they're
410. 14:12supposed to do the research and i think
411. 14:13about two to three hundred million are
412. 14:15going to be managed by therefore to try
413. 14:17to
414. 14:17advance things because darpa has a
415. 14:20ability to
416. 14:21you know start the projects
417. 14:23manage them review them kill them as
418. 14:25they don't turn out to be
419. 14:28working
420. 14:28out right and keep keep going
421. 14:32um
422. 14:33yeah
423. 14:34i i'm just looking up while you are
424. 14:36you're doing this i was just looking
425. 14:36this up i know we're trying to stall
426. 14:38here but
427. 14:38i was looking this up and it says that
428. 14:40darpa's annual budget is 3.56 billion
429. 14:43nsf's annual budget is eight point three
430. 14:45billion so it's bigger than darpa's but
431. 14:48the size budget cise which is the
432. 14:50computing and information technology is
433. 14:52a smaller part of that so comparing size
434. 14:54to that darpa's a lot of amitabh is
435. 14:56everything you know but but the
436. 14:58computing part of nsf is smaller than
437. 15:00that yeah darpa is focused primarily on
438. 15:02technology right nsf funds all kinds of
439. 15:05things and we will have some of the
440. 15:06progress later assuming that she can you
441. 15:08know there is a lot of science that is
442. 15:10outside of technology database trade
443. 15:13engineering
444. 15:14um
445. 15:16no um can i bring up another yeah yeah
446. 15:19if i were to bring up another computing
447. 15:20in the news that we don't have a slide
448. 15:22for but i just want to talk about them
449. 15:23i'll i'll even just i'll highlight
450. 15:24physically let me just grab my thing and
451. 15:26highlight myself really fast boop
452. 15:28uh spotlight remove spotlight okay um so
453. 15:32i wanted to add that
454. 15:35there is a pink there is a
455. 15:39um
456. 15:40they would have had had
457. 15:42some lawyers not
458. 15:44come into to play to order a state order
459. 15:47they would have quit
460. 15:48tick tock and wechat um and
461. 15:53there were a lot boy oh boy there were a
462. 15:56lot of concern about many people who are
463. 15:58using this for their own livelihoods a
464. 15:59lot of people are using more people
465. 16:01using wechat for their livelihoods than
466. 16:03tick tock but there are some artists who
467. 16:04are using tic tac for the livelihoods
468. 16:06and it looks like both of those are
469. 16:07going to be resolved now it looks like
470. 16:09that
471. 16:10tick tock is going to be bought
472. 16:11by uh walmart
473. 16:14and oracle oracle's here in the bay area
474. 16:16and it looks like wechat was just going
475. 16:18to be canceled altogether and there was
476. 16:20a a judge ordered a stay of that order
477. 16:22so right now those people would have i
478. 16:24mean you could have your whole business
479. 16:26based on wechat and the community you've
480. 16:28built around that it's mostly a chinese
481. 16:30app it's amazing how you can put your
482. 16:32credit card in there do so many things
483. 16:33through that but it sounds like um
484. 16:36they're right now they're just they're
485. 16:38in a holding pattern right now a lot of
486. 16:40people were trying to download all the
487. 16:41pictures and all the contacts they could
488. 16:42as much as possible but even those are
489. 16:43very hard to do because you only know
490. 16:44them through wechat so this is for a big
491. 16:46community who uses wechat as their
492. 16:48lifeblood this was a really really big
493. 16:50deal and it looks like they're just
494. 16:51gonna be on hold now so so that's an
495. 16:53issue um so we'll see with that but it's
496. 16:56it was it was scary it was really hard i
497. 16:57mean i was feeling for all the people
498. 16:59who were just using is passively using
499. 17:00it you know not harmful you know good
500. 17:02working american companies using wechat
501. 17:04to connect with their customers and all
502. 17:06of that would have been gone but imagine
503. 17:07taking your phones away you don't have
504. 17:08any other way to find the customers and
505. 17:09all those contacts you've had so crazy
506. 17:11um so uh i think that's they're both
507. 17:14resolved i think the tick check is going
508. 17:15to be fine what i'm hearing is 20 is
509. 17:17going to be owned by walmart and oracle
510. 17:19and 80 will still be owned by china but
511. 17:21there'll be enough seats on the board to
512. 17:23be able to make the people who in
513. 17:24washington happy i don't know what the
514. 17:26future of wechat is but if i i don't
515. 17:28know but i would take your data off of
516. 17:30it if you can if there's a way to get
517. 17:31grab your data off of it and grab the
518. 17:32context off of it try to do that because
519. 17:34who knows what will happen when the
520. 17:35state gets lifted but that's it i just
521. 17:37want to add that that was relevant for a
522. 17:38lot of people in cs10 i want to share
523. 17:40that as well here
524. 17:41so uh in the meantime while dan was
525. 17:43talking about the sphere
526. 17:47guest for today thank you spare guest
527. 17:49it's jared zerby let's allow him to talk
528. 17:52oh wonderful
529. 17:53hi jared good to see you
530. 17:55um i know if you guys remember is he
531. 17:57allowed to talk yeah he's allowed to
532. 17:59talk
533. 17:59[Laughter]
534. 18:02i guess
535. 18:03yeah i i've even got my uh my bwc uh
536. 18:06anniversary uh jacket on here if i can
537. 18:09get my video going uh how are you guys
538. 18:11doing this seems like a pretty fun crowd
539. 18:13you'll see you made it through uh the
540. 18:16first uh first assignment so that's
541. 18:18that's all good assembly
542. 18:20language programming i wanna
543. 18:22you know give a shout out to that that
544. 18:24was uh you know one of my uh
545. 18:26first joys in life was doing that and i
546. 18:29think the students should all really
547. 18:30appreciate the the efficiency and the
548. 18:32speed that you that you get by bypassing
549. 18:35something from a compiler so by making
550. 18:37life easier for programmers
551. 18:40you make the you know you make things
552. 18:41run less efficiently and you know that's
553. 18:44there's a lot to be gained when you when
554. 18:46you really put the time in uh to to do
555. 18:48assembly level playing programming so i
556. 18:50hope you guys get appreciation of that
557. 18:53and because i have to realize jared is
558. 18:55the um works at apple and he gave that
559. 18:58big uh
560. 18:59introduction to their chips program
561. 19:03[Laughter]
562. 19:06it's our it's our little chips program
