Copyrights 1: Rights & Registration for Writers, Artists & Producers (Intellectual Property Phils.) — Transcript
Full transcript
- 0:01Hi guys, welcome to another episode of
- 0:03attorney love vlog. Today we continue
- 0:06with our discussion on the intellectual
- 0:08property code and specifically for today
- 0:11we'll begin with a topic of copyrights.
- 0:15Now if you like my videos and you want
- 0:16to see more, please hit the subscribe
- 0:18button. Also, please remember that this
- 0:21is only for educational purposes and is
- 0:23not a substitute for proper legal advice
- 0:26or for studying and understanding the
- 0:28law. Now, a like on this video or any of
- 0:31my other videos would also be greatly
- 0:33appreciated. Now, you can also find me
- 0:36on Alex at www.alexleal.ph.
- 0:42Alex is an online directory of lawyers,
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- 0:58the description below so that you can
- 1:01easily reach out or schedule an
- 1:03appointment with me. Okay, just check
- 1:05the description below. Now, the law on
- 1:09copyright is found in the intellectual
- 1:12property code which is Republic Act
- 1:14number 8293 as amended. Being an
- 1:17intellectual creation, it is a mode of
- 1:20acquiring ownership. Now, what is a
- 1:23copyright? A copyright is an intangible
- 1:27incorporeal right to certain literary,
- 1:31scholarly, scientific and artistic
- 1:34productions which is granted by law to
- 1:37the author or creator of the work. It is
- 1:40an original intellectual creation and it
- 1:44is protected from the moment that it is
- 1:47created. Okay, this is very important. A
- 1:50copyright the the work subject of the
- 1:53copyright is protected from the moment
- 1:55of its creation.
- 1:57Take note that the copyright is
- 1:59different from the property in the
- 2:02material object subject of the
- 2:05copyright. Okay. What works are
- 2:08protected by a copyright? In general, we
- 2:11have two. We have the original and we
- 2:12have the derivative works. Original
- 2:15works are literary and artistic works
- 2:19which are protected from the moment of
- 2:21their creation irrespective of the mode
- 2:24or form of expression of their content,
- 2:26quality or purpose. So the law gives a
- 2:30very long list which gives us some
- 2:32examples but of course the list is not
- 2:34exclusive. Some examples are books,
- 2:38articles, newspapers, lectures, sermons,
- 2:42dissertations,
- 2:43letters, dramatic or musical
- 2:46compositions, choreographic works like
- 2:50dancing, no illustrations, ornamental
- 2:52designs, drawings, maps, sketches,
- 2:56cinematographic works or films, no
- 2:59advertisements, computer programs and
- 3:02other literary, scholarly, scientific
- 3:05ific and artistic works. However, while
- 3:08that list is not exclusive, take note of
- 3:11the case of Pearl versus Shoe Mart where
- 3:15a copyright was filed for advertising
- 3:18light boxes. No, if uh you're my age,
- 3:21no, you would have reached this uh
- 3:24advertising light boxes in cinemas. No,
- 3:26where there is a poster and in within a
- 3:29box that is lit up. No. So that uh it
- 3:32seems that it is uh uh illuminated.
- 3:35Okay. So uh the copyright was filed for
- 3:39these advertising light boxes by its
- 3:42inventor which is Pearl and Dean and
- 3:45Pearl and Dean as the inventor it leased
- 3:47out those light boxes to SM. However, SM
- 3:52Schumart no engaged other entities to
- 3:55create light boxes for the use of SM.
