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Complete Ancient History | Rise of Gupta Empire | Lec-15 | UPSC CSE 2025 | Indian History — Transcript

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0:00Hello friends hi this is aloja welcome
0:02to study iqis English today we are going
0:05to discuss one of the most important
0:07topics of ancient India that is the
0:08Gupta Empire here we will cover
0:11different Gupta rulers particularly
0:13Maharaj Shri gupt Chandra guptan the
0:16founder of guptaa samudra gupt also
0:18referred as Napoleon of India Chandra
0:21gupt 2 also referred as
0:23vikramaditya apart from this we are also
0:26going to throw light on Vivid
0:28administration of the guptas
0:30like how the guptas administration was
0:32quite Dynamic and in the end I would be
0:35telling you important literature
0:37particularly about the literature of
0:40kalidas kalidas G he was a court
0:42historian in the court of Chandra Gupta
0:442 also referred as vikramaditya so we
0:47are going to throw light on what is
0:50Vikram the literature of the most famous
0:53literature of ancient India that is
0:55abigan shakuntalam written by kalidas
1:00okay guys now prior to this we have
1:03covered a lot many aspects in complete
1:06ancient Indian history series that is
1:08prehistoric culture indis Valley
1:11Civilization WC civilization Maha Jan
1:14padas the moras suum age Buddhism and
1:18jism and apart from this we have also
1:21tried to cover different aspects of
1:23literature of certain part in today's
1:26session we are going to cover the
1:28different aspects of the rise of of
1:30Gupta
1:31Empire okay guys so let's begin with the
1:35Gupta
1:36Empire now my first question to you guys
1:39is who was the founder of Gupta Empire
1:43like different historical text reveal a
1:45different truth about it like some
1:47believe that Chandra guptaan who is the
1:50founder of guptaa which began around 319
1:54to 320 ad was the founder of Gupta
1:57Empire is it the actual truth
2:00now let's explore about this now let's
2:03speak about who was the actual founder
2:05of Gupta
2:07Empire Maharaj Shri
2:10gupt like it is believed that Maharaj
2:13Shri gupt he was succeeded by Chandra
2:16gupt one he was succeeded by samudra
2:20gupt samudra gupt who is also referred
2:24as Napoleon of India or Indian Napoleon
2:27by different European scholars
2:28particularly when
2:30Smith and samudra gupt was succeeded by
2:34Chandra gupt
2:352 pay attention Chandra Gupta 2 had a
2:40daughter named as prabhati Gupta I
2:44repeat Chandra Gupta 2 had a daughter
2:47named as pravati Gupta and there is an
2:50inscription associated with pravati
2:52Gupta and that inscription is referred
2:54as Puna copper plate
2:56inscription and from Puna copper plate
2:59inscription we come to know that Maharaj
3:02SRI Gupta was the founder of Gupta
3:06Empire okay so from Puna copper plate
3:09inscription we have inferred that
3:11Maharaj Shri gupt was a founder of Gupta
3:14Empire okay now with the arrival of
3:18guptas there was Revival of ancient
3:29worshippers of Lord Vishnu they majorly
3:32followed
3:33vaishnavism particularly they worship
3:36Lord Vishnu Krishna or Lord Ram It is
3:40believed that majorly they worship Lord
3:42Vishnu and how do we come to know that
3:44from the coins of Gupta we infer this
3:47like on Gupta coins it is depicted that
3:49there is an eagle and the eagle is
3:52praying a snake simple words the eagle
3:55has a snake in its beak an eagle it's a
3:58wahan of Lord Vishnu so from here we can
4:02infer that they were worshippers of Lord
4:05Vishnu apart from this on many Gupta
4:08coins we can find the what we say motive
4:11of goddess Lakshmi so we can infer that
4:14they were followers of vaishnavism how
4:17because Lakshmi was a concert of Lord
4:20Vishnu got the points now although the
4:24Gupta rulers were worshippers of Lord
4:27Vishnu but they still revered and
4:29respected various other religions and
4:32how do we come to know this it is
4:34believed that Maharaj Shri gupt he also
4:37finds mention in the writings of
4:39different Chinese Travelers and one
4:41among them was
4:44yijing correct in the coming years I'll
4:47give you a small example samudra gupt
4:49who is referred as Napoleon of India he
4:51had performed a lot many Ash yagnas he
4:55was worshipper of Lord Vishnu but once