563. 19:08at berkeley is what it is it's uh i
564. 19:10encourage encourage people to
565. 19:12look more deeply into that and to
566. 19:15want to encourage people to apply to
567. 19:17also to the masters and and phd uh you
568. 19:20know scholarships and fellowships and to
569. 19:22think about that if they're interested
570. 19:23in vlsi you know and they're interested
571. 19:26in hardware i think this is a great
572. 19:27class to
573. 19:29to really kind of get back and forth
574. 19:30with and play in both both sides of the
575. 19:33you know the world and really really dig
576. 19:36into the hardware uh aspects of software
577. 19:39all right and to what their appetite i
578. 19:41mean this the goal of this is to get
579. 19:42people excited about it to be able to
580. 19:43say well i want to take that upper
581. 19:44division course and application course
582. 19:46and then boom maybe there's a career
583. 19:47path for me so this is the beginning for
584. 19:49a lot of people of a whole career path
585. 19:50so excited to get people excited about
586. 19:52this material yeah we'll see what
587. 19:54happens with this ship's bill i mean
588. 19:55that
589. 19:56that may change quite a bit of a
590. 19:58landscape
591. 19:59on i mean it's not nothing is set
592. 20:01especially not these days
593. 20:06but it may change completely the
594. 20:08landscape of jobs around here and and
595. 20:10the perspective of what you know where
596. 20:13do things go and where where three
597. 20:15things fall of course i mean when
598. 20:16somebody dangles 22 billion dollars
599. 20:18there's quite a few of hands that go up
600. 20:21up in the air
601. 20:22ready to um do something with that well
602. 20:25but i mean i think i think when you're
603. 20:27especially when you're a student and
604. 20:28you're starting to
605. 20:30you're trying to figure out your career
606. 20:32when you see moves occurring like this
607. 20:34you know
608. 20:36try and thinking at a meta level try and
609. 20:38think about not just that you know there
610. 20:40is 22 billion or you know i mean it
611. 20:41sounds like a big number it is a big
612. 20:43number but try and think about why
613. 20:45you know why or why their organization's
614. 20:48doing the things that they're doing you
615. 20:50know and like even even for the like our
616. 20:52kickoff the other week right you know
617. 20:54why is apple spending
618. 20:56all this time and money and resources
619. 20:59you know i got fancy slides with
620. 21:00animations and all you know all this why
621. 21:03why why is this person here talking to
622. 21:06me about this you know and
623. 21:09and the reason is because it's important
624. 21:10to them in some in some meaningful and
625. 21:13impactful way right and and uh certainly
626. 21:16at apple over the last
627. 21:18um
628. 21:2113
629. 21:22years i guess uh you know the amount of
630. 21:25silicon that's and the impact of silicon
631. 21:27has become massive right so the impact
632. 21:29of
633. 21:30uh of being able to control our own
634. 21:32destiny is is a is
635. 21:35enormous
636. 21:36uh you know when you see what can be
637. 21:38done when you do custom silicon it's
638. 21:40it's quite fantastic
639. 21:43yeah and i think apple's unique in that
640. 21:44way to control both the hardware and the
641. 21:46software but the hardware they didn't
642. 21:47fully control all the way down to the
643. 21:48silicon so now it's like from all from
644. 21:51the pixel at the top this level of the
645. 21:53gui all the way down through the
646. 21:55software to the lower layers of the os
647. 21:57that's all controlled by them to the to
648. 21:59the hardware and they're building the
649. 22:00hardware all the way down to the lowest
650. 22:01level so it's very exciting to
651. 22:03kind of remove all the oems
652. 22:06all the other oems that are out of the
653. 22:07picture and make it apple all the way
654. 22:09down you know the picture we've shown in
655. 22:10621c from the top to the bottom imagine
656. 22:12one company controlling all that i know
657. 22:14of no other company that does that by
658. 22:15the way microsoft oracle nobody else
659. 22:17goes top to the bottom like you do so i
660. 22:19mean even intel doesn't right they don't
661. 22:20write software at the top level so i
662. 22:21don't know anybody else who has that
663. 22:23control to be able to deliver that user
664. 22:24experience i mean i'm a big fan i mean
665. 22:26maybe you can tell but my point is i
666. 22:28don't know anybody else who does that uh
667. 22:29ever ever in the history out there just
668. 22:32pointed out yeah vertical integration i
669. 22:33mean there was ibm right so ibm was the
670. 22:35classic fully vertically integrated
671. 22:37company and you buy a you know big uh
672. 22:40360 and they and then they and they had
673. 22:42their fabs at one end and the other
674. 22:43software at the other end and and you
675. 22:45know the
676. 22:46danger when you have that is like how do
677. 22:48you avoid collapsing on yourself or
678. 22:50having these kind of uh you know uh
679. 22:54inter
680. 22:55group fights right you know there's this
681. 22:56famous sociological experiments where
682. 22:58anybody they could they could take a
683. 23:00group of people and then divide them in
684. 23:01two anyway you know like you know the
685. 23:04people that are taller or shorter
686. 23:06men or women or you know people born on
687. 23:08odd days or even days and any time they
688. 23:10did a division they would just they
689. 23:11would eventually start competing and
690. 23:12warning against each other so you know
691. 23:14whenever you when so so part of the i
692. 23:17think the the
693. 23:18amazing thing for me i've been an apple
694. 23:20seven years the amazing thing for me is
695. 23:22that that people
696. 23:24do have you know oh yeah they're just
697. 23:26like oh what about this so what about
698. 23:27that you know or a conflict on this and
699. 23:29then there's and there's the classic you
700. 23:31know uh lots and lots of heavy arguments
701. 23:33but then people will line up behind the
702. 23:35product so you just go
703. 23:38and and so when there's that defining
704. 23:40force
705. 23:41and there's the overriding force
706. 23:43it's almost like
707. 23:45it's almost like you imagine that uh
708. 23:47you're in a if you're in the you know
709. 23:48the army in 1944 or something like that
710. 23:51how how would you possibly organize a
711. 23:52group like that well at least they're
712. 23:54uniting behind you know fighting a
713. 23:56common enemy you know and for us it's
714. 23:58uniting behind delivering a an amazing
