YT YouTube2Text

YouTube2Text → Transcripts → Complete Ancient History | The Mauryan Empire | Lec-6 | UPSC CSE 2025 | Indian History | Alok Ojha

Complete Ancient History | The Mauryan Empire | Lec-6 | UPSC CSE 2025 | Indian History | Alok Ojha — Transcript

by StudyIQ IAS: English · 8,454 words · 1,334 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

Open in transcriber Summarize with AI Download SRT/VTT

Full transcript

0:00Hello friends welcome back to ancient
0:01Indian history series of study iqis
0:04English till now we have covered
0:06different chapters of ancient Indian
0:08history series that is the first chapter
0:10prehistoric culture apart from that we
0:13have covered three parts in vic
0:14civilization that is Vic civilization
0:16part one part two and the conclusion we
0:20have also covered in short about the
0:22different Maha Jan pads or the important
0:23mahaj janad today's chapter is of vital
0:27importance in entire ancient Indian
0:29history
0:31why because here we are going to discuss
0:33one of the most important dynasties of
0:36that time and that is as the title
0:38suggests the modern
0:40Empire okay guys so without wasting any
0:43more time let's begin with the modern
0:46Empire again today's series or today's
0:49session is full of interesting and
0:51Beautiful Stories hope you'll enjoy
0:53these stories and along with that you'll
0:56get to learn something new apart from
0:58different terminology facts and Concepts
1:02okay guys so let's begin with the modern
1:05Empire who was the founder of modern
1:08Empire the founder of modern Empire was
1:11Chandra gupt MAA chundra gupt MAA is
1:14often refers referred as sandras or
1:17andras in Greek and Latin
1:20literature now before I explain about
1:23chrup Maia let me give you a brief
1:26synopsis about who the Alexander was
1:29what was a role played by chanakya in
1:32making Chandra gupt MAA as one of the
1:34greatest or the mightiest emperor of the
1:36most important dynasties at that time
1:39that is modern
1:40Empire listen to me carefully guys a
1:43wonderful and beautiful stories try to
1:45correlate the different stories because
1:47here I'm going to tell you two to three
1:48different stories
1:51okay let's begin with the first part of
1:54the story
1:56Alexander Alexander was son of Philip of
2:00Macedonia who ruled over the region of
2:02Greece now it is believed that the
2:05Greece and Persians at that time were
2:07fighting for the supremacy of the world
2:10and Alexander the Greek king defeated
2:13the Persian ruler Darius 1 now he wanted
2:17to explore India he not only wanted to
2:19explore India to loot it to loot its
2:22wealth or to expand his territories but
2:25also he was a keen student of
2:27geographical inquiry in simple words he
2:30wanted to explore the geographical
2:32terrains of
2:34India Alexander he came to India like
2:37the Arians came to India Alexander
2:41entered into India through hiber Pass
2:44which is located in hindukush mountains
2:48It is believed that Alexander's Army was
2:50so powerful I'll give you one of the
2:52statements where I have read in one of
2:54the books of VD Mahajan and the
2:56statement goes like if the Alexander
2:59Army is thirsty and if they are resting
3:02by the rivers side they will dry up the
3:05entire River you can imagine the
3:08strength and the vastness of the army of
3:10Alexander so Alexander was a very
3:13powerful ruler and many rulers at that
3:16time particularly in the Indian
3:17subcontinent meekly submitted to
3:20Alexander without fighting a battle and
3:23the first ruler to submit to Alexander
3:26was King Ami he was a ruler of
3:28takshashila at that
3:30time he submitted without fighting a
3:33battle but there was one ruler who was
3:36who is also revered in the textbooks of
3:38History his name was porus he bravely he
3:43valiantly fighted with the fighted with
3:45the army of
3:47Alexander and in that case it is
3:49believed that he showed an exemplary
3:52courage fascinated by the Courage The
3:55Bravery The Valor shown by porus
3:58Alexander returned back him his
4:00territories in fact he added on more
4:02territories now Alexander moved till the
4:05northern part of river Bas and like
4:09since almost like 6 and a half years to
4:116 years his what we say Army was war
4:15they were homesick they were
4:16continuously fighting battles and now
4:19Alexander had to retreat back to his
4:22country now Alexander on the way had
4:24conquered many territories so while
4:27going back okay in the memory of
4:29Alexander he erected 12 altars on the
4:33bank of Northern Bank of river Bas to
4:36set an example that he is one of the
4:38world
4:39conquerors and it is believed that while
4:41going back he redistributed those
4:43territories among his loyal Governors
4:45and he divided them into three
4:47parts got it this is one part of the
4:51story second part of the story pay
4:55attention as we have seen in mahaj janad
4:58the last rer of nandha dynasty was
5:01danand very greedy very cruel ruler he
5:06used to impose taxes on the people and
5:08whatever money was coming from the taxes
5:11rather than spending that money for the
5:12welfare of his subjects he used to
5:14sponsor his lavish lifestyle and one of
5:17the ministers in the court or one of the
5:19scholars in the court of danand was
5:21chanakya oftenly referred as scota or
5:25vishnugupt it is believed that in his
5:27childhood days chanakya had a symbol of
5:30snake on his teeth which is a lucky
5:32symbol which symbolizes that either
5:34he'll become a great king or a great
5:36Minister but one day an astrologer
5:39visited his home and told his mother
5:41that your son will become a great king
5:43or a minister instead of being happy his
5:46mother started weeping she started
5:47crying and it is believed that chanaka
5:50immediately picked up a stone and broke
5:52his teeth this simply exemplifies one
5:55thing Chakan never had the greed or lust
5:58for power and money
6:00but see he became an important scholar
6:02in the court of danand the last ruler of
6:05nandha
6:06Dynasty moving ahead there was a there
6:09was a femine in the region of patliputra
6:11and what is the Raj Dharma of the ruler
6:14in the condition or situation like feine
6:16it is a responsibility or the duty of
6:18the ruler to free The Peasant from that
6:20burden of
6:21Taxation at this point of time danand
6:25overburdened the peasons with the taxes
6:28It is believed that he inrease the taxes
6:30by 8 to 12 times people got infuriated
6:35they came to chanakya and said please go
6:37and explain your uh King your master
6:40chak went to explain danand the court
6:43was full of ministers as soon as chanaka
6:46entered and tried to explain the rajad