- 3:58So, of course, Pearl s sued SM for
- 4:01infringement. And the Supreme Court
- 4:04ruled in favor of SM, okay, SM1, saying
- 4:08that a copyright is a purely statutory
- 4:11right or a right granted by law. And
- 4:13therefore, the rights granted are
- 4:16limited to what the law gives. As such,
- 4:20the copyright of pearl over the light
- 4:23boxes extended only to the technical
- 4:26drawings over the light boxes and not to
- 4:29the box itself because the box itself is
- 4:32not a literary or artistic piece. Pearl
- 4:36would have succeeded in the infringement
- 4:39case if what SM had done was to reprint
- 4:44the technical drawings without Pearl's
- 4:46consent. Okay. In order for Pearl to
- 4:50have protected itself with regard to the
- 4:52boxes, what Pearl should have done
- 4:55instead of securing a copyright was to
- 4:58secure a patent over that invention
- 5:01which unfortunately they did not. They
- 5:03secured a copyright and that's why they
- 5:05lost in this case. Please just read the
- 5:08case to understand it better. Okay. Now
- 5:12that's for original works. As for
- 5:14derivative works, these are works as
- 5:16from the name itself, they are derived
- 5:18from an original and they include
- 5:21dramatizations. No, you dramatize the
- 5:23original, translations, translate, you
- 5:26translate it, no adaptations,
- 5:28abridgements, arrangements and other
- 5:31alterations of the literary or artistic
- 5:34works. And derivative works also include
- 5:38collections of literary, scholarly or
- 5:41artistic works. They also include
- 5:44compilations of data and other materials
- 5:47which are original by reason of their
- 5:50selection or coordination or arrangement
- 5:53of their contents. Okay. So the law
- 5:56under section 175 also states what works
- 6:01are not protected. Okay. Take note of
- 6:04this list. It's also very long. The
- 6:07first work that is not protected would
- 6:09be any idea, procedure, system, method
- 6:13or operation, concept, principle,
- 6:16discovery or mere data as such. Even if
- 6:20they are expressed, explained,
- 6:22illustrated or embodied in a work. Okay,
- 6:25just an idea that's not copyrightable.
- 6:28No, or just a principle that's not
- 6:30copyrightable. Another uh work that is
- 6:33not protected would be news of the day.
- 6:36Okay, news of the day or other
- 6:38miscellaneous facts having the character
- 6:42of mere items of press information.
- 6:45Another work that is not protected would
- 6:47be any official text of a legislative,
- 6:50administrative or legal nature as well
- 6:53as any official translation thereof.
- 6:56Okay. So there can be no copyright over
- 6:58the law. No, like like this the law on
- 7:00copyrights 8 RA8293.
- 7:02Okay, you cannot copyright that. Also,
- 7:05under section 176,
- 7:08no copyright shall subsist in any work
- 7:11of the government of the Philippines.
- 7:13However, even if there can be no
- 7:15copyright over any government work, in
- 7:19case that government work will be
- 7:20exploited for profit, then you have to
- 7:23get the approval of the appropriate
- 7:25government agency or office. Of course,
- 7:28no approval is necessary for the use in
- 7:31any purpose of statutes or laws, rules
- 7:35or regulations, speeches, lectures,
- 7:37whether given in court or in Congress.
- 7:40Okay? But take note that the author of
- 7:44those speeches, no in Congress or in
- 7:46court, that author is given the
- 7:48exclusive right to make a collection of
- 7:52his work. Okay? So he can he has the
- 7:54exclusive right to collect all the
- 7:56speeches he has ever made and publish
- 7:58them into a book or a video if he wants.
- 8:01Okay?
- 8:03That said, even though there can be no
- 8:05copyright in government work, the
- 8:07government may still receive and hold
- 8:09copyrights over different matter which
- 8:12may be transferred to it by assignment
- 8:14or other modes of transfer. So
- 8:17government government work by itself is
- 8:19not copyrightable but the government can
- 8:22hold copyrights over other things.
- 8:26So a copyright is protected from the
- 8:28moment of its creation. Okay. From the
- 8:31creation of the work and what is the
- 8:33scope of the protection? A copyright
- 8:36gives protection to the author of the
- 8:38work and his heirs by punishing
- 8:41infringement which we'll talk about in
- 8:43the next video and by giving certain
- 8:46economic and moral rights. So let's
- 8:49begin with the economic rights. Economic
- 8:53rights consist of the exclusive rights
- 8:56to carry out, authorize or prevent the
- 9:00following acts. Okay, economic rights
- 9:02meaning uh something you derive money
- 9:04from. Okay, so they have the exclusive
- 9:07rights to carry out the following.