4:57upon a time the ruler of Sri Lanka who
4:59whose name was megaan he want he took a
5:02permission from this person whose name
5:06was samudra gupt he took a permission
5:07from him that he wanted to construct a
5:09monastery at bodgaya and he was given
5:11the permission to construct a monastery
5:13at bodgaya
5:14this signifies one thing although the
5:17Gupta rulers were
5:19worshippers of Lord Vishnu or followers
5:22of vaishnavism but they still Reed and
5:25respected various other religions
5:27another fine example I'll give you this
5:30was of Shri gupt and samudra gupt
5:32another important example apart from
5:34this is Kumar gupt Kumar gupt he laid
5:37the foundation of nalanda University and
5:39he were he was worshipper of Lord kartia
5:43correct this simply means that there a
5:45word and respected various other
5:46religions so Maharaj Shri gupt was the
5:49founder of Gupta Empire now he was being
5:53succeeded by Chandra gupt
5:56one Chandra gupt one he found followed
6:00the policy of
6:02imperialism now what is the meaning of
6:04the word imperialism imperialism simply
6:08means he followed the policy of
6:10continuous
6:12expansion correct he continuously
6:15expanded his territories It is believed
6:18that he married leavi Princess Kumar Dei
6:21and he got patliputra in
6:24Dar correct so matrimonial alliances is
6:27also one of the way to expand one's
6:30Kingdom like we had seen in the Mahajan
6:32pads if you remember I'll give you a
6:34small
6:34example matrimonial Alliance is also
6:37policy where you can strengthen your
6:39position isn't that so I'll give you one
6:41of the finest example of one of the
6:43mahaj janpad that we had studied earlier
6:45if you remember kosla mahaj janad
6:47correct guys in that we had seen Maha
6:51kosla was the founder of kosla mahaj
6:53janad he had a son named as prasanjit
6:56and a daughter named as kosla Devi and
6:59at that time the most powerful mahaj
7:01janad was magad and magad was following
7:04the policy of expansionism the policy of
7:07imperialism magad had an eye on
7:10kosla diplomatically what did prasanjit
7:13do prasanjit married his sister kosla
7:17Devi to the harena dynasty ruler of
7:19magad
7:21bimbisar by this he saved his kingdom
7:24from the wroth of
7:26magath true so similarly matrimonial
7:29answers is a policy through which one
7:31can strengthen his
7:32position he can create new allies so
7:36here Chandra gupan strengthened his
7:38position by entering into the policy of
7:40matrimonial alliances and he married a
7:43lvi princess whose name was Kumar DVI I
7:47repeat he married a lvi princess
7:49referred as Kumar DVI and got partly
7:53Putra in
7:54Dari he extended his kingdom till
7:57alahabad present day prayag Raj at that
8:00time prayag so his kingdom extended from
8:04patliputra to the region of
8:06prayag he initiated Gupta era
8:09particularly from 319 or 320
8:14ad and from now onwards the Gupta rulers
8:19followed a policy of imperialism and
8:22continuously expanded their
8:24Kingdom how do we come to know about
8:26Chandra guptan how do we come to know
8:29that he got partr Dai how do we come to
8:32know that he extended his kingdom as far
8:35as prayag we come to know through maholi
8:38iron pillar inscription which is located
8:40near
8:42Delhi
8:44now Chandra guptaan was succeeded by one
8:48of the most competent rulers of the
8:51Gupta Empire one of the most powerful
8:54rulers of Gupta Empire and his name was
8:58samudra gupt
9:00samudra gupt is also referred as
9:02Napoleon of India or Indian Napoleon by
9:05various European scholars particularly
9:08wincent Smith has called him the
9:10Napoleon of
9:11India where do we come to know about
9:14samudra gupt like there are different
9:16military conquest that was being
9:18undertaken by samudra gupt his military
9:21conquest were divided into five major
9:23parts North India South India Frontier
9:26states border states tribal Republic and
9:29so on where do we come to know about
9:31these things from we come to know about
9:35these things from alahabad pillar
9:37inscription of
9:39ashoke the alahabad pillar inscription
9:42of ashoke on the upper side we find the
9:44mention about ashoke and on the lower
9:47side of the pillar we find the mention
9:50of the military conquest that was being
9:52done by samudra