6:48Dharma to danand danand got angry he got
6:51annoyed he got infuriated and said you
6:54are Pandit do your duty don't teach me
6:57my rajad Dharma chanakya felt humiliated
7:01he felt insulted but he could not utter
7:04a word why because he was a normal
7:07Minister and danand he was a great
7:09emperor at that time there wasn't any
7:12change in the attitude of danand in the
7:14fourth coming years one fine day chanaka
7:17got angry and he came to danand and said
7:20in the front of all the ministers that
7:22you have forgotten your rajad
7:25Dharma danand became so angry that he
7:27kicked chanak in the chest you guys
7:30might have seen The Pick of chanakya
7:31there is a knot behind his head as soon
7:35as he kicked chanakya in the chest
7:37chanaka fell down and is not got open
7:40immediately he took a wow immediately he
7:43took a pledge until and unless I destroy
7:45you until unless I destroy your kingdom
7:48I won't reveal my face to
7:50you from there onwards he left
7:53patliputra and started moving into the
7:55jungles of wind and
7:57mountains specifically in the region of
8:00winja now basically it is seen that he
8:03was resting under a tree and when he was
8:05resting under a tree he saw a boy a
8:09small boy of 10 to 12 years of age he
8:12was playing with the Lo he was playing
8:13with the local children and when he was
8:16playing they were playing a game wherein
8:18this 10 to 12 years of old boy whose
8:20name was chandu in the coming years
8:23Chandra Gupta Mora he played the role of
8:25a king chanaka was very much attracted
8:28by this young boy rather than saying
8:30young boy young child basically 10 to 12
8:33years of old he played the role of a
8:36king in a very beautiful and immense
8:39manner which depicted bravery chivalry
8:43and decision-making
8:44skills many historians many historical
8:47texts believe that chanaka purchased
8:50this 10 to 12 years old boy named as
8:52chandu from his foster father from his
8:56foster father by giving him thousand
8:58gold coins
8:59and now chanakya moved along with this
9:02boy to
9:04takila various historical texts believe
9:07that chanakya was a graduate of
9:09takshashila University many historians
9:12believe that chanakya basically was a
9:14professor later on he became a professor
9:16in takshashila
9:18University
9:20now chanakya had two
9:23students one was an Himalayan ruler
9:26parwat we'll understand about his role
9:28as well one was Himalayan ruler parvat
9:31also referred as Pat in various
9:33historical
9:35text okay and another student was chandu
9:39oftenly referred as Chandra Gupta MAA
9:42now he trained both of them okay now as
9:46I've told you about the first part of
9:47the story Alexander now if Alexander is
9:50such a great ruler he's not only because
9:53of what his hard work it is also because
9:55of his strategy his skills so chanaka
9:58insist said chundra gupt Moria okay to
10:03be a part of Alexander's Army for some
10:05time and learn certain new strategies
10:06and skill and this was done by alexand
10:09this was done by Chandra Gupta MAA as
10:12I've told you like the army of Alexander
10:14was war very they were homesick since
10:17they have been fighting battles for past
10:196 and a half years now what happened
10:22Alexander's Army had to
10:25retreat chanakya he became full of pride
10:29he said that if I have made such a huge
10:32Emperor to retreat who is danand he
10:35nothing more than peenuts without any
10:37strategy without any planning he
10:39directly attacked partira with few
10:41soldiers few Cavalry men and few
10:44chariots and
10:46Horses by the evening his entire Army
10:49was
10:50thwarted his entire Army was being
10:52cleaned up by the army of danand was
10:54Army of 1.5 to 2 lakhs It is believed
10:58that chaka and Chandra gupt Moria came
11:01and hided in a small village an incident
11:04completely changed chanakya's life and
11:06that incident was as I've told you
11:09previously a lady was feeding his child
11:12with Dal rice kitchi and that child
11:15directly put his hands into the kiter
11:17and his fingers got burned that lady
11:20said you are a fool like chakya you
11:23should eat it from the circumference so
11:24that it becomes colder and secondly you
11:27will suffice your hunger chanakya
11:30immediately realized his mistake and
11:32came up with a new Theory called as
11:34sapang Theory sapang basically try to
11:37break this etimology into two parts sap
11:40Ang seven parts so he came up with seven
11:44parts of the administration which is
11:45relevant even today in every branch of
11:48the
11:49administration and now this person
11:52chanak came up with a new
11:55strategy Chandra gupt Mor now realized
11:58that he could could not alone fight with
12:00the army of dhanan so chundra Gupta MAA
12:04and as per different historical records
12:07another student of chanakya who was also
12:11the Himalayan ruler whose name was
12:13parvat or Pat they made a strategy and
12:17what was that strategy they both will
12:19make an alliance against
12:22danand and after the defeat of dhanan
12:25they will distribute the kingdom equally
12:27between both of them
12:29okay got it they had a plan they had an
12:33alliance they overthrew danand and
12:37before establishment of modern Empire
12:39there was a question in the mind of
12:42chanakya whom to make the ruler of the
12:45Moran Empire at
12:46patut so now as per different historical
12:50text see guys different historical text
12:53reveal different stories but I'm coming
12:55up with a common story here okay so chak
12:59now had a question whom to make the
13:01ruler parvat or what we say uh Chandra
13:06Gupta MAA so he tried to tested both of
13:08his uh
13:10students Now One Fine Day Chandra gupt
13:14MAA was
13:15sleeping okay and it is believed that
13:18the Chandra gupt MAA had a gold chain or
13:21a Woolen kind of a chain or a necklace
13:24around his
13:25neck okay now chakya gave a task to
13:30parvat or Pat that go and remove that
13:32necklace or a chain without waking up
13:35Chandra gupt MAA parvat or Pat thought
13:39for a while but he could not come up
13:41with the answer to this
13:43question next day this person parak was
13:48sleeping when parak was sleeping the
13:50same task was given to Chandra gupt MAA
13:53Chandra gupt Maia went there and
13:56beheaded
13:57parvat now ch decided that this person
14:01is not only uh basically skillful he's
14:04also he's also courageous and he
14:07deserves to become the ruler of modern
14:09Empire so Chandra gupt Mor now became
14:13the ruler of one of the mightiest
14:15empires of ancient India that is the
14:18Moran
14:19Empire now he is also referred as
14:23sandras or andras in Greek and Latin
14:27literature
14:29okay as I have this is the second part