- 9:09First, the reproduction of the work or a
- 9:12substantial portion of the work. Okay.
- 9:14So if you have the copyright over let's
- 9:16say a book, you have the exclusive right
- 9:18to have it reproduced or even just a
- 9:20portion of that book to have it re
- 9:22reproduced.
- 9:23Second, dramatization, translation,
- 9:26adaptation, abridgement, arrangement or
- 9:29other transformation of the work. Okay,
- 9:31that's the second economic right. Third,
- 9:34the first public distribution of the
- 9:37original and each copy of the work by
- 9:40sale or other forms of transfer of
- 9:43ownership. Fourth, rental of the
- 9:46original or a copy of an audiovisisual
- 9:49or cinematographic work, a work embodied
- 9:52in a sound recording, a computer
- 9:55program, a compilation of data and other
- 9:58materials or or even a musical work in
- 10:01graphic form. Okay. meaning those notes
- 10:04no on the uh tab. Okay. Irrespective of
- 10:08the ownership of the original or the
- 10:10copy which is the subject of the
- 10:12renewal. Fifth, okay, the one of the
- 10:16economic rights is the exclusive right
- 10:17to carry out a public display of the
- 10:21original or a copy of the work. Sixth to
- 10:25carry out a public performance of the
- 10:27work and seventh other communication of
- 10:30the to the public of the work.
- 10:34So in general these rights exist during
- 10:37the lifetime of the author and for 50
- 10:40years after his death. Okay. Further the
- 10:44law grants the author a right to receive
- 10:47proceeds in subsequent transfers of the
- 10:50work. Okay. So let's say he makes a
- 10:53first transfer and then the transferey
- 10:55transfers it again and again and again.
- 10:58The author still uh is given the right
- 11:00to receive proceeds from those
- 11:02subsequent transfers and this right is
- 11:05known as the droid suite. Okay. Under
- 11:09section 200, the author or his heirs
- 11:13shall have an inalienable right to
- 11:16receive 5% of the gross proceeds of the
- 11:19subsequent sale or lease of the work,
- 11:22which right shall exist during the
- 11:24lifetime of the author and for 50 years
- 11:27after his death. However, take note, no,
- 11:30this is the exception. The rule shall
- 11:33not apply to prints, etchings,
- 11:35engravings, works of applied art or
- 11:38works of similar kind where the author
- 11:41primarily derives gain from the proceeds
- 11:43of reproductions.
- 11:46Okay.
- 11:48Now we can move on to the moral rights.
- 11:51And when we say moral rights, the
- 11:54author, even if he assigns or licenses
- 11:56the work, the author still has or
- 12:00retains the following rights. First, the
- 12:03right to require that the authorship of
- 12:05the works be attributed to him. Okay? He
- 12:09can require the uh lency or the holder,
- 12:13hey, you have to state my name that that
- 12:15work is made by me. Okay? in particular
- 12:18the right that his name as far as
- 12:20practicable be indicated in a prominent
- 12:23way on the copies and in connection with
- 12:26the public use of his work and this is
- 12:29the only moral right that shall last not
- 12:32only during the lifetime of the author
- 12:34but also in perpetuity after his death
- 12:37so may forever. Okay. Now the following
- 12:41moral rights are cerminous with the
- 12:44economic rights. Cerminos meaning that
- 12:46during the lifetime of the author and
- 12:48for 50 years after his death. Okay. The
- 12:51following. First to make any alterations
- 12:54of his work prior to or to withhold it
- 12:57from publication.
- 13:00Second, to object to object to any
- 13:03distortion, mutilation or other
- 13:05modification of or other derogatory
- 13:08action in relation to his work which
- 13:11would be prejuditial to his honor and
- 13:14reputation. And third, to restrain the
- 13:17use of his name with respect to any work
- 13:20that is not of his own creation or in a
- 13:23distorted version of his work.
- 13:27Take note that while economic rights may
- 13:30be transferred or assigned or subject to
- 13:33license, moral rights cannot be assigned
- 13:36or be subject of a license. This these
- 13:39moral rights stick with the author.