9:54gupt who was the author of alahabad
9:57pillar inscription of samudra gupt it
9:59was was har s har sen was a court poet
10:03or a court historian in the court of
10:05samudra
10:06gupt and he has mentioned about the
10:09military conquest of his master in
10:12prayag prashasti or alahabad prasti or
10:16alahabad pillar inscription of
10:19Ashok true as I have told you that
10:24excuse me this person samudra gupt he
10:27was referred as Napoleon of India now
10:30samudra gupt he followed the policy of
10:33imperialism and now initially as as we
10:35have talked about this the kingdom
10:38extended from patliputra to alahabad and
10:41now he followed the policy of
10:43imperialism as per Harin his military
10:46conquest were majorly divided into five
10:49parts let's have a look at
10:53them the first part here the princes of
10:57Ganga yamuna DW were defeated and it is
11:01believed that there were nine major
11:08princes there were nine major princes
11:11who were being defeated some of them
11:14were aut which ruled over the region of
11:16aich chatra I'll give you a small
11:19example there is a mahaj janad in the
11:22western part of up there are majorly two
11:24mahaj Jan pads in the western part of up
11:27Surin with its capital at matura and the
11:30second one panchal the panchal it is
11:34also located in Western up and was
11:35divided into two parts utar panchal and
11:38Dakin panchal utar panchal had its
11:41capital at aich chatra and Dakin panchal
11:45had its capital at cila in the region of
11:48aich chhatra there was a ruler whose
11:50name was aut and he was being defeated
11:53by samudra gupt another important ruler
11:57was ganapati nag who ruled over the
12:00region of matura matura at that time
12:03during the time of mahaj janpad it was a
12:05capital of Sur mahaj janad the ruler of
12:09kotas kotas specifically mean this is
12:12kotas they ruled over particularly the
12:15region of bullan Sher particularly the
12:17bullan shaher presently that is in up so
12:21nine major princes or rulers of North
12:24India were being
12:26defeated then comes the border states or
12:29the prant now which border states were
12:31defeated Dak in Assam karup in Assam
12:37kyura in Kashmir certain regions of
12:41Nepal they were also being
12:43defeated apart from this comes atava
12:47rajas now what are atava rajas atava
12:50rajas are the forest
12:53republics correct in the windan in the
12:56windan forest or in the windan regions
12:58they were also being
13:00defeated dapat 12 rulers of
13:04dapat they became the tributary States
13:07now what does the tributary States mean
13:09tributary States basically means these
13:1212 kingdoms were being defeated by
13:14samudra gupt and samudra gupt returned
13:17them back their Kingdom on what pretext
13:21on the pretext that you are going to pay
13:23me tribute in the fourth coming
13:26years so they became the tributaries of
13:29of the guptas I'll give you one of the
13:31finest example one among the 12 states
13:33were the palas who ruled in the region
13:35of Ki they were also being defeated by
13:38the Gupta ruler samudra
13:40gupt sakas and kushans like already
13:44sakas and kushans had been declined
13:46majorly but still they were ruling in a
13:49splintered format in certain parts of
13:51India particularly the sakas were ruling
13:54in the region of Gujarat and malwa now
13:56they were
13:57contained okay
13:59kushans kushans who called themselves as
14:03dutas correct like the sons of gods they
14:06were also being defeated so the military
14:10conquest of samudra gupt can be
14:12categorized or classified into five
14:15major categories the first one the
14:18princes of Ganga yamuna dwab correct
14:21then comes prant or the border states
14:24example karpura in Kashmir Dak in Assam
14:27kamrup in Assam certain parts of Nepal
14:30and so on then comes atava rajas what
14:34are atava rajas the forest States okay
14:38and this include the forest the kingdoms
14:40in the forest of Winden
14:42mountains then comes dapat 12 major
14:46rulers were defeated like the rulers of
14:48dust talpur apart from this the rulers
14:51of irand the Pali apart from this
14:54palavas of Ki they became tributary
14:57States and we have had discussed
14:59previously what is the meaning of the
15:01word tributary States okay and finally