14:32of the story now let's move to the third
14:34part as I have told you
14:37previously when Alexander was going back
14:40to his country he redistributed the
14:42territories among his loyal
14:44Governors and in the region of India
14:47Afghanistan border particularly around
14:49the region of Kabul kandhar herat and
14:53baluchistan I repeat Kabul kandh herat
14:56and
14:57baluchistan he gave gave those
14:59territories to celus nikator one of the
15:02loyal governors of
15:04Alexander now cicus nicator he wanted to
15:07fulfill the dream of his master
15:09Alexander to conquer entire
15:11India but celus cicus niker was mistaken
15:16this time why because this time the
15:19region of northern part of India was
15:21under one of the mightiest ruler Chandra
15:23gupt Marya under the guidance of one of
15:25the most important scholar chakar
15:27katilla
15:29he just decided to conquer India and by
15:33by that time chundra gupt maa's Army had
15:37reached the doors of
15:39Afghanistan celus nikor had to retreat
15:43back he surrendered four regions to whom
15:47the four regions were submitted to
15:48Chandra gupt MAA which included Kabul
15:51kandhar herat and
15:53baluchistan apart from this cicus
15:56nicator also married his daughter Helen
15:59to Chandra Gupta MAA and in fact many
16:02historical texts reveal that Chandra
16:04Gupta Maia in return gave a gift of 500
16:07elephants to Celicas
16:10necator the entire incident depicts one
16:13thing and what is that the V spy network
16:16of Chandra gupt
16:18Maia correct it is believed that Chandra
16:22gupt Maia was ruling in the eastern part
16:25okay suppose this is part liut in the
16:28region of Bihar now Afghanistan was in
16:30the Northwestern part so he cannot
16:32govern the region of Afghanistan
16:34directly so what did he do he appointed
16:37a special Governor to for the territory
16:39of Northwestern Province and his name
16:42was push gupt I repeat push Gupta was
16:45appointed as the
16:47governor okay apart from following the
16:50uh policy of imperialism apart from
16:53expanding his territories Chandra gupt
16:55morio was also interested in improving
16:58the trade
16:59and for that he built many roads it is
17:03believed that Chandra gupt M constructed
17:05a road from patliputra to
17:08takila that is from east to the
17:11Northwest part and the midpoint of the
17:14road was
17:16Varanasi and at that time Kashi was the
17:19Maha janad with its capital at Varanasi
17:21waras the name derives from Two Rivers
17:24waruna and AI so Chandra gupt MAA
17:28constructed a Road from patliputra to
17:31takshashila with its midpoint at
17:35Varanasi correct with its midpoint at
17:38Varanasi and it is believed that
17:40Varanasi at that time become became an
17:42important center of trade particularly
17:45in Cotton textile slaves and
17:49horses okay now chrup M also constructed
17:54many reservoirs so that the peasants
17:57would get ease for the irrigation
18:00purpose now another part of the story it
18:03is believed that during the reign of
18:06Chandra Gupta morya again there was
18:08femine in
18:10Parra and at that time the J mongs got
18:14divided into two groups the first group
18:17was led by bhadra Bahu and the second
18:20group was led by stul bhadra the group
18:25that was led by bhadra
18:27Bahu excuse me the group that was led by
18:31bhadrabahu moved towards southern part
18:34of India particularly Shan bagula in
18:38Karnataka and the group led by stul
18:41bhadra they stayed in partira
18:44itself after 12 years it is believed
18:48that the group led by bhadra Bahu came
18:51back to
18:52patliputra and there were ideological
18:54differences between bhadra Bahu and sto
18:57bhadra and from here onwards there was
19:00shiism in jism shiism basically means
19:05division in
19:06jism so the followers of bhadra Bahu
19:09came to be referred as damber whereas
19:13the follower of sto bhadra who stayed in
19:15Parra were referred as
19:20shambar correct now what is the
19:23relevance of this story in Chandra gupt
19:25maa's life it is believed that this
19:29event occurred during the tenure of
19:31Chandra gupt Moran first thing second
19:34major aspect as I've have told you the
19:37group led by bhadra Bahu moved towards
19:40southern part of India particularly Shan
19:42bagula so it is believed that Chandra
19:46gupt MAA he gave his entire Kingdom to
19:50his son bindusar under the guidance of
19:52an able Minister chanakya and finally he
19:56renounced his entire what his kingdom
20:00and along with bhadra Bahu Chandra gupt
20:03MAA also moved towards Shan
20:07bagola so many historical texts reveal
20:09that Chandra gupt ma accepted jism
20:13during the end of his
20:15Reign okay and this entire event has
20:18been mentioned in a book called as Paris
20:21Paran it's a gen text I repeat this
20:24entire event has been mentioned in a gen
20:27text called as Paris
20:31peran correct it is believed that
20:33Chandra gupt MAA during his last days as
20:37I've told you he accepted jism he
20:39committed Sana and what is Sana fast
20:43unto death so please remember this
20:46terminology he committed
20:49salana correct as I've told you
20:52previously Chandra Gupta MAA in many
20:54historical text particularly the Greek
20:56and Latin literature is mentioned as
20:59sandras or
21:02andras
21:05okay this was the story of Chandra gupt
21:09Maia yes guys wasn't the story
21:12interesting
21:22yes let's move on with another beautiful
21:25story of bindusar the son of Chandra
21:29gupt
21:33MAA again interesting story pay
21:35attention
21:37carefully
21:40bindusar bindus sar's original name was
21:44simin okay now he finds mention in
21:48various text like uh Buddhist text like
21:51deepams and Maha WAMS and gen text like
21:54parti Paran he also finds mention in
21:58wishnu puran okay now there's a very
22:01interesting story associated with birth
22:04of
22:05bindusar now listen to me very carefully
22:08and the name bindusar was given to
22:10bindusar by chanakya
22:13how like it is like it is said that
22:16battle is not the only means to defeat a
22:18ruler or waging a war is not the only
22:21means to kill a ruler you can also kill
22:24a ruler by poisoning him and chanakya he
22:28knew this very well so what did chanaka
22:31do like chanaka used to add small doses
22:35of poison into the food of Chandra gupt
22:37moram so that his body system or his
22:41immune system gets immune to the poison
22:43attack I'll give you a small example
22:46okay suppose you if you have a cuff and
22:48cold and to treat or cure that cuff and
22:51cold you take a very heavy
22:53antibiotic your cuff and cold will get
22:56cured but for the next time
22:59when you get a heavy cuff and cold and