- 13:41Okay. The author retains them even
- 13:43though he may have assigned the economic
- 13:46rights or transferred economic rights.
- 13:49So who owns the copyright? Okay, how
- 13:53long does the copyright last? Okay, it
- 13:55depends on the nature of the work.
- 13:58First, for original and artistic works,
- 14:02the author owns the copyright and the
- 14:04copyright shall last during the life of
- 14:06the author and for 50 years after his
- 14:09death, meaning that the heirs can enjoy
- 14:11the rights after the author dies.
- 14:14Postumous works or works that are after
- 14:16the death of the author are also
- 14:19protected for the same period. And the
- 14:22term of protection subsequent to
- 14:24publication or death shall be deemed to
- 14:26begin on January 1 of the year following
- 14:30the event which give gave rise to them
- 14:32meaning uh publication or death. Okay.
- 14:37Second, in case of works of joint
- 14:40ownership, okay, the co-authors shall be
- 14:43the original owners of the copyright.
- 14:47Of course, if there is an agreement, you
- 14:49follow the agreement, okay? and in the
- 14:51absence of an agreement, the rights
- 14:54shall be governed by the rules on
- 14:56co-ownership.
- 14:58If a work of joint ownership consists of
- 15:01parts that can be used separately and
- 15:04the author of each part can be
- 15:06identified, then the author of each part
- 15:09shall be the original owner of the
- 15:10copyright in the part that he has
- 15:13created.
- 15:15If the economic these economic rights
- 15:18shall be protected during the life of
- 15:20the last surviving author and for 50
- 15:23years after his death. Okay. Now for
- 15:28work created by an author during and in
- 15:31the course of his employment. Okay.
- 15:34These are the rules to whom the
- 15:36copyright shall belong. If the creation
- 15:39of the object of the copyright the thing
- 15:41itself if the creation of the the object
- 15:44is not part of the regular duties even
- 15:47if the employee uses the time facilities
- 15:49and materials of the employer then the
- 15:52employee or the creator is the owner of
- 15:56the copyright. Okay.
- 15:59But if the work is a result of the
- 16:01performance of his regularly assigned
- 16:04duties, then the employer is the owner
- 16:07unless there is an agreement expressed
- 16:09or implied to the quary. So check first
- 16:12as always if there is an agreement. Now
- 16:16what about work which is commissioned by
- 16:18a person other than the employer of the
- 16:21author and who pays for it and the work
- 16:24is made in pursuance of the commission.
- 16:26Then the person who so commissioned the
- 16:29work shall have ownership of the work
- 16:31the object itself but the copyright
- 16:34shall remain with the creator unless
- 16:37there is a written stipulation to the
- 16:39contrary. Okay. Now what about
- 16:42audiovisisual work? Okay. Audiovisisual.
- 16:45No. The copyright shall belong to the
- 16:48producer, the author of the scenario,
- 16:51the composer of the music, the film
- 16:53director and the author of the work so
- 16:57adapted.
- 16:59Okay, the meaning the original. So all
- 17:01these people own that audiovisisual
- 17:03work. Okay. The producer shall exercise
- 17:06the copyright to an extent required for
- 17:09the exhibition of the work in any manner
- 17:12except for the right to collect
- 17:14performing uh performing license fees
- 17:17for the performance of musical
- 17:19compositions with or without words which
- 17:22are incorporated into the work. Unless
- 17:25of course there are contrary or other
- 17:28stipulations among the creators meaning
- 17:31that the creators can make different
- 17:33agreements.
- 17:35The term shall be 50 years from the date
- 17:39of publication and if it's unpublished
- 17:42from the date of the making.
- 17:45What about letters and private
- 17:47communications? No, which are in writing
- 17:49of course let's say love letters those
- 17:52are included. Now these letters are
- 17:54owned by the person to whom they are
- 17:57addressed. So if a lover sends a letter
- 17:59to his girlfriend, then the girlfriend
- 18:01owns those letters. But these letters
- 18:05cannot be published or disseminated
- 18:08without the consent of the writer or his
- 18:10heirs. However, the court may authorize
- 18:14their publication or dissemination if
- 18:17the public good or the interest of
- 18:19justice so requires.