715. 24:00product experience right so so when you
716. 24:03have that uniting force it makes a big
717. 24:05difference and and i think that helps uh
718. 24:08helps helps the companies from from from
719. 24:10collapsing when when they when they
720. 24:12become you know this vertical
721. 24:13integration
722. 24:14challenge but what an opportunity you're
723. 24:16right i mean it's just an amazing thing
724. 24:18to be able to talk to software guys and
725. 24:20you know just today we're talking with
726. 24:21algorithms guys and we're talking about
727. 24:23you know i was just talking with process
728. 24:25people you know yesterday and it's it's
729. 24:27just uh it's it's it's
730. 24:30amazing by the way it's also no excuses
731. 24:33right before well we would do this
732. 24:34except that except that we can't control
733. 24:36the hardware and we only wish that they
734. 24:38would add a feature to the instruction
735. 24:41set
736. 24:42no go fix it go make an instruction
737. 24:47make a new command and do that no more
738. 24:49excuses it's a fascinating thing you
739. 24:50know that's right they don't own their
740. 24:52own instruction set however
741. 24:54no that's true
742. 24:56but we have our architectural license so
743. 24:58you'd be amazed at the kinds of things
744. 24:59that are in our instruction center that
745. 25:01you might just learn
746. 25:03and there is a magic word architectural
747. 25:05license
748. 25:06that's right architectural license
749. 25:08that talks a lot
750. 25:10not very many people can afford that
751. 25:12that's true
752. 25:14there's a question can i share this
753. 25:15question in the chat for you by the way
754. 25:17um what does this mean if you own the
755. 25:19entire top to bottom system vertical
756. 25:21integration about antitrust uh isn't
757. 25:23there something about competition or
758. 25:25something and i think you want your
759. 25:27response to what that issue might be oh
760. 25:29we have lots of competition i mean i
761. 25:31don't think there's any there's no
762. 25:32there's no
763. 25:34there's no no worries about competition
764. 25:36you know
765. 25:37right uh if you look at the you know
766. 25:39android ecosystem or you look at all
767. 25:41different kinds of i mean
768. 25:43you know even max pcs and the volumes
769. 25:46out there and and
770. 25:48on phones on on anything there's plenty
771. 25:51plenty of plenty of competition the
772. 25:53the the difference i think when you're
773. 25:56what you're thinking about is
774. 25:57uh is the vertical integration versus
775. 25:59like you know horizontal exactly that's
776. 26:01where that's all kind of you know spread
777. 26:03right you know yeah exactly if if
778. 26:05somebody dominates the entire you know
779. 26:07disk drive industry and then they like
780. 26:10they own the whole industry and then all
781. 26:12of a sudden
782. 26:13you know it isn't very long from that
783. 26:15moment where there's some clever sales
784. 26:17guy goes huh i wonder whether it's just
785. 26:19the price of all these drivers oh it's
786. 26:20me you know right yeah and that's called
787. 26:22a monopoly and so that's
788. 26:24that's different vertical immigration
789. 26:26is owning a small piece of a lots of
790. 26:28different things that you need to bring
791. 26:30your product to market so right so uh
792. 26:32you know and even in that respect we
793. 26:33don't own our fabs right we are a
794. 26:35fabulous semiconductor company um so we
795. 26:37know we're good at and we know what
796. 26:38we're
797. 26:39you know not as good at and and
798. 26:42running fabs is not our forte but but
799. 26:45it's an amazing kind of a technological
800. 26:47exploration you can do with fabs when
801. 26:49you are a company that you know
802. 26:53the analogy is what if tesla decided to
803. 26:55make their tires and make the you know
804. 26:57the obviously they buy leather from
805. 26:59other people and buy tires from other
806. 27:00people and buy their things what if they
807. 27:02made everything in the mega factory they
808. 27:04still are many competitors for electric
809. 27:06cars they certainly are there's no
810. 27:07anti-trust questions about tesla there's
811. 27:09a ton of competition in that electric
812. 27:11car market so you could still do what
813. 27:12they you know they could model apple top
814. 27:14to bottom but still there's no
815. 27:16anti-trust issues because there's a ton
816. 27:17of people at that level at the level of
817. 27:18selling cars there's a ton of people in
818. 27:20that market just as a lot of people in
819. 27:22the iphone
820. 27:23back et cetera it watches market every
821. 27:26market year it's clogged so that's not
822. 27:27an issue there yeah absolutely i mean
823. 27:32ibm cell is still vertically integrated
824. 27:34stuff i mean you can buy these serious
825. 27:36chips from from ibm i mean you only can
826. 27:38buy a serious machine
827. 27:40and you know that's what you buy if
828. 27:42you're bankrupt america or airline or
829. 27:46something like that i mean those things
830. 27:48you know they run only one application
831. 27:50it's like db2
832. 27:53database system and that's it um you
833. 27:57know that you know they may change the
834. 27:58user interface here and there but you
835. 28:00know it is every new generation of these
836. 28:02series
837. 28:03is there to buy um
838. 28:06to to to support the the giant databases
839. 28:10yep yeah well i mean i think the one of
840. 28:12the things that you have to realize also
841. 28:13is that one of the
842. 28:15challenges these days in socs is we just
843. 28:18had an announcement uh earlier in the
844. 28:20week that included the
845. 28:22this latest soc there's a 14 soc which
846. 28:25it's got over 11 billion transistors on
847. 28:29it and that's just the amount of
848. 28:31complexity involved in something like
849. 28:32that is uh is is
850. 28:36mind numbing not just in terms of like
851. 28:38you know be plunking down every
852. 28:39transistor but just managing
853. 28:41managing the all the different blocks
854. 28:43managing the communication between the
855. 28:45blocks managing the team
856. 28:47managing the who does what and how they
857. 28:49all communicate to each other how you
858. 28:51verify something that has
859. 28:53the kind of unbridled complexity of
860. 28:55something that has that many layers of
861. 28:56it it's like a small
862. 28:58city right you know you have to
863. 29:00uh so
864. 29:02in in many aspects though a lot of the
865. 29:04the things that you learn when you're
866. 29:05doing software