23:00if you take the same antibiotic the
23:03probability is there that that
23:05antibiotic won't what we say cure your
23:07disease why because your body has become
23:10resistant to that
23:12antibiotic true similarly Chandra Gupta
23:16Moria he used to have small doses of
23:18poison in his food so that his body will
23:20get poison
23:22resistance Now One Fine Day Chandra gupt
23:25Moria was sitting along with his second
23:27Queen named as dhara I repeat he was
23:30sitting along with a second Queen named
23:32as durara and he was having his
23:37lunch durara at this time was pregnant
23:41and she was few days away from Delivery
23:435 to seven days away from delivery as
23:45I've have told you the food of Chandra
23:48gupt MAA has certain amount of poison in
23:50it now he started eating the food and he
23:52forgot about that that there is some
23:54poison what we say mixed in the food
23:56because he has the habit of it
23:59and he started eating as soon as he took
24:01two to three or what we say as soon as
24:04it took two to three spoons of certain
24:06vegetable or a curry he realized that
24:08there is some sort of poison in the food
24:11and by now his wife who was having lunch
24:13along with him she started vomiting
24:16blood because she was not resistant to
24:19that poison immediately chanaka was
24:22called chanakya immediately called bhaj
24:25or mishak bhaj or mishak are doctors of
24:28that time also referred as
24:30vya immediately vya was called and it
24:34was after checking the nerves it is it
24:37was said that either you could save the
24:39fetus or you could save the
24:41queen Chandra gupt MAA left the entire
24:44decision in the hands of his Guru that
24:47is chanakya chanaka said save the fetus
24:51and kill the
24:53lady initially the head of the queen
24:56durara was cut why because because as
24:58soon as she will fall down the blood
25:00will flow in the upward Direction and
25:03when the blood will flow in the upward
25:04Direction the poison that is being mixed
25:06in the blood won't flow to the
25:08fetus later on the belly of the lady
25:12durar was cut or the queen durara was
25:14cut and put the fetus was put in the
25:17fresh goat fetus for the next 7
25:20Days okay can you imagine the surgerical
25:23technique at that time the fetus of
25:26durara was cut at and it was put in the
25:30fetus of a goat for the next 7
25:33Days okay and it is believed that after
25:37seventh day a boy was born and when the
25:40boy was
25:42born the first drop of a goat's blood
25:45fell on the boy's
25:47forehead hence the boy was named as
25:50bindusar that is strength of a drop of a
25:52goat's blood and this name bindusar was
25:55given to him by whom ch
25:59and the original name of bindusar was
26:02Sim
26:03Hussein got it now different stories it
26:08is believed that about
26:11bindusar now as I've told you chanakya
26:15initially was a minister in the court of
26:17dhananand as well correct so chanakya it
26:21is said that he in the in that Court he
26:24knew one Minister whose name was subu
26:27and subu was expert in the economic
26:30skills in the financial skills so now he
26:34suggested chanaka suggested bindusar to
26:36make subu as a minister in his
26:39court and since bindusar knew everything
26:43that bindusar knew this that actually
26:45chanakya was responsible for creating
26:48such a mighty Empire because he was Guru
26:50of his father Chandra gupt MAA so
26:53bindusar always respected the decision
26:55taken by chanakya so he said ch if it is
26:59your wish and if you know this that that
27:01he's a good scholar he's a good Finance
27:03Minister you can appoint him as a
27:05minister subu was appointed as a
27:08minister in the court of
27:10bindusar okay now with the passage of
27:14time this person subu who was appointed
27:17as a minister started feeling jealous of
27:21chanakya why because whenever a major
27:24decision needs to be taken bindusar
27:27always conern consulted chanakya he
27:30never consulted whom
27:32subu and although subu was an important
27:35Minister he never consulted him subu got
27:38jealous and one fine day chanakya was
27:42outside the like basically chanaka was
27:45out due to some reason and taking this
27:48as an opportunity subu poisoned the mind
27:51of bindusar how he said to bindusar do
27:55you know who is the killer of your
27:56mother who killed your mother it was
28:00chanakya who killed your
28:02mother now bindusar he like he got
28:06infuriated with
28:07chanakya and at this point of time he's
28:10like although bindusar was a mighty
28:12ruler but in that case chanaka was also
28:15a very good scholar at that time he had
28:17a good fan following among the people at
28:19that time so he could not directly kill
28:21him but now Bindu star started avoiding
28:25chanakya and when Bindu star started
28:28hating chanak or when he started
28:29avoiding him what happened
28:32basically chaki realized this and chanak
28:36believes in one thing if you are not
28:38respected in a particular place leave
28:41that place if people do not understand
28:43your worth in that place leave that
28:46place chanakya resigned as a prime
28:48minister of bindusar and moved into the
28:50jungles and lived started Living as a
28:53hermit now at that point of time when
28:56chanaka was leaving bindusar even did
28:59not inquire from chanaka why are you
29:02leaving chanaka went into the jungles
29:04now the administration of bindusar was
29:07completely do
29:09drums now bindusar started realizing his
29:12mistake that why did I allow chanek to
29:16go at that point of time there was a
29:18lady who has born and who has brought up
29:21bindusar she came to bindusar and said
29:24if chanaka couldn't have been there you
29:26couldn't have been the Great Emperor
29:28forget about you couldn't have been the
29:30great emperor your father couldn't have
29:32been the great emperor it is because of
29:34chanakya this modern Empire exist on the
29:36land of
29:38Patra bindusar immediately realized his
29:41mistake he went to meet chanakya he
29:44started searching chanakya and one fine
29:47day he got the glimpse of chanaka he
29:49went to chanakya he apologized chanak
29:52but chanaka said that I've have
29:53completely renounced my all the
29:56ministerial duties now I'm living a life
29:59of an
30:00estic and please do allow me to live
30:02into the jungles he went back bindusar
30:06bindusar now called subu you have
30:09poisoned my Minds go and get chanakya
30:11and if chanaka doesn't comes I will behe
30:14you now subu goes into the jungles
30:17searching searching for
30:19chanakya and subhu one F day meets
30:22chanaka what a wonderful dialogue given
30:24by chanaka to subhu and what was that
30:29to run the administration politics is