- 18:22What about anonymous and pseudonmous
- 18:25works? Okay. Or when we say anonymous,
- 18:28you don't know who the author is. Or uh
- 18:30pseudonymous works, meaning those works
- 18:33uh written by an author using a
- 18:36different name. Okay.
- 18:38Publishers shall be deemed to represent
- 18:41the authors of articles and other
- 18:43writings published without the names of
- 18:46the authors or under pseudonyms unless
- 18:50the contrary appears or the pseudonyms
- 18:53or adopted name leaves no doubt as to
- 18:55the author's identity or if the author
- 18:58of the anonymous works discloses his
- 19:02identity. he reveals himself as hey I am
- 19:04really uh xyz author. Okay. So uh the
- 19:10copyright shall be protected for 50
- 19:12years from the date on which the work
- 19:15was first lawfully published. In case
- 19:18the author's identity is revealed or is
- 19:21no longer in doubt before the 50-year
- 19:23period expires, the copyright shall be
- 19:27protected during the life of the author
- 19:29and for 50 years after his death or the
- 19:32death of the last surviving author. In
- 19:35case of postumous, anonymous or
- 19:37pseudonmous works meaning anonymous or
- 19:40pseudonymous works that uh were
- 19:42published after the death of the author,
- 19:45then they shall be protected for 50
- 19:47years counted from the making of the
- 19:50work. Okay. So what about works of
- 19:53applied art? The protection shall be for
- 19:56a period of 25 years from the date of
- 19:59making. As for photographic works, the
- 20:03protection shall be from 50 years from
- 20:07the publication of the work and if
- 20:09unpublished 50 years from the making.
- 20:13What about performances which are not
- 20:15incorporated in recordings? Then 50
- 20:18years from the time from the end of the
- 20:21year in which the performance took
- 20:23place. For sound or image and sound
- 20:27recordings and for performance
- 20:29incorporated in such recordings they are
- 20:32protected for 50 years from the end of
- 20:34the year in which the recording took
- 20:36place. And uh finally in case of
- 20:39broadcasts
- 20:41the term shall be for 20 years from the
- 20:43date that the broadcast took place.
- 20:48Now the law grants specific economic
- 20:52rights to performers, producers of sound
- 20:55recordings and broadcasting
- 20:57organizations. These are known as the
- 21:00neighboring or related rights. Okay.
- 21:03First for performers,
- 21:06actors, singers, musicians, dancers and
- 21:09other persons who act, sing, declaim,
- 21:12play in, interpret or otherwise perform
- 21:15literary and artistic work. Okay. First,
- 21:19as regarding their performance, the
- 21:21right authorizing the broadcasting or
- 21:23other communication or transmission to
- 21:25the public of their performance, and the
- 21:28fixation, meaning the embodiment of
- 21:31sounds or the representations thereof
- 21:33from which they can be perceived,
- 21:35reproduced, or communicated through a
- 21:37device, or of their unfixed performance.
- 21:41These rights shall be maintained and
- 21:43exercised 50 years after their death by
- 21:47their heirs and in default of heirs the
- 21:50government where the protection is
- 21:52claimed. Okay.
- 21:55Again for performance they have the
- 21:57right to authorize broadcasting and the
- 22:00embodiment of what uh of what they made
- 22:02into a recording. Okay. That lasts for
- 22:0550 years.
- 22:07Next, the right of authorizing the
- 22:09direct or indirect reproduction of their
- 22:12performances fixed in sound recordings
- 22:15or audiovisisual works or fixations in
- 22:18any manner of or form. The next right,
- 22:21the right of authorizing the first
- 22:24public distribution of the original and
- 22:27copies of their performance fixed in
- 22:29recordings, okay? Or fixations through
- 22:32sale or rental or other forms of
- 22:35transfer. subject of course to the right
- 22:37to receive additional remuneration and
- 22:40in case the additional remuneration is
- 22:42not agreed upon then the law says they
- 22:46shall be receive at least 5% of the
- 22:49original compensation received for the
- 22:51first communication. Okay. Next right
- 22:55the right of authorizing the commercial
- 22:58rental to the public of the original and
- 23:01copies of the performances which are
- 23:03fixed in recordings. Okay. And uh the
- 23:07last the right of authorizing the making
- 23:10available to the public of their
- 23:12performance performances which are fixed
- 23:14in recordings. Okay.