15:04comes the sakas and the kushans kushan
15:07who called themselves as dutas that is
15:10the sons of the gods they were also
15:12being defeated by samudra
15:15gupt where do we come to know about this
15:19alahabad pillar inscription who was the
15:22author of alahabad Piller inscription
15:24har s who was har s the code poet or
15:28code historian in the court of samudra
15:31gupt clear till here let's move
15:35ahead after this samudra gupt also
15:38assumed different titles like he assumed
15:41the titles like
15:44parakan like after it is believed that
15:47after controlling the states he assumed
15:50the title parakan he assumed the title
15:53Maharaj adhiraj in various coins It is
15:55believed that he's compared to various
15:57WC gods
15:59like he's compared to yam god of death
16:03he's compared to kuir God of wealth his
16:07compared to Indra that is the rain God
16:09or the war
16:11Lord correct and after defeating these
16:15Kingdom he assumed the title maharajah
16:17dhiraj or parakan and after this he
16:21performed a yag which is referred as Ash
16:24yagna and the horse or the horse motive
16:28of the the ashw yagna is also depicted
16:31in one of the coins of samudra
16:33gupt samudra gupt he was also fond of
16:36playing Vina he was also fond of Music
16:39how do we come to know same thing coins
16:43in one of his coins samudra gupt is
16:45depicted as playing Vina hence samudra
16:49gupt hence samudra gupt is also referred
16:52as
16:53kaviraj since he was fond of
16:57music as I had given you example
16:59previously that although Gupta rulers
17:02were followers of
17:05whism but they still Reed and respected
17:08various other religions how do we come
17:10to know the king of Sri Lanka megaan he
17:15had to construct a monastery at bodgaya
17:17and the permission to construct the
17:20monastery at bodgaya was granted to
17:22mearman by samudra gupt this exemplifies
17:26that the ruler samudra gupt he was a
17:29liberal
17:30ruler he had performed lot many ashed
17:34yagna and he patronized a Buddhist
17:36caller whose name was wub
17:40bandhu clear
17:42tiller correct now let's move ahead with
17:46another important ruler of the Gupta
17:49dynasty whose name was Chandra Gupta 2
17:53Chandra Gupta 2 is also referred as
17:56Wickam adity
18:00he is also referred as sakar sakar
18:04basically means destroyer of
18:07sakas okay now why he's called US
18:10Destroyer of sakas let's explore
18:14now different text reveal a different
18:17story now there is one text whose name
18:20is Davi Chandra
18:22gupt and as per Davi Chandra gupt
18:24written by vishaka it's believed that
18:27samudra gupt was not directly succeeded
18:30by his son Chandra gupt to or
18:32vikramaditya he was succeeded by his
18:35Elder son whose name was
18:37rupt this is a story mentioned in Davi
18:40Chandra gupt okay he was succeeded by
18:43Ram gupt but it is believed that Ram
18:46gupt was defeated by the sakas and sakas
18:50had put one condition in front of ram
18:52gupt that you have to surrender your
18:54wife drua DVI to
18:56us so at this point of time Chandra gupt
19:00to the younger brother of ram gupt he
19:04believed that a king who cannot protect
19:06his wife how can he protect his kingdom
19:09so it is believed that Chandra gupt to
19:13dethroned his brother rup and he became
19:16the new king and apart from this he also
19:18defeated the sakas and what does the
19:21other story says let's
19:26understand during the reign of samudra
19:28gupt
19:29majorly entire northern part of India
19:32came under his Reign except few parts of
19:35Western
19:36India particularly the region of Gujarat
19:40and malwa malwa it is located in western
19:43part of MP western part of madhya
19:45Pradesh and it majorly covers the
19:48districts like dhar mandu uden dasas
19:53indor and so on and it is believed that
19:57for centuries for proximately around 2
19:59to 2 and a half centuries the region of
20:02malva and Gujarat was being ruled by
20:05sakas although samudra gupt was quite
20:08successful in uprooting the sakas from
20:11major parts of India but he has not
20:13uprooted the sakas completely out of
20:16India okay there were still particularly
20:20they were ruling in certain parts of
20:22malva and Gujarat now what a diplomatic
20:25move by Chandra Gupta 2 now pay
20:29attention in certain parts of central
20:32India there was rule of
20:37nagas and now Chandra Gupta 2 who had
20:41its capital at patliputra married a Naga
20:45princess whose name was kuir
20:50nag okay Chandra Gupta 2 married central
20:55Indian princess whose name was kubad
20:58and from kuir nag he had a daughter
21:02named as pravati
21:05gupt please understand this concept it's
21:08a very important one I'll repeat
21:11it Chandra Gupta 2 also referred as
21:14vikramaditya he was ruling in the region
21:16of
21:18patliputra okay the eastern part of
21:21India the western part of India was
21:23still under the control of sakas
21:25particularly the malwa and
21:27Gujarat okay
21:29now diplomatically Chandra Gupta 2
21:32married central Indian princess KUB nag
21:37and from kuir nag he had a daughter
21:39named as prabhati gupt we had discussed
21:42in the start of the session Puna copper
21:44plate inscription if you remember okay
21:47pravati gupt now he married his daughter
21:51pravati gupt to the ruler of wakat takas
21:54or wakataka Prince whose name was rudra
21:58s
22:01to I repeat he married him to rudra 2
22:06now what happened in a very diplomatic
22:09manner he has encircled his enemy
22:13correct because he has developed
22:14matrimonial alliances in central India
22:17Southern India particularly the region
22:18of vakatakas he married his whom
22:21daughter to wakataka Prince rudran 2 so
22:24in that case he has encircled his enemy
22:29one fine day it's believed that rudra sa
22:332 passed away he died and now virtual
22:38ruler of this place was whom Chandra
22:40Gupta 2 virtual not the actual one okay
22:45One Fine Day finding an opportunity It
22:48is believed that Chandra Gupta 2
22:51attacked the region of malva and Gujarat
22:53and uprooted the last Saka ruler whose
22:57name was rud simha
23:023 and now he also acquired the region of
23:07malva and Gujarat particularly the
23:08western part of India and from now
23:11onwards uen became the alternate capital
23:14of guptas in the western
23:17part okay I'll repeat the points again I
23:21can understand to an extent this is a
23:23bit compli a bit complicated not a not
23:26much so pay attention carefully I'm
23:29repeating the points again for your
23:31easier understanding
23:35okay in the eastern part of India guptas
23:38had their Capital at
23:39patliputra now the Gupta ruler Chandra
23:42Gupta 2 he married the central Indian
23:44princess kuir nag from whom he had a
23:48daughter named as pravati
23:50Gupta he married pravati Gupta to the
23:54ruler of vakatakas whose name was rudra
23:56to particularly r ruling in the upper
23:59part of Dean in this strategic or
24:02diplomatic move he tried to encircle his
24:06enemy and finally the last Saka ruler
24:09who were ruling in the region of malva
24:11and Gujarat was being uprooted by
24:13chundra Gupta 2 and now uan became the
24:17alternate capital of guptas correct
24:20during the tenure of Chandra Gupta 2
24:23hence he is referred as sakar as I've
24:26told you previously that Chandra 2 is
24:28referred as vikramaditya he's also
24:31referred as sakar so sakar year
24:33basically means destroyer of
24:36sakas hope so the points are
24:39clear apart from this he's also called
24:42as vikramaditya he's called as sakar
24:44destroyer of
24:48sakas destroyer of sakas he shed a lot
24:51many gold coins a Chinese traveler whose
24:54name was fahin he visited the what we
24:58say India during the reign of Chandra
25:00Gupta 2 okay and there was a question in
25:03the upsc examination directly consider
25:06the following statement about fahin one
25:09of the statement was fahin came to India
25:11during the reign of Chandra gupt 2 so
25:14this statement is true okay uin as we
25:19have discussed earlier now became the
25:21alternate capital of guptas in the
25:23western part of
25:24India the court of Chandra gupt he it
25:28was being adored by various Scholars
25:30like kalidas one of the most important
25:32Scholars who is known for his poems and
25:34dramas poems like Ru samhar
25:38Mead apart from this Kumar
25:41sambhav then raguan and he's also known
25:44for his dramas like malvik animam vikam
25:48and the most renowned one Aban
25:51shakuntalam we'll discuss that story in
25:54the end of today's session a beautiful
25:56story points clear guys so this is
25:59majorly about Chandra gupt 2 now let's
26:02move to Kumar
26:07gupt Chandra gupt was succeeded by Kumar
26:10gupt and Kumar gupt he was worshipper of
26:13Lord kti also referred as mugan in
26:16southern part of India also referred as
26:19Lord of six abodes he performed lot many
26:23asham yagnas a lot many asham yagnas
26:26hence he is also referred as
26:28Mahendra adity or ashed Mahendra why
26:32ashed Mahendra since he performed a lot
26:35many Ash the
26:37sacrifices correct it is also believed
26:40that
26:42particularly that he laid the foundation
26:45of one of the most important
26:47universities of that time which became
26:49an epicenter of Buddhist learning
26:52particularly mahayan form of Buddhist
26:54learning and that University was nalanda
26:58University okay that University was
27:01nalanda University this statement is
27:04wrong please don't remember this
27:05statement that end of his Reign a
27:07powerful tribe called as pusham Mitra
27:08defeated Gupta Army this statement is
27:10wrong just remember the upper part of
27:12the statement okay that he laid the
27:15foundation of nalanda University and who
27:17destroyed nalanda
27:19University later on in the medal period
27:22nalanda University was destroyed by
27:25baktiar
27:26Ki I repeat nalanda University was
27:30destroyed by baktiar kji let we'll study
27:32this in quite depth and detail when I'll
27:34study when we'll discuss the medal India
27:38like the first Muslim Invader of India
27:40was Muhammad bin kasim he was being
27:42succeeded by Mahmud of gazni followed by
27:44Muhammad Gori Muhammad Gori majorly
27:46ruled in the region of Afghanistan and
27:49he had two slaves in India one was kudin
27:53abak who focused majorly on the northern
27:55part of India and the other was AR kji
27:59who focused majorly on the eastern part
28:01of India it is beli that baktiar kji had
28:05destroyed many universities of that time
28:08and one among them was the nalanda
28:10University other was vikramshila
28:12University so nalanda University its
28:15foundation was being laid down by Kumar
28:17gup again one thing is depicted although
28:20the Gupta rulers were followers of
28:22vaishnavism or for that sake Hinduism
28:25but they still rewarded and respected
28:27various other
28:29religions got it moving on to the next
28:32important ruler scand
28:35gupt
28:37now it is believed
28:39that ultimately in the final I'm saying
28:43ultimately the major reason for decline
28:46of the guptas was the
28:48hunas also referred as the Hun okay but
28:53initially and now the hunas attacked the
28:55Gupta Empire multiple time but initially
28:59the hunas were
29:01unsuccessful now where did these hunas
29:04come from okay these hunas majorly came
29:08from the central Asia and particularly
29:10they came from the region around
29:12turkistan
29:13Turkmenistan kazakistan kyrgistan which
29:18is also referred as the region of trans
29:20Oxana so these hunas majorly came from
29:23here it is also believed that hunas
29:25apart from attacking Gupta Empire they
29:27were also attacking the human they were
29:29also attacking the Roman territories in
29:31the Europe okay it is also believed that
29:35many historians do believe that the
29:37Romans after the attack of hunas were
29:39divided into two parts Western Roman
29:42Empire and Eastern Roman Empire the
29:45Western Roman Empire had its capital at
29:47Rome and the Eastern Roman Empire had
29:49its capital at
29:51Constantinople okay so coming back here
29:54these are the same hunas who attacked
29:56India or particularly guptas multiple
29:59times initially they were unsuccessful
30:02But ultimately in the end hunas became
30:05one of the major reasons for decline of
30:07Gupta empire in India okay it is
30:10believed that scand gupt the ruler of
30:13the Gupta Empire saved the Gupta Empire
30:16from the attack of hunas like his
30:18grandfather he also assumed the title
30:21wikr
30:23Adit okay and where do we come to know
30:26about scand gupt from we come to know
30:28about scand gupt from bitar pillar
30:31inscription at gazipur in uttar
30:35Pradesh got it one more additional
30:39information it is believed that there is
30:42a place called as
30:44kah which is located in gorakpur
30:46District of up here we can observe five
30:51Idols of tankar dated back to Gupta
30:54period and particularly the period of
30:57scand gupt
30:58again another example where the Gupta
31:00rulers although the followers of
31:03vaishnavism still red and respected
31:05various other
31:07religions correct like the last
31:10important rulers some of them included
31:12vishnugupt and Bal Aditya this is
31:15majorly about the important rulers of
31:17the Gupta Empire so Maharaj Shri gupt he
31:20was the founder of Gupta Empire he was
31:23being succeeded by his son whose name
31:25was Chandra gupan the founder of of
31:28Gupta era particularly around 319 or
31:31320th ad 320 ad then comes samudra gupt
31:36who is also referred as Napoleon of
31:38India or Indian Napoleon by wincon Smith
31:42then comes Chandra Gupta 2 also referred
31:44as vikramaditya or sakar destroyer of
31:47sakas and we have seen the entire story
31:50about this then comes Kumar gupt who
31:53laid the foundation of nalanda
31:56University and then comes scand gupt
31:59these are the important and the major
32:01rulers of Gupta Empire okay so hope so
32:05guys the points are
32:09clear I'll ask you a simple question
32:11please answer this in the comment box
32:14right now we have discussed the
32:16foundation of nalanda University was
32:18being laid down by Kumar gupt my first
32:22question please answer this in the
32:24comment box who destroyed the n
32:28University and named the two slaves of
32:31Muhammad Gori that were left in India
32:33one among the slave he laed the
32:35foundation of one of the most important
32:37dynasties of Delhi saltanat at that time
32:39slave Dynasty please answer in the
32:41comment section
32:43okay now let's speak about the guptas
32:47administration similar to the moras
32:49guptas had the similar administrative
32:52pattern
32:55okay at the apex of the administration
32:58was the king or the Swami same to the
33:01moras okay now King was assisted in
33:04performance of Duties in in performance
33:07of his duties by whom mantri
33:10parishad true same thing and now montri
33:13parishad was headed by a prime minister
33:15referred as pradan monry okay so king or
33:19Swami was at the apex of the
33:21administration and the Gupta rulers
33:23assumed exalted titles like the titles
33:27like Maharaj
33:28titles like param batak the titles like
33:33parakan Maharaja these were the titles
33:36that were being assumed the kings of the
33:38kings were the titles assumed by the
33:40Gupta rulers like there were many Gupta
33:43rulers who personally LED their armies
33:46one among them was the Napoleon of India
33:48samudra gupt Chandra gupt 2 also
33:50referred as wkr adya he personally LED
33:53his army scand gupt he personally LED
33:56his army so Gupta rulers were at the
34:00highest apex of the
34:02administration they were assisted in
34:04performance of Duties by whom Council of
34:07ministers and these Council of ministers
34:10are referred as montri
34:17parishad got it montri parishad was
34:21headed by one person and that person was
34:24referred as montri parishad adhu
34:28or pradan
34:30montry very simple words Mont parishad
34:34ADH or pradan monry he is acting as a
34:38Channel of communication between whom
34:41the Council of ministers that is mantri
34:44parishad on one side and the Swami King
34:48on the other
34:49side correct now these are the important
34:54departments sometimes there could be
34:56direct question in the prelims prelims
34:58examination like who was Dand pasika
35:02during the Gupta Empire so Dand pasika
35:05was a police officer so let's understand
35:07about the important Ministries or
35:10Department one more thing as we had
35:13discussed the Council of ministers was
35:15referred as montry parishad being headed
35:17by pradan mry or Mont parishad adhu who
35:20will decide that who is going to become
35:22the pradan monry it would be decided by
35:24the king or the Swami
35:27got it now different departments are
35:31mahab balikat he was commander-in-chief
35:33of the army then comes Maha narti Nar
35:37means men so it is the head of infantry
35:41Maha ashwati ashwa basically means what
35:44horses so Maha asati was the head of
35:48Cavalry department mahag gajpati or
35:51Maham mahipal Pati was the head of
35:53elephant section then comes Maha
35:57pratihar there is maintenance of Royal
36:00palaces apart from this Dand pasika
36:03means he was the head of the police
36:05department mahad Dand Nayak chief
36:08justice so these are the important
36:10officers and their functions who worked
36:13as a part of montri parishad or Council
36:15of
36:16ministers true who is going to appoint
36:19these officers these officers again
36:22would be appointed by the Rajan on the
36:24advice of pradan montry
36:28okay this is at the central level now
36:31what about the provincial
36:32level got it now Gupta Empires was
36:36divided into various
36:39provinces and these provinces are called
36:42as
36:43bukti I repeat the Gupta Empire is
36:46divided into different provinces and
36:48these provinces are called as bti who is
36:51going to head the bti bti would be
36:53headed by the person from the royal
36:56family probably the son of the ruler or
37:00the person whom the ruler chooses
37:02correct so bti would be headed by Kumar
37:06amata or it would be headed by aarias I
37:11repeat it would be headed by
37:13aaras Kumar the same terminology in the
37:16modern period okay so bti that is
37:19provinces would be headed by provincial
37:23Governors referred as aarias
37:28true further now these provinces these
37:33rajas are further divided into
37:37districts and the district is
37:39particularly referred as adisan patan or
37:45Pradesh I repeat the districts are
37:47referred as adisan patan or Pradesh and
37:51the Pradesh would be headed by auk
37:57got it further it is divided into town
38:02or tahil and these town or tahil are
38:06further headed by
38:09pural and further the basic unit of
38:12administration is Village and Village is
38:15referred as grah which is headed by
38:18gramika or grah adak and there are
38:22different group of villages which is
38:24headed by witti or the group of villages
38:27are sorry the group of villages are
38:29called as
38:31witti kumis and maharas were the small
38:35level Village officers I'll repeat the
38:38points again please listen to me
38:41carefully do not make it complex it's an
38:44easy one just listen to me
38:48carefully at the apex of the
38:51administration we have the king referred
38:53as Swami King is assisted in performance
38:57of his duties by montri parishad headed
39:01by pradan montry who is going to appoint
39:05pradan mantry the Swami or the king king
39:08assumes titles like Maharaja param Batar
39:12parakan true now there are different
39:16departments to Aid and advise the king
39:18in performance of his duties we have
39:19seen the officers like Mahan narpa Maha
39:23asati Maham mahipal or gajapati mahad
39:26Dand Nayak Dand pasika and so on now
39:29this was about the center now the entire
39:32Gupta Administration is divided into
39:34different provinces different
39:36rajas these provinces are referred as
39:39bti who is going to head the bti or the
39:41provinces the provincial Governor they
39:43are referred as upara got it now these
39:47are further divided into districts
39:50districts are called as adisan patan
39:53okay or Pradesh they are further headed
39:55by auk going ahead further divided into
39:59small towns or tahil who is going to
40:01head it it would be headed by yes pural
40:06further divided into Villages the basic
40:08unit of administration was Village
40:10referred as Graham headed by grah adhu
40:14the group of villages were referred as
40:16witti my friends it is witti not wiy
40:20witti is a group of villages and witi is
40:23a forced labor so please do not get
40:26confused wish is a forc labor vti is a
40:29group of
40:30villages got it now kumes and maharas
40:35were the small village level officer
40:39clear
40:40tiller got it one more thing I'll tell
40:44you there were certain big cities and
40:47these big cities were referred as
40:50nagar okay and nagar was being headed by
40:55nagar adhu
40:58apart from this there were different
41:00communities in the nuger or cities as
41:02well like there was artian
41:05Community okay so there were different
41:08communities like pram kast or pram
41:10kulika which were the part of nagar
41:13there was something called as
41:15saraha now what is saraha saraha is
41:19Convoy or group of merchants that lived
41:22in the
41:23city okay so there's a homework for you
41:26guys please in the comment box who was
41:29pram kast or what was pram kast what was
41:33pram kulika as a part of Gupta Empire
41:38okay hope you understood this part