30:32necessary I repeat to run the
30:35administration politics is necessary but
30:38don't play politics with the originator
30:41of
30:42politics I repeat to run the
30:45administration politics is necessary but
30:48don't play politics with the originator
30:50of politics subu now realized that
30:54chanakya won't come back to the court so
30:57subu also renounced all his ministerial
31:00duties and started living a life of an
31:02estic along with
31:04chakya wasn't that beautiful story
31:07correct now it is believed that bindusar
31:10is also referred in various Sanskrit
31:13text as amrat okay amrat basically means
31:17killer of enemies or Slayer of foes foes
31:21basically means enemies so he's referred
31:24as amitra he is also referred in Greek
31:27and and Latin literature as anrio chates
31:31I repeat in Greek and Latin literature
31:34he is also referred as anrio
31:37chates okay Egyptian king philadelphus
31:42he sent an ambassador to the court of
31:45what we say bindusar and his name was
31:48dionas I repeat
31:51dionas it is believed that bindusar he
31:54became the follower of ajivika sect
31:56during the end of his
31:58Reign One More fact that needs to be
32:01noted down guys like megatin who wrote
32:04Inda one of the most beautiful text of
32:06that time which actually reveals the
32:09history of India at that time was a
32:11scholar in the court of Chandra Gupta
32:14Moria okay so guys this was the story of
32:19Chandra Gupta Maia and his son
32:22bindusar hope so the points are clear
32:26any query any doubt any question
32:32guys now let's move on with one of the
32:35most important rulers not only of modern
32:39Empire but of entire ancient
32:42India guys I'm not segregating or I'm
32:45not having a bifurcating opinion on that
32:48case but when the word ancient India
32:51comes and when the word the brave rulers
32:53of ancient India comes there are many
32:55rulers many rulers but but two major
32:58rulers have given the prime importance
33:00in our historical text and one among
33:03them is ashoke second one is Gupta
33:06dynasty ruler s samudra gupt also
33:09referred as Napoleon of India or Indian
33:12Napoleon by wincon Smith so let's speak
33:15about
33:21ashoke it is believed that bindusar he
33:25had more than 100 Sons
33:28various historical text reveal different
33:31stories okay so let's go by the common
33:35stories bindusar had more than 100 sons
33:40and one among them was
33:42Ashok ashoke basically means painless
33:45and without
33:47fear without pain Ashoka never knew what
33:51pain is what fear is now ashuka he was
33:55expert in scriptures he was expert in
33:59academics and apart from that he was
34:02also expert in Warfare skills archery
34:06Cavalry he worked as a Cavalry men
34:09everything horse riding he was expert in
34:12everything but bindusar did not wanted
34:15Ashoka to become the
34:17ruler why because ashoka's mother
34:21shadangi she was a Brahmin lady and at
34:26that time it was believed that that
34:29chhatria are the ruler and brahmin's
34:31duty is majorly to preach or to guide
34:34the
34:35chrias so here Ashoka he cannot become
34:38the ruler although he has all the
34:41qualities he fulfills all the criteria
34:44to become the next emperor of what the
34:47modern
34:48Empire now start the game of
34:52throne and what's that now bindusar did
34:56not wanted Ashoka to become the ruler
34:59okay so what did bindusar do now let's
35:03listen to me
35:21carefully suppose this is the modern
35:24Empire okay in Center there is a ruler
35:29so the ruler was the basically bindusar
35:32and he had its capital at
35:34patliputra Northwest and the other
35:36regions Governors were
35:38appointed for the administration okay so
35:42Northwest was in
35:43takila Southwest was in swarnagiri West
35:47was in
35:48uden and East with its capital at Tosi
35:51around
35:52orisha so what did bindusar do as I've
35:55told you bindusar did not want Ashoka to
35:58become the ruler in fact bindusar wanted
36:01his son sushim to become the
36:05ruler
36:07sushim to become the
36:10ruler now what did sushim plan sushim
36:14convinced his father bindusar to make
36:17Ashoka the governor of aanti that is
36:20governor of uden in that case what will
36:23happen although ashuka has the qualities
36:26of becoming a ruler but if he's given
36:28the position of Governor he won't
36:31Revolt but Ashoka was not a fool he knew
36:34everything this is the entire plot
36:36created by his brother
36:38sushim but still Ashoka respected the
36:42decision of his father and he started
36:44moving towards
36:45uen because he was made as a governor of
36:48uen or aanti at that time now while
36:52moving towards uan there is a place in
36:54madhya Pradesh called as vidisha all
36:57also referred as bilsa or Bas nagar here
37:01he
37:02halted and here he met a local banker
37:05and his daughter whose name was
37:09Davi now Ashoka married Davi at a place
37:13called as
37:16vidisha listen to me carefully Ashoka
37:19was made as the governor of aanti now
37:22from patliputra to a patut to aanti Oren
37:27Ashoka started moving he halted at a
37:30place called as vidisha or Bas nagar
37:32located in mp madha
37:35Pradesh year he met a local banker and
37:38his daughter Davi Ashoka married Davi
37:42from Davi he had two sons okay that is
37:45Jenia and Mahindra and he has a daughter
37:49named as sangamitra and now he moved
37:52towards the region of
37:55uden he became the governor of
37:58J okay
38:01now he became so prosperous and popular
38:05in the region of uden that bindus sar's
38:08popularity it started basically bindusar
38:11popularity started getting numb in the
38:13PO started getting numb in front of the
38:15popularity of his son
38:17Ashoka and this was not digested by
38:21sushim at this point of time there was
38:24outbreak of civil Revolt in the region
38:26of Takashi
38:29correct so now taking this as an
38:32opportunity what did sushim suggest his
38:35father
38:35bindusar send Ashoka to takshashila to
38:38suppress the Revolt you are also the
38:41ruler you are also the son of bindusar
38:44you are aspiring the Throne of the mod
38:46Empire in fact you can go to Northwest
38:50and suppress a civil Revolt in that
38:52region but sushim what did he thought
38:55there is an extreme civil Revolt in the
38:57region of
38:58tasila and when Ashoka goes to the
39:01region of takshashila he won't come back
39:03he will die and that was a plot of
39:07sushim as I've told you previously
39:09Ashoka was not a fool he was a very
39:12skilled ruler he knew this plot again
39:15and how did ashuka knew this in the
39:18court of bindusar there was a minister
39:22named as Radha
39:24gupt I repeat there was a minister named