- 23:18So performers also have the moral right
- 23:21with regard to their live oral
- 23:23performances. No oral AU no meaning uh
- 23:26auditory or performances which are fixed
- 23:29in sound recordings or in audiovisisual
- 23:33works or fixations to claim to be
- 23:36identified as the performer. No credits
- 23:38no they they should be listed in the
- 23:40credits and to object to any distortion
- 23:43mutilation or other modification of
- 23:46their performances. In short they can
- 23:49say
- 23:51performance. Okay. So that's for
- 23:54performers. Those are the neighboring or
- 23:56related rights. As for producers of
- 23:59sound recordings, they also have
- 24:01neighboring and related rights or
- 24:03related rights. No. So the person or the
- 24:07legal entity who or which takes the
- 24:09initiative and has the responsibility
- 24:12for the first fixation of the sounds of
- 24:15a performance or the representation of
- 24:17such sounds. They have the following
- 24:20rights. First, the following neighboring
- 24:23or associated rights. Now, first, the
- 24:25right to authorize the direct or
- 24:27indirect reproduction of their sound
- 24:29recordings in any manner or or form. No,
- 24:33meaning the placing of these
- 24:34reproductions in the market and the
- 24:36right of rental or lending. Next right
- 24:40is to authorize the first public
- 24:42distribution of the original and copies
- 24:45of their sound recordings through sale
- 24:47or rental. No. Next. right to authorize
- 24:51the commercial rental to the public of
- 24:53the original and copies of their sound
- 24:55recordings even after distribution by
- 24:58them or pursuant to author authorization
- 25:02by the producer. And last, the right to
- 25:06authorize the making available to the
- 25:08public of their sound recordings in such
- 25:10a way that members of the public may
- 25:13access the sound recording from a place
- 25:15and a time individually chosen or
- 25:18selected by them as well as other
- 25:20transmissions of a sound recording with
- 25:22like effect. Okay. And uh the last uh
- 25:27class which has uh neighboring rights
- 25:30would be broadcasting organizations
- 25:32which refer to natural may refer to a
- 25:35natural person or a juredical entity
- 25:38which is duly organized to engage in
- 25:41broadcasting. So they can enjoy the
- 25:44exclusive right to carry out authorize
- 25:46or prevent any of the following acts.
- 25:49First the rebroadcasting of their
- 25:52broadcasts. Okay. they can uh carry that
- 25:54out or they can prevent it. No. Second,
- 25:57the recording in any manner including
- 26:00the making of films or the use of
- 26:02videotape of their broadcasts for the
- 26:04purpose of communication to the public
- 26:08and the use of such records for fresh
- 26:11transmissions or for fresh recording.
- 26:16So uh take note that a literary,
- 26:18artistic or scholarly work is already
- 26:21protected from the moment of its
- 26:23creation. However, for additional
- 26:26protection, the law provides for the
- 26:28procedure of registration.
- 26:31Take note that registration is not
- 26:34necessary to protect the work as the
- 26:36copyright again exists from the moment
- 26:39of creation. for registration. Section
- 26:43191 gives us the rule at any time during
- 26:46the subsistence of the copyright, the
- 26:48owner of the copyright or of any
- 26:51exclusive right in the work may for the
- 26:53purpose of completing the records of the
- 26:55national library and the Supreme Court
- 26:57library. They may register and deposit
- 27:00with those libraries by personal
- 27:02delivery or by registered mail to
- 27:05complete copies or reproductions of the
- 27:07work in such form as may be prescribed
- 27:10by the libraries. Okay. Take note now I
- 27:14mentioned Supreme Court library but uh
- 27:16you only register there if uh uh if it
- 27:20uh pertains to some a work in the field
- 27:23of law. Okay? Otherwise everything else
- 27:25goes to the national library. Now uh
- 27:29again registration is not required okay
- 27:31registration and deposit with the
- 27:33library is not a condition of copyright
- 27:36protection and this is recognized in the
- 27:39website of the intellectual property
- 27:41office which says that recordation or
- 27:44deposit of your works is not necessary
- 27:47but authors and artists may opt to e
- 27:50execute an affidavit of ownership with
- 27:53the national library or the intellectual
- 27:56property office for the issuance of
- 27:59recordation and deposit. Okay, you can
- 28:02check out their website at uh
- 28:04ipoofill.gov.ph.