867. 29:07at a high level and kind of managing
868. 29:09these the the programs with these
869. 29:11modules that are coming in and out are
870. 29:12very similar there's lots of uh
871. 29:14similarities in terms of uh
872. 29:16of soc integration as well
873. 29:19yeah but by the way i mean the what we
874. 29:22believe we have been talking also in
875. 29:24some of our office hours we've been
876. 29:25talking about and the moore's law and
877. 29:27the need for specialization
878. 29:29well we have to do it and i think uh
879. 29:32apple is showing the way
880. 29:34well once
881. 29:36that seems to be the right way of doing
882. 29:37specialization and you will have to to
883. 29:40do it i mean you can't just go buy chips
884. 29:41in a grocery store
885. 29:44and
886. 29:45work or
887. 29:46best buy
888. 29:47and specialize those um and that's why
889. 29:51somebody was asking what are other
890. 29:52companies like well everybody's trying
891. 29:54to do that
892. 29:55but it's a lot harder to
893. 29:58capture a market like that
894. 30:01like cell phones at the moment the big
895. 30:04story the big question there is what is
896. 30:06will apple do next
897. 30:08and we're going to find that out
898. 30:12yeah i mean there's the the funny thing
899. 30:14is that and if i were if i were to
900. 30:18kind of put myself you know outside the
901. 30:20company again and then look in
902. 30:23i think you know looking at apple from
903. 30:26the outside i think that people don't
904. 30:27really
905. 30:29understand how many different
906. 30:31engineering programs we have running in
907. 30:34parallel and how lean in operation we
908. 30:37really run i mean every program
909. 30:40is a lean program it's not like i mean
910. 30:42and there are lots and lots and lots of
911. 30:44them and there are programs where you
912. 30:46just
913. 30:47you just hammer on something for a long
914. 30:49time and then go you know this it's
915. 30:50missing this fundamental ingredient
916. 30:52we'll put it on the shelf
917. 30:54and then five years later this
918. 30:55fundamental ingredient comes along and
919. 30:56you go ah let me take this off the shelf
920. 30:58and restart it you know that help that
921. 31:01happens a lot i mean if you were if you
922. 31:03too like say just you dan and bora were
923. 31:06to guess like how long do you you know
924. 31:08you heard this announcement about a max
925. 31:09going to apple silicon right so how long
926. 31:12do you think that's been in discussion
927. 31:17i'll throw a number out just i'm gonna
928. 31:19i'll say a year just so you can blow me
929. 31:20away with that
930. 31:22borah was much ten years was much closer
931. 31:24yeah ten years is ten years is more more
932. 31:27the proper order or magnitude and when
933. 31:30when we're in discussion of something
934. 31:32that doesn't mean that like you know
935. 31:33someone goes to a whiteboard and like
936. 31:34draws a picture and goes oh wouldn't
937. 31:36this be nice and then you know it's
938. 31:37extra around and say oh yeah no
939. 31:40discussion at apple means that you go
940. 31:42build stuff
941. 31:43you test it you try it you poke it you
942. 31:45prod it you know you all this kind of
943. 31:47stuff right so i mean that means that
944. 31:48that you can imagine how much how much
945. 31:51investigation goes on and kind of in
946. 31:53parallel it's it's a it's
947. 31:55it's really an engineering uh you know
948. 31:59um
949. 32:00just a powerhouse of lots of different
950. 32:02parallel engines
951. 32:03do they i mean this is maybe too much
952. 32:05too much inside baseball do you ever
953. 32:07grow two competing groups to see who
954. 32:09would win like it's the idea of like we
955. 32:11don't know what the future is let's have
956. 32:14a couple of these different groups and
957. 32:15only one's going to succeed at the end
958. 32:16of the day but you're all kind of in a
959. 32:17race against each other and i read that
960. 32:19you know i read that i don't know the
961. 32:21steve jobs thing that you know like oh
962. 32:23he didn't tell this group about it in
963. 32:24this thing oh yeah you know and i i read
964. 32:27about that in the in the past i'm not
965. 32:29aware of anything like that going on
966. 32:31right now everybody's too too lean and
967. 32:33if you find out something that somebody
968. 32:34else is doing that's similar to what
969. 32:35you're doing you go hey hey what are you
970. 32:38doing over there and you try and pool
971. 32:40some effort right and trying to
972. 32:42collaborate and figure out what's going
973. 32:44on but there's a lot of little
974. 32:46investigations too two super quick
975. 32:48questions uh um i mean one uh because we
976. 32:51have a few other important announcements
977. 32:53great um
978. 32:57so the the first uh one i mean um
979. 33:00apple went public about a year ago that
980. 33:02apple will make a modern uh 5g model
981. 33:06uh there is a good thing so i i guess
982. 33:08they've been thinking about it for about
983. 33:09a couple of years before then so i think
984. 33:11that you you can start your stopwatches
985. 33:13and see when is that going to hit the
986. 33:14market
987. 33:16i think they license qualcomm for
988. 33:18another five years so you you can think
989. 33:19about that it's about seven year
990. 33:21uh time uh to to to own that kind of a
991. 33:25thing but you know so
992. 33:27jared you don't have to come there is a
993. 33:29good uh question here i know if you can
994. 33:31answer this one this is from benjamin it
995. 33:33says jared mentioned that we should
996. 33:35appreciate assembly because of its speed
997. 33:37and efficiency
998. 33:38but
999. 33:39at companies like apple is it assemble
1000. 33:42is the assembly almost entirely
1001. 33:44abstracted beneath compilers or is there
1002. 33:47still development done entirely in
1003. 33:50assembly for even higher orders of
1004. 33:52optimization
1005. 33:54below peaking below the layer just to
1006. 33:56optimize your final coat yeah yeah so i
1007. 33:58just i i just heard a a story uh related
1008. 34:01by somebody who voir knows very well um
1009. 34:05and and then the story basically goes
1010. 34:07that software developers work you know
1011. 34:09they'll try at the highest level they
1012. 34:11can
1013. 34:12and then it doesn't perform that way
1014. 34:13they needed to and then they'll they'll
1015. 34:14try and like you know get rid of some of
1016. 34:16the efficiencies and then it still
1017. 34:17doesn't work
1018. 34:18and then they'll scratch their heads and
1019. 34:19let go parallelized and
1020. 34:22it doesn't work you know so so the
1021. 34:24answer is that to is there is there
1022. 34:27firmware
1023. 34:28assembly level programming
1024. 34:30um you know work done at all levels of
1025. 34:33abs absolutely
1026. 34:34absolutely
1027. 34:36and i my advice to students is find the
1028. 34:40thing
1029. 34:40find the the layer of abstraction that
1030. 34:43you like playing in the layers there's
1031. 34:45you know most people like playing in
1032. 34:47multiple layers
1033. 34:48find the layers that you like playing in
1034. 34:50and just get really good at you know
1035. 34:52just really just jump in
1036. 34:54you know with all you know all with both
1037. 34:57feet and and just really and really
1038. 34:59immerse yourself in that
1039. 35:01and then also get really good so that's
1040. 35:03what we call the t model so you get the
1041. 35:05you own your area kind of own your
1042. 35:07number one is what we call it own your
1043. 35:09your number one area of specialization
1044. 35:11but then also
1045. 35:12understand and get some some curiosity
1046. 35:15and and
1047. 35:16breadth as well so you want to own some
1048. 35:18adjacencies too because you want to see
1049. 35:20okay well i can bring my expertise here
1050. 35:22over here or over here and then in you
1051. 35:25know who knows what in 20 years you may
1052. 35:26actually decide oh i want to you know
1053. 35:28i've i've gotten really good at this and
1054. 35:29i kind of drilled this to the point
1055. 35:31where i'm more interested in this over
1056. 35:33here so it's a great way of of
1057. 35:35appreciating not just your one singular
1058. 35:37area but also you know other areas but
1059. 35:39yeah i guess to answer the question
1060. 35:41succinctly absolutely all levels of
1061. 35:43programming from the highest level
1062. 35:46you know to the very very bottom
1063. 35:49bottom of the so thank you gerry for
1064. 35:51stepping in uh
1065. 35:53we i mean i'm assuming that victoria is
1066. 35:55not has doesn't have an easy time
1067. 35:57calling in from washington
1068. 36:00because their job and probably not easy
1069. 36:02to communicate out of that building
1070. 36:04uh to you know zoom may not be
1071. 36:09it's true zoo might not be blessed
1072. 36:10that's true i forgot about that she's
1073. 36:12trying to ping in the firewall yeah
1074. 36:14exactly all right
1075. 36:17thanks a lot thank you thank you for
1076. 36:18dropping in that's wonderful that's
1077. 36:20great we'll be back i think with a few
1078. 36:22friends at some late today hey that'd be
1079. 36:24fun look forward to that all right great
1080. 36:27to see you jared thank you
1081. 36:28uh uh we have a few other important
1082. 36:31announcements uh let's move it over to
1083. 36:34uh to dan i'm happy i'm happy to take it
1084. 36:36over yeah happy to take it off uh
1085. 36:38spotlight me if we can and then i'll
1086. 36:40jump in i think you're spotlighted i am
1087. 36:42spotlighted and then i will go to my
1088. 36:45slides which are right here
1089. 36:48okay spotlight me can you see me jared's
1090. 36:51still there we gotta drop him off the
1091. 36:52spotlight i think let me
1092. 36:54figure out how to do that uh
1093. 36:57you can't see my slides or me because
1094. 36:59he's still got it how do we do this i
1095. 37:01see you i can believe
1096. 37:03oh really funny really weird
1097. 37:07okay all i see is jared and this okay
1098. 37:10well wonderful i i'll assume that you
1099. 37:11can see me because i can't see me in my
1100. 37:12zoom window it's really weird all right
1101. 37:14schedule um
1102. 37:16here's what the schedule looks like uh
1103. 37:18last friday um actually two fridays ago
1104. 37:21uh la
1105. 37:22911 was the risk intro risk five intro
1106. 37:25last week was load store decisions and
1107. 37:27procedures that basically taught you how
1108. 37:29to code by the end of those four
1109. 37:31lectures i could say take the c code and
1110. 37:33translate it to risk five you should be
1111. 37:35able to make that happen so that's
1112. 37:36pretty cool
1113. 37:38this week is about lifting the hood even
1114. 37:40more it's an exciting week where we say
1115. 37:42you know what let's actually see if we
1116. 37:43can move down to the machine code layer
1117. 37:45and show you how to encode these as ones
1118. 37:47and zeros you're going to need that when
1119. 37:48you get to my lecture which i just
1120. 37:50finished on friday which is c-a-l-l
1121. 37:52compiling assembling linking and loading
1122. 37:54and to understand
1123. 37:55how the whole thing works we're going to
1124. 37:57take a c program and go all the way down
1125. 37:59to the actual a dot out and then even
1126. 38:01the the last l of call is what does a
1127. 38:03loader do to actually run that program
1128. 38:04so that's pretty cool exciting this is a
1129. 38:05fun this is a fun line this is a fun
1130. 38:07series of lectures i'm really lifting
1131. 38:09the onion revealing the layers of the
1132. 38:10onion to show you how this stuff works
1133. 38:12if you ever wonder how this stuff works
1134. 38:13this is the week where kind of making
1135. 38:15the connection between c to the to the
1136. 38:17hardware it's pretty exciting
1137. 38:18after this after this week we're not
1138. 38:20showing what the week after this is um
1139. 38:22it's all hardware it's almost like
1140. 38:23taking a bite of an in-n-out burger you
1141. 38:26come from the top your teeth bite down
1142. 38:27until you get to the meat that meets the
1143. 38:28isa layer and then the bottom teeth come
1144. 38:30in and bite from the bottom up as you're
1145. 38:32biting through bread and then lettuce
1146. 38:33and tomato so we're going to start from
1147. 38:34the bottom then of the hardware layer
1148. 38:36and come all the way up and we're going
1149. 38:36to meet in the middle so it's like your
1150. 38:38teeth i'll show you your teeth actually
1151. 38:40in the middle and that's a special
1152. 38:41magical day
1153. 38:42the reason we bring up the timings of
1154. 38:43this is that
1155. 38:45uh all of this material risk five and
1156. 38:47the lower levels of instructional coding
1157. 38:49and call are needed for your homework
1158. 38:51four which again is becoming due 9 30
1159. 38:54and your project 2a which is due 9 28
1160. 38:58and 10
1161. 39:13things uh about this
1162. 39:15it is just seven lectures with quite a
1163. 39:17bit of a payload um so it's you know six
1164. 39:20hours of videos with a big payload um uh
1165. 39:24quicker questions
1166. 39:26we have increased slightly just a tiny
1167. 39:29bit uh difficulty of uh of clicker
1168. 39:32questions
1169. 39:33so they they make a little bit better
1170. 39:35bridge towards the homeworks homeworks
1171. 39:38have had you know we added a little bit
1172. 39:40more of a
1173. 39:42difficulty to the homework such that
1174. 39:43they start looking more like um
1175. 39:46midterm problems but they're not
1176. 39:49quite at the midterm problem level so
1177. 39:51we'll need to practice a little bit but
1178. 39:53if you do the project if you do the
1179. 39:55homework that gets you to the project if
1180. 39:57you do the project you're ready to
1181. 39:58practice my terms
1182. 40:01and
1183. 40:02we will try to prevent surprises we know
1184. 40:04that we surprise you we will try to
1185. 40:07be absolutely clear we're surprised in
1186. 40:09the quest we will be absolutely clear
1187. 40:12what to expect in uh in the midterm so
1188. 40:15midterm covers
1189. 40:16this material this is a great
1190. 40:19block you know
1191. 40:20there is an advantage of being
1192. 40:23there are not many advantages of being
1193. 40:25online but this is one advantage that
1194. 40:26you have
1195. 40:28nicely packaged seven videos that cover
1196. 40:31uh a complete module everything that you
1197. 40:33need to know from assembly to
1198. 40:36actually instruction encoding and
1199. 40:38majority of the things that we actually
1200. 40:40need to do projects to a and b are in
1201. 40:43the first risk five uh assembly um
1202. 40:46[Music]
1203. 40:47language uh sets of videos and in the
1204. 40:50call a little bit of that in the call
1205. 40:52and that's it
1206. 40:55yep
1207. 40:56good stuff good stuff all right here we
1208. 40:58go
1209. 40:59big announcements we have we have we
1210. 41:01have the next set of slides so first big
1211. 41:05announcement this is some time
1212. 41:16this one i gotta control it i've got my
1213. 41:19powerpoint you give it all away ah
1214. 41:21oh no
1215. 41:22don't read it
1216. 41:23here we go okay
1217. 41:25no but the two are still yeah it was me
1218. 41:28but then you clicked on a new slide and
1219. 41:29then it
1220. 41:30did no no it's all right
1221. 41:34okay so because we're both the
1222. 41:35co-piloting you could like override
1223. 41:37anything anyway longer stuff
1224. 41:39so first one is that we're listening
1225. 41:40thank you for so much for the feedback
1226. 41:42we want to continue to listen to what's
1227. 41:44happening and we want to respond to
1228. 41:46everything
1229. 41:47that are going wrong we want to try to
1230. 41:48reduce the pain points so the first is
1231. 41:50quest grading concerns
1232. 41:52i want to add we've just seen the quest
1233. 41:54numbers of the grades they've come out
1234. 41:56um we were looking forward at a 30
1235. 41:58points to having the quest average be 25
1236. 42:0322 23 i mean high the quest is 15 so we
1237. 42:07were unhappy so okay so we didn't do a
1238. 42:09good job there we didn't write an exam
1239. 42:10that our students could totally question
1240. 42:12and gain confidence right easy getting
1241. 42:14get out in an hour and gain confidence
1242. 42:15it did neither of those it lost your
1243. 42:18confidence and you got angry which is
1244. 42:20reasonable and it took more time than we
1245. 42:21wanted to so both of those were broken
1246. 42:23we learned from that
1247. 42:25okay lessons learned but there were
1248. 42:27other grading concerns and we said you
1249. 42:29know it's low we this we've actually by
1250. 42:31the way you know we taught this class a
1251. 42:32lot a lot here
1252. 42:34we baked in the points of this it's an
1253. 42:36absolute graded course it's not a curved
1254. 42:37course so we baked it in basically
1255. 42:39assuming okay the quest should be around
1256. 42:41the average is 25. now let's do the
1257. 42:43other stuff when the question is below
1258. 42:45we didn't do a good job and it means
1259. 42:46that it throws off what we think the
1260. 42:48distributions will be at the end we're
1261. 42:49not going to curve it but we're worried
1262. 42:51about that so we need
1263. 42:52your grades to go up so we need to have
1264. 42:56a question on a question or two on the
1265. 42:58midterm that's very solid and can
1266. 43:00replace now i want to say this
1267. 43:02in the past
1268. 43:04how we have done a quest clobber
1269. 43:07is
1270. 43:08what's called a z-score okay here's what
1271. 43:10happens
1272. 43:11what you do is you look at how you
1273. 43:14sit
1274. 43:15related to the mean remember this is
1275. 43:17kind of a curve right whatever the
1276. 43:18average is you look to where you sit are
1277. 43:21you above the mean by one sigma are you
1278. 43:23below the mean by one sigma on the quest
1279. 43:26then you take the midterm and we're
1280. 43:27talking about only we're talking about
1281. 43:28the classic libra is the questions on
1282. 43:30the midterm that are exactly clobberable
1283. 43:32like it's the ce and number
1284. 43:34representation stuff right no nothing
1285. 43:35else just for that
1286. 43:37and they'll be labeled exactly huge
1287. 43:39label this is the quest clover question
1288. 43:41okay
1289. 43:42what typically what we had done and this
1290. 43:43is just a historically this is what we
1291. 43:45would have done until now until my
1292. 43:46announcement we would have said whatever
1293. 43:48those numbers are whatever your relation
1294. 43:51to
1295. 43:52the mean is let's say you're one sigma
1296. 43:54above meaning you know you get above
1297. 43:56your neighbor so it's kind of a curve
1298. 43:57you get above your neighbors that's one
1299. 43:59sigma above but you get let's say you're
1300. 44:01one sigma below on the quest we go back
1301. 44:04and map it back and figure out what
1302. 44:05would one sigma above been on the quest
1303. 44:08and that's your new grade so what that
1304. 44:10means is it's only if you do better than
1305. 44:12you did before so it only affects half
1306. 44:14of the students meaning if all the
1307. 44:16students are sitting with a bad quest
1308. 44:17grade only half of them can benefit
1309. 44:20because they have to do better than
1310. 44:21their than they did before on against
1311. 44:23other people
1312. 44:24we are changing that for the first time
1313. 44:26ever ever in 62c we are changing that so
1314. 44:29that the clobber is going to be based on
1315. 44:32either the curve
1316. 44:33or the raw score map basically raw score
1317. 44:36let's say out of 30. let's make this
1318. 44:37let's make the question the midterm
1319. 44:38around the quest material out of 30.
1320. 44:40whatever score that is out of 30 compare
1321. 44:42it with your actual question out of 30.
1322. 44:44if the if the midterm is higher it's a
1323. 44:45new score okay and if that's better well
1324. 44:48that's your new grade or if the curve is
1325. 44:50better then that's your new grade so
1326. 44:51whichever is better for you will do that
1327. 44:53that's a big deal so we're giving that
1328. 44:55to you never done before in 621c history
1329. 44:57it's always been a z-score it's always
1330. 44:58been a standard deviation-based thing
1331. 45:00now it's the raw score as well so that
1332. 45:02everyone could benefit if literally
1333. 45:04everybody bennett his example if
1334. 45:05everybody ace the curve let's say
1335. 45:07everybody gets either you know
1336. 45:0828 29 or 30 well the problem is only
1337. 45:12people let's say so the average is 29
1338. 45:14well the 28s are below and they couldn't
1339. 45:16get a benefit in the old way now they
1340. 45:18can all get a benefit you get it now you
1341. 45:19can all get 28 29 30 on the quest it's a
1342. 45:22big deal we're listening to you we're
1343. 45:23fixing it okay so that's new and we're
1344. 45:25making sure you all know that number one
1345. 45:28project office hours we're overloaded oh
1346. 45:30yeah
1347. 45:40play this video on 2x on youtube and see
1348. 45:42if you can understand a single word
1349. 45:44let's see we got here okay next but but
1350. 45:46but the point is this is good for you
1351. 45:48this is really good yeah we're listening
1352. 45:50and we're listening and we want by the
1353. 45:51way we want to see the numbers go up
1354. 45:53like literally we would be happy high
1355. 45:54fiving unlike everybody else they're
1356. 45:56like oh i can't give all a's we can give
1357. 45:58all a's this is an absolute great of
1358. 46:00course if you all rock the quest and get
1359. 46:02all a's we want that we're not trying to
1360. 46:04separate you and the weed from the shaft
1361. 46:06no we want you all to do really well all
1362. 46:08right
1363. 46:08project office hours
1364. 46:10overloaded okay we noticed last week the
1365. 46:13project office hours people were not
1366. 46:14getting their help in projects and i
1367. 46:16think it's factored two things i think
1368. 46:18it's because people had to do project
1369. 46:19one alone
1370. 46:21because so you had no to talk to and two
1371. 46:23we were using zoom and zoom doesn't
1372. 46:25allow people and traditional project
1373. 46:26office hours held in the waz there's a
1374. 46:28whole line of people at the door and
1375. 46:30they're all helping each other while
1376. 46:31they're waiting to see a ta or see a
1377. 46:33staff member
1378. 46:34so we switched over to discord to try to
1379. 46:36resolve we did that last week we did it
1380. 46:38dynamically in the middle of a week we
1381. 46:39did that okay so that's the first thing
1382. 46:42when you're in discord have
1383. 46:43conversations teach each other to debug
1384. 46:45work each other okay be really
1385. 46:48support each other this is an absolute
1386. 46:49graded course there's no reason you need
1387. 46:50to compete with each other rockstar
1388. 46:52helping each other love that love that
1389. 46:54love that
1390. 46:55two
1391. 46:56workload concerns okay i'm glad that i'm
1392. 46:59glad to hear that some of the folks are
1393. 47:00appreciating discord we know that this
1394. 47:02is a hard week
1395. 47:04we know we actually circled this weekend
1396. 47:06borah and i and stephen and cece and all
1397. 47:08the other heads tas we circled weeks
1398. 47:10like three four five and six as being a
1399. 47:12it's like the hardest part of the class
1400. 47:14you've got to learn your c you've got to
1401. 47:16get in your your risk five you got a
1402. 47:18project back to back project it's the
1403. 47:20hardest time of the class if we can get
1404. 47:23past that it's more relaxed i have no
1405. 47:25time to make sure i'm sure you guys know
1406. 47:26this there is no lab for week six we're
1407. 47:29in week five there's no lab for week six
1408. 47:32week eight has a really light lab week
1409. 47:34nine has no lab you guys hear this so it
1410. 47:36gets easier this is the heart if you can
1411. 47:38bear with it and by the way i would
1412. 47:40prefer that it's hard early so that you
1413. 47:42know what you're getting into come drop
1414. 47:45date if the worst thing we can do is do
1415. 47:46a
1416. 47:47bait and switch where it's easy easy
1417. 47:49easy easy and then all of a sudden drop
1418. 47:50day hits and it gets harder that's
1419. 47:52unfair so we made it hard not that we
1420. 47:54made it hard it just happens to me this
1421. 47:55is the hardest part of the semester
1422. 47:56that's why intentionally that's just
1423. 47:57where it all packed in you got to like
1424. 47:59get get your c and your risk so you can
1425. 48:00get onto really good projects so it's
1426. 48:02hard so again no lab for week six uh
1427. 48:06eight has a really easy lab
1428. 48:08nine has no lab and week seven is gonna
1429. 48:10teach you the tool that you need for
1430. 48:11project three so it's all awesome okay
1431. 48:13so this is the hardest part if you can
1432. 48:15survive this we're gonna have a lot it's
1433. 48:16an easy road you climb the steep road
1434. 48:18it's coasting after this
1435. 48:21we are giving you three more project
1436. 48:23slip days
1437. 48:24[Applause]
1438. 48:26so this allows you to
1439. 48:29relax
1440. 48:30let your stuff if you need to get a good
1441. 48:32night's sleep get a good night's sleep
1442. 48:33we want you to consider your health i
1443. 48:35this is why we have our lab check-ins
1444. 48:37one of the questions we should ask you
1445. 48:38is how's your health we need you to
1446. 48:40focus on your health make sure you're
1447. 48:42doing okay and maybe one other class is
1448. 48:44busy just when yours is so fine use some
1449. 48:46slip days to react to that again you now
1450. 48:48have six slip days okay
1451. 48:51big deal you're also important thing we
1452. 48:53are giving control to you i mean we had
1453. 48:55so many of these these these requests in
1454. 48:57the last minute can i please you know
1455. 48:59something happens exactly four things
1456. 49:01are going to happen this fast
1457. 49:03try to pace yourself we give this to you
1458. 49:05to try to pace yourself
1459. 49:07and if you need extra time well you have
1460. 49:09six days now uh but manage yourself you
1461. 49:11know
1462. 49:12front load whatever you need to
1463. 49:15take care of yourself take care of other
1464. 49:17classes yep
1465. 49:19and this is the second biggest one we
1466. 49:21are moving project two to a partner
1467. 49:23project we thought
1468. 49:25and giving to a three more days
1469. 49:28the reason for this is we think that the
1470. 49:30reason people were having such long
1471. 49:32lines is that they're all solo you can't
1472. 49:34ask your friends and we said you know
1473. 49:35there's a trade-off of this when you go
1474. 49:37to a partner project there's a chance
1475. 49:38that one partner may not learn all the
1476. 49:40things because one they divide it in
1477. 49:41half and one person learns half the
1478. 49:42other person the other half we want all
1479. 49:44the way to learn all of it so help each
1480. 49:46other learn teach each other from a
1481. 49:47learning community and then maybe you'll
1482. 49:50each answer each other's question we've
1483. 49:52seen the numbers go down significantly
1484. 49:54once these are partner projects but we
1485. 49:56are still remain concerned that we want
1486. 49:58you to learn all of the material so both
1487. 50:00of you teach yourself all the material
1488. 50:01how you divide it up is up to you we
1489. 50:03maybe give some best practices on piazza
1490. 50:04but we want you to know that we are
1491. 50:06thinking about your workload concerns
1492. 50:07project two is now a partner project go
1493. 50:10find your best buddies go pair up find
1494. 50:12somebody work together and you also have
1495. 50:14three more days for project 2a to
1496. 50:16support that so these are big deal
1497. 50:18changes that will hopefully
1498. 50:19fundamentally change your workload in
1499. 50:21the next couple of weeks
1500. 50:23also people are asking about quest
1501. 50:24retakes we made a deep decision this is
1502. 50:27a very deep decision that we're only
1503. 50:29going to ask for questions press retakes
1504. 50:30in the most extreme cases so your camera
1505. 50:34dropped out for two seconds as it fell
1506. 50:35off your desk you pulled it up we're
1507. 50:37going to say fine to that so only in the
1508. 50:39most extreme cases
1509. 50:41we're going to let you know what they
1510. 50:42are we've had to write a full new exam
1511. 50:44this is hard to do by the way especially
1512. 50:46in prairie let's not just write it on
1513. 50:47paper and then print in a pdf and go you
1514. 50:49have to write all the auto graders it is
1515. 50:51hard and cc and i am boring steven and
1516. 50:52the staff are working on it it's hard
1517. 50:54but we are still we're making sure it's
1518. 50:56right we're making sure it's beta tested
1519. 50:57really well so give us some time for
1520. 50:59this probably next week until we let you
1521. 51:00know you now have a regrades you've seen
1522. 51:02your goal we're going to really we're
1523. 51:04going to release the first exam you'll
1524. 51:05see your release the cracking you're
1525. 51:06going to see your your scores and the
1526. 51:08questions you were asked in the original
1527. 51:09exam but because we're releasing that we
1528. 51:11can't reuse that so now we have to write
1529. 51:12a whole new exam
1530. 51:14we didn't plan on that so let's give us
1531. 51:15some more time for this i know this is
1532. 51:17hard but but give us some more time for
1533. 51:19this and we'll let you know uh in the
1534. 51:20next week or so if you're going to do
1535. 51:22this but fewer people far fewer people
1536. 51:24are going to do a retake than before
1537. 51:25we're mostly going to trust you on using
1538. 51:28the berkeley honor code on that kind of
1539. 51:29thing so if you you know my camera
1540. 51:30dropped out for a second i cover my
1541. 51:31clock we'll probably waive all that
1542. 51:33we'll let you know okay so we'll let you
1543. 51:35know what the what the line is and don't
1544. 51:37worry about what those questions are am
1545. 51:38i on the list we'll look at the list
1546. 51:39we'll look at what you commented about
1547. 51:41what it is we'll look at your videos and
1548. 51:42we'll make that that takes a lot of time
1549. 51:44give us the time to do that we'll do it
1550. 51:45right and we'll make sure that the
1551. 51:46people who do to retake have a good very
1552. 51:48solid exam we're going to ask a survey
1553. 51:51we're going to make sure we're going to
1554. 51:52check into how things are going how
1555. 51:54these how are you responding to these
1556. 51:55new policy changes where there's i'm
1557. 51:56sorry for going over a couple minutes
1558. 51:57there's a survey coming and there's one
1559. 52:00last comment i want to add which is
1560. 52:02our staff has said dan can you
1561. 52:04remind the students that we need to set
1562. 52:06some boundaries people are
1563. 52:07know these others you know they know our
1564. 52:09staff from you know other classes and
1565. 52:12they're dming them on facebook can you
1566. 52:13help me with this can you help me
1567. 52:14outside of their hours where they're
1568. 52:16being paid they can't do that we have
1569. 52:18actual the union says that stu can only
1570. 52:19work for a certain number of hours we've
1571. 52:21allocated them for that support hours
1572. 52:22for body office hours and if you're
1573. 52:24asking there they have to say we're
1574. 52:25telling them they have to say no this is
1575. 52:27not fair for you to ask all this other
1576. 52:28time their other students often not a
1577. 52:30single person on our staff aside from
1578. 52:32board and i are not other students
1579. 52:33everybody else is a student to manage
1580. 52:34their own classes so we need to not have
1581. 52:36we need to have some boundaries and work
1582. 52:38with the students within the space of
1583. 52:40the office hours and etc we give you but
1584. 52:42please no dm on facebook and no dm'ing
1585. 52:44on all those other things okay they're
1586. 52:46they're i forced them to say no to those
1587. 52:47because it's too much work for them and
1588. 52:49that's it okay
1589. 52:50very reasonable that's it we're over
1590. 52:52time thank you very much folks boy you
1591. 52:54want to say this last couple words oh
1592. 52:56just one thing uh
1593. 52:58guys no matter what the how do you feel
1594. 53:00about the quest you can pass pretty much
1595. 53:03any
1596. 53:04c interview question with the knowledge
1597. 53:06that you have 15 is good enough to pass
1598. 53:09an interview question
1599. 53:10um and so feel good about that we are
1600. 53:13going to make sure that you feel the
1601. 53:14same there are less assembly level
1602. 53:16questions although there are in
1603. 53:18interviews and you'll feel like that in
1604. 53:20in two weeks in just two to three weeks
1605. 53:23and then we'll move on i mean um
1606. 53:25i i i
1607. 53:27feel good about what we have
1608. 53:28accomplished so far so yep good stuff
1609. 53:31good stuff
1610. 53:32folks keep up the good spirits i know
1611. 53:33the spirits were low after the quest
1612. 53:35after the project one and two workload
1613. 53:36but we're trying to do these things to
1614. 53:38help you guys we really feel for you and
1615. 53:40we hope you can get through these couple
1616. 53:41of weeks we know that here's more office
1617. 53:43i'm sorry more slip days partnerships
1618. 53:46find your good partners folks find some
1619. 53:47partners for project two getting a great
1620. 53:49partner can make a really big deal okay
1621. 53:51we care about you we're thinking about
1622. 53:52you tell us what else we can do give us
1623. 53:54we'll do this survey and we'll have a
1624. 53:55chance to tell us any more we can do we
1625. 53:57want to help you guys make this class
1626. 53:58the best class on campus thank you so
1627. 53:59much folks we'll see you next week
1628. 54:03all right take care folks thank you
1629. 54:05thank you thank you bye all right