39:27as r gupt who used to provide all the
39:30information to
39:32Ashok Ashoka he had such a dangerous
39:36personality he is also referred as Chand
39:38asok Ashoka the
39:40fiercest that he moved to
39:43takshashila and as soon as he moved to
39:45takila the Civil outbreak or the Civil
39:49Revolt it got vanished in fact the
39:53people and the governor of takshashila
39:54welcomed ashoke again this was not
39:57digested by his brother sushim and by
40:00now bindusar he accepted ajivika sect
40:03and he died now come the role of Ashok
40:08It is believed as per various historical
40:10text Ashoka killed his 99 Brothers to
40:14acquire the Throne of modin
40:16Empire can you imagine he killed his 99
40:19brothers and he basically he pardoned
40:22one of his brothers whose name was
40:25pissa and apart from that he he killed
40:28everyone and became the ruler of modern
40:32Empire It is believed that Ashoka is
40:35called by different names like basically
40:38he's called as priad darani the most
40:40beautiful one he's called as daa PR or
40:44deasi beloved of all
40:47gods in various historical text he's
40:49also referred as Chand asok because he
40:51was a very short-tempered person he used
40:54to get angry quite easily
40:57hence he's also referred as Chand Ashok
40:59Chand Ashok basically means Ashoka the
41:03fiercest It is believed that Ashoka used
41:06like for example if a person has done
41:08any crime against the administration or
41:11if a person has done any crime against
41:14the
41:15women okay that person was given death
41:18penalty and
41:20how there's a place in mp where Ashoka
41:23had created his own well and that is
41:26called as Ashok
41:28hell like it was the what we say he had
41:31created his own well that was referred
41:32as ashoka's hell that well was
41:34approximately 40 to 50 ft deep and at
41:38the bottom of the well there were
41:40pointed spikes of 1 to 2 feets and if a
41:45person has committed any crime against
41:47the
41:49administration particularly a crime of
41:52De through what we call it as or if he
41:54had if he has committed any crime
41:55against the women he he was thrown into
41:59that well and Ashoka used to enjoy these
42:01sorts of
42:03punishment one
42:05battle drastically changed ashoka's life
42:09and that battle is Battle of culling
42:12which occurred around 261
42:15BC It is believed that more than one
42:18lakh person were killed in the
42:21battle more than 150,000 were made as
42:24prisoners of
42:26War when Ashoka saw himself he was
42:29completely anointed from head to toe in
42:33blood anointed basically means it feels
42:35like somebody has done his abishekam
42:38with the
42:40blood Ashoka saw the
42:42battlefield till where his eyesight used
42:45to go the entire Battlefield was full of
42:48Bloodshed he came on the battlefield he
42:51saw the corpses and small children
42:54crying crying beside the Corpses
42:58immediately he laid down his
43:01weapons and he said that if this is the
43:04way to win over the people I don't want
43:06to be a chakra
43:08Artin chakra Artin basically means the
43:11ruler of four
43:13directions it is not necessary to win
43:16over the People by War B Goos you can
43:20also win over the People by love and
43:23peace dham and Ashoka It is believed
43:28that now became the follower of
43:32Buddhism it is also believed that the
43:34third Buddhist Council which was held at
43:36patliputra was patronized by Ashok and
43:40he completely abandoned the policy of
43:43conquest by War he adopted the policy of
43:46love and
43:48peace this was one of the most important
43:50contributions of Ashoka in the modern
43:54Empire wasn't this an interesting story
43:56again
43:57again okay guys let's without wasting
44:01any more time let's move further with
44:03the basic administration of the moras
44:06let's understand within next 10 to 15
44:08minutes about the major administration
44:10of the moras hope so the points are
44:12clear
44:15guys just have a look at this chart
44:27modern Administration now let's go
44:35ahead as a part of modern
44:38Administration King was at the apex of
44:40the
44:41administration okay and King basically
44:46he was supported in simple words King
44:49worked on the advice of Council of
44:51ministers and these Council of ministers
44:54are referred as montri parishad
44:57King was at the apex of the
44:59administration he was assisted in
45:01performance of his duties by Council of
45:03ministers referred as mantri parishad
45:06and montry parishad was headed by a
45:08minister referred as pradan monry or
45:12montri parishad
45:15adhu clear I will repeat the point King
45:19was at the apex of the administration
45:22and to assist the king in performance of
45:24his duties there were Council of
45:26minister is referred as montri
45:29parishad and montri parishad was headed
45:32by montri parishad adhu so here you have
45:39Rajan then you have montri parishad and
45:43montri parishad is headed by montri
45:45parishad adhu in simple words montri
45:49parishad adhu is acting as a Channel of
45:53communication between the king and
45:55Council of ministers or Mont
45:58parishad got it now this montri parishad
46:02will consist of important ministers and
46:05these ministers are referred as Amat I
46:09repeat these ministers are referred as
46:10amatya who will appoint these ministers
46:14King will appoint these ministers King
46:16will take the advice of whom the prime
46:19minister or Mont parishad
46:22adak got it now there were various
46:25department now as per for cilla's
46:27arastra there were 26 to 27 departments
46:31here I have mentioned the few of them
46:34majority like four to five departments
46:36have been asked by upsc prelims
46:38examination in the form of terminology
46:41so some important departments are sanid
46:44he was head of Royal treasury Kia adhu
46:47head of forest Department laan Adu laan
46:50it's a Sanskrit word for salt so he was
46:53the head of salt Department then Sur
46:57adhu he was a person responsible for
46:59excise duty powa adhu he was responsible
47:02for weights and measure one more
47:05important patan adak patan adhu was
47:08basically for this is not Parts this is
47:11ports he was responsible for ports which
47:13in Hindi is referred as BGA SW adhu head
47:17of gold department so these are the
47:20important Ministries land during the
47:22modern period was referred as Sia and
47:25the person who was respons ible for
47:27agriculture Department was referred as
47:29SAA adak I repeat SAA
47:33adak so I repeat the points again in
47:35short pay attention
47:37carefully King was at the Epic of the
47:40administration to assist the king in
47:42performance of his duties there were
47:44Council of ministers these Council of
47:47ministers were referred as montri
47:49parishad okay and Mont parishad was
47:51headed by Mont parishad adhu or prime
47:54minister simple words he acted as a the
47:56channel of communication between the
47:58Rajan and the montri parishad these are
48:01the important departments now as I have
48:04told you previously that Moran empire
48:07was divided into five
48:09provinces Central northern southern
48:13eastern and western the capital of
48:16central Province was partly Putra the
48:19capital of Northern Province was takila
48:21Southern Province was swarnagiri
48:23swarnagiri not swabi swom is Thailand
48:27swarnagiri Eastern Province Tosi and the
48:31Western Province uden now in the central
48:35Province who was responsible for the
48:37administration King and his Council of
48:39ministers and what about these places
48:42year the king appointed
48:47Governors and governors usually belong
48:50to the royal
48:51family correct as I've given you example
48:54previously bindusar appointed his son
48:57Ashok as the governor of ujen or
48:59aanti correct so these Governors are
49:03referred as Kumar Amat I repeat these
49:07Governors are referred as Kumar
49:12Amat got
49:14it now as I've told you King is at the
49:18center and King is assisted by Council
49:22of ministers or Mont parishad in
49:24performance of his duties similar ly
49:28these Governors or Kumar amatya are
49:30assisted by few people like rajut Yuka
49:34and pradesa I repeat Raja Yuka and
49:38pradesa and what was their role pradesa
49:41he was responsible for collecting the
49:44taxes Raja he was a revenue officer and
49:48Yuka was a
49:50Treasurer I repeat pay attention Center
49:55King administr by Council of ministers
49:58other provinces Governors Governors
50:01usually belong to the royal family and
50:03were referred as Kumar amatya Kumar
50:06amatya was assisted in performance of
50:09his duties by whom assisted in
50:11performance of his duties by Raja Yuka
50:14and
50:15pradesa Raja was Revenue officer Yuka
50:19was Treasurer and pradesa was
50:21responsible for collection of taxes got
50:25it
50:27moving ahead now listen to me carefully
50:31District administration District
50:33administration was being looked by rajuk
50:35Yuka and pradesa again and the city was
50:37called as nagar and the administration
50:40of nagar was looked after by nagarika I
50:44repeat the administration of nagar or
50:46city was looked after by nagar adhu or
50:48nagarika now pay attention carefully
51:13the basic unit of administration was
51:17Village and Village was referred as
51:20gramar and grah was headed by gramika
51:25I repeat the basic unit of
51:28administration was village Village was
51:30referred as grah Graham was headed by
51:32gramika
51:34okay now Suppose there is one Village so
51:38in one Village how many gramika will be
51:40there one gramika
51:42Suppose there are 10 Villages means 10
51:45gr so how many gramas would be there 10
51:49gramas okay this is for one gramika for
51:53one Village 10 villages will have 10 10
51:56gramika so what will happen these 10
52:00gramas that is head of 10 villages will
52:03choose one person who will head all the
52:0610 Villages and that person is called as
52:09GOP in simple language in simple words
52:13gramika is the head of one Village and
52:16GOP is the head of 10
52:20Villages clear moving ahead one G one
52:25Village 1 G
52:2710 G 10 gramika and one GOP that is 10
52:33Villages
52:34now 100 g means 100
52:38villages 100 gramika
52:41correct now 100 gramika means 10 GOP now
52:45these 10 GOP will choose among them
52:48themselves as a person who will head 100
52:52villages and that person is referred as
52:55tanak he is the head of 100
52:58villages in a very simple language guys
53:01please do not get confused gramika was
53:04the head of one Village GOP was the head
53:08of 10 Villages and sanak was the head of
53:12100
53:13villages clear till here now so please
53:16remember this gramika was the head of
53:19one Village 10 Villages was headed by
53:22GOP and 100 villages was headed by sanak
53:27clear this is the basic
53:30Administration the
53:34flowchart this is not gopu this is
53:38GOP okay guys now let's speak about the
53:41Spy
53:43system spies are referred as eyes and
53:47ears of the king correct now as I've
53:52told you when cicus nicator was planning
53:55to attack India
53:57he was just planning and the army of
54:00Chandra gupt MAA was at the doors of
54:02celus nikator can you imagine the vast
54:05spy network of whom the vast spy network
54:09of chundra gupt MAA similarly the same
54:12spy network was there in medal India of
54:15Allin kji chhatrapati shivaji Maharaj G
54:19correct so spies are eyes and ears of
54:22the
54:23ruler why because they keep the king
54:26updated about the happenings now at that
54:30time there were two kind of spies and
54:33these two spies are referred as San and
54:36sanari I repeat San and
54:40sanari now what is San I'll give you a
54:43small
54:44example suppose a ruler has implemented
54:47a policy within his kingdom is that
54:50policy implemented at the grassroot
54:52level or not are the ministers
54:55performing their Duty in a cordial and
54:57honest manner or
54:59not and basically who will take care of
55:02this San so San are the spies who will
55:05bring the information from within the
55:09kingdom and sanari sanari are wandering
55:14spies they will bring the information
55:16from the outside Kingdom which king is
55:19planning to attack the Moran
55:21Empire what is the Strategic location of
55:24the other rulers so that is sanari so
55:27two kind of spies San and
55:31sanari okay and San and sanari were
55:34headed by good purush so spy Department
55:38was headed by good
55:41purush and under them there were two
55:44spies San and
55:46sanari I repeat San and sanari San was
55:53stationary spies they brought the
55:54information from within the kingdom
55:57and sanari were wandering spice they
55:59brought the information from the outside
56:01Kingdom in fact women and children were
56:03appointed as spies why because it is
56:07like basically women and children are
56:08not doubted easily women were used as
56:11wish
56:12kanyas correct so basically the modern
56:15Empire had a vast spy
56:18Network crime Injustice system as I've
56:21have talked about whom Ashoka Ashoka had
56:25created his own well called as ashoka's
56:28heal so you can imagine the crime and
56:30justice system at this time there was a
56:32sever punishment now there were two
56:34types of Court civil court and Criminal
56:37Court civil court was called as dhasa
56:40and Criminal Court was called as kodan
56:42pay
56:44attention what was the responsibility of
56:46civil
56:48court why it was called as dhas DH
56:51basically means Law and Order and the
56:54responsibility of civil court was to
56:56maintain the Law and
56:58Order and Criminal Court it was called
57:01as K Shodan K basically means
57:05Thorn Kata it is the responsibility of
57:09kak Shodan Criminal Court to find out
57:13the antisocial elements from the society
57:16and wipe them
57:17out so there were two kind of qutes
57:19civil court referred as dhasa and
57:22Criminal Court referred as K Shodan okay
57:26okay as I've talked about Ashoka he had
57:29like criminal law was quite sever during
57:32the tenure of Ashok
57:35okay defense system important
57:39one
57:41C modern Empire had a war
57:47council and this war council consisted
57:50of six
57:52committee okay this committee included
57:55infant
57:56foot soldiers Cavalry Horsemen chariots
58:00elephant Navy and transport okay and in
58:04every committee there were five members
58:08so totally in the war council there were
58:1030
58:12members in case of an unforeseen
58:15situations like War what will happen
58:18these 30 members will take the decision
58:21immediately okay they'll become active
58:23rather than saying active the this is a
58:25proactive Department war council now
58:28modern Army averagely consisted of 6
58:32lakh infantry foot soldiers 30,000
58:36Cavalry 1,000 chariots and 9,000 war
58:40elephants people or soldiers were not
58:42directly recruited into the army there
58:45was a proper examination there was a
58:47test physical test conducted for
58:50recruitment into the modern Army and
58:53everyone was paid salary in cash okay
58:57infantry Department basically was headed
58:59by
59:00padhu Cavalry Department was headed by
59:03Ash adak ashwa basically means horse now
59:08this has been asked in the examination
59:10this is
59:12mercenary what are bhas bhas were
59:15mercenary soldiers and what are who are
59:17they for example if a ruler has attacked
59:20another ruler now he has he has win over
59:23the region of that ruler and the
59:24soldiers of the opponents they are taken
59:27as prisoners of War later on these
59:29soldiers would be added into the army of
59:32the Victorious ruler such are called as
59:34mercenary soldiers and Mala are
59:37hereditary Warriors I repeat MAA are
59:40hereditary Warriors for example if my
59:43father is a commander-in-chief of the
59:45army of Ashoka the next
59:47commander-in-chief would be me so these
59:50are hereditary Warriors so Mala our
59:53hereditary Warrior remember this
59:55terminology bhas are mercenary
59:58soldiers okay elephant section was
1:00:01headed by hust adak it is hastad or gaj
1:00:05adhu so this is majorly about the
1:00:08defense system of moras another
1:00:11important fact that I'll tell you about
1:00:12the moras the concept of Stree Dan if I
1:00:15speak in the concept of
1:00:17society this question has been asked in
1:00:20upsc prelims examination what is three
1:00:24now I'll give you a small example
1:00:27when a girl child is born okay so she
1:00:31receives some gift in the form of money
1:00:34in the form of gold when she is married
1:00:37again she receives some gifts in the
1:00:39form of money gold landed property now
1:00:42all these gifts belong to that girl why
1:00:46because this will act as a social rather
1:00:49than saying Social Security Economic
1:00:51Security for that girl in case of adward
1:00:54situations like widowhood divorce and so
1:00:57on so the concept of stran although it
1:01:01was prevalent from the time of WC ages
1:01:04it got importance and prominence During
1:01:06the modin period this shows the dignity
1:01:10towards the women that was being adopted
1:01:12by the modern
1:01:13rulers correct so basically it is said
1:01:17that uh there were like rulers like
1:01:19Ashoka who respected and rever women a
1:01:23lot correct there shouldn't be any kind
1:01:26of crime against the women getting the
1:01:28points clear there shouldn't be any
1:01:30crime of against the women so to check
1:01:32the crime against the women a special
1:01:35officer was appointed by the modern
1:01:38rulers correct so and women they were
1:01:42also the part as I've told you wish
1:01:43kanyas they were part of the Spy system
1:01:46women were appointed as bodyguards or
1:01:48Palace
1:01:49guards so Society particularly the
1:01:53towards the women they had a huge
1:01:55reverence and respect ECT so guys this
1:01:58was majorly about the important modern
1:02:00rulers and some aspects of the
1:02:04administration okay within coming
1:02:06session I'll be speaking on cilla's some
1:02:09aspects of cilla's arastra ashoka's rock
1:02:12addict and mega Anda for the next half
1:02:14an hour in the coming session hope so
1:02:17guys you learned a lot hope so you
1:02:20enjoyed these beautiful
1:02:22stories okay I have also started history
1:02:25through stories there's a playlist on
1:02:27study IQ wherein you will come across
1:02:29history through stories and here we have
1:02:32I have discussed two stories still now
1:02:34ganimikawa technique you or gorilla
1:02:36Warfare technique used by chhatrapati
1:02:38shivaji Maharaj g a journey of
1:02:41Enlightenment where I have narrated a
1:02:43small story of 8 to 9 Minutes on Lord
1:02:46Buddha how he attained nirvan or
1:02:49Enlightenment I'll be coming up with
1:02:51more interesting stories on the playlist
1:02:54history through stories so please do
1:02:55follow follow that for interesting
1:02:57stories so next session as I've told you
1:03:00I would be covering CA arastra certain
1:03:02aspects of ashoka's rock edicts and meas
1:03:04andica hope the session was wonderful
1:03:07thank you guys have a wonderful day

About this transcript

This page contains the full transcript of Complete Ancient History | The Mauryan Empire | Lec-6 | UPSC CSE 2025 | Indian History | Alok Ojha by StudyIQ IAS: English, generated from the public captions YouTube serves with the video. The transcript has 8,454 words across 1,334 segments, with the original timestamps preserved so you can click any line to jump to that moment in the embedded player.

What you can do with it

Use the transcript to take notes, quote the speaker, build a study guide, generate a summary with ChatGPT or Claude via the YouTube Summary tool, or export it as a timed subtitle file with YouTube to SRT. You can also re-open it in the transcriber to choose a caption track available on the video.

Free YouTube transcript tool

YouTube2Text is a free YouTube transcript generator — no signup, no daily limit. Paste any YouTube link and get the full transcript instantly, with timestamps, click-to-jump, caption language selection, AI prompts for ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, and exports to TXT, SRT, VTT, or Markdown.