- 28:06I'll put it in the description below.
- 28:08Okay, in order to register your
- 28:10copyright online and they have
- 28:12instructions there, so it should be no
- 28:14problem at all. So, if registration is
- 28:18not necessary to protect the copyright,
- 28:20what's the use? Well, aside from serving
- 28:22as evidence of the copyright,
- 28:25okay, it also facilitates enforcement of
- 28:27the copyright after the author or the
- 28:29creator has died under section 198. The
- 28:34persons to be ch to to be charged with a
- 28:36postumous enforcement of copyrights
- 28:39shall be named in a written instrument
- 28:42which shall be filed with the national
- 28:43library and in their default the
- 28:46enforcement will devolve upon the
- 28:47author's heirs and in default of the
- 28:50heirs again the director of the national
- 28:53library.
- 28:54So how do we know that a copyright
- 28:56exists? Well, section 192 states that
- 29:00each copy of a work published or offered
- 29:03for sale may contain a notice bearing
- 29:07the name of the copyright owner and the
- 29:09year of its first publication. And in
- 29:12copies produced after the creator's
- 29:14death, then the year of such death.
- 29:17Since the the law uses the word may, the
- 29:20notice is not mandatory. However, take
- 29:22note that it is preferable. No, you
- 29:25would want to protect yourself in any
- 29:27way you can.
- 29:29Now, the law allows the owner of a
- 29:31copyright to transfer, assign, and
- 29:33license the copyright. Section 180.1
- 29:37states that the copyright may be
- 29:39assigned or licensed in whole or even in
- 29:42part. Okay. Within the scope of the
- 29:45assignment or license, the assenee or
- 29:48lency is entitled to all the rights and
- 29:51remedies which the assigner or licensor
- 29:54had with respect to the contract and
- 29:57this licensing or assignment must be
- 29:59written and the copyright owner has a
- 30:01right to regular statements of account.
- 30:04Okay. The assignment or license may be
- 30:07filed with the national library.
- 30:11Now in case of a submission of a
- 30:13literary, photographic or artistic work
- 30:16to a newspaper, magazine or periodical
- 30:19for publication that shall constitute
- 30:22only a license to make a single
- 30:24publication unless a greater right is
- 30:28expressly granted. No. So the parties
- 30:30can agree for a greater scope no in
- 30:33their agreement.
- 30:35Now, if two or more persons jointly own
- 30:38a copyright or any part thereof, neither
- 30:41of the owners shall be entitled to the
- 30:43to grant licenses without the prior
- 30:46written consent of the other owner. No,
- 30:48because you jointly own it. Okay? You
- 30:50have to get the consent of the other
- 30:51person. Now, I mentioned earlier that
- 30:54the copyright is distinct from the
- 30:56object or work subject of the copyright.
- 30:59Consequently, the transfer, assignment,
- 31:01or licensing of the copyright shall not
- 31:04by itself constitute a transfer of the
- 31:07material object.
- 31:10Nor shall a transfer or assignment of
- 31:13the sole copy or one or several copies
- 31:16of the work that will not imply
- 31:18transfer, assignment or licensing of the
- 31:22copyright. Okay. So uh again I discussed
- 31:25the rights and the duration of those
- 31:27rights and the procedure for
- 31:29registration. No uh in the next episode
- 31:32I'll be talking about infringement or
- 31:35the violation of the rights that I just
- 31:38discussed. Okay. So I hope you may have
- 31:40picked up a thing or two and I hope to
- 31:43see you next time guys. Okay. See you
- 31:44soon. Bye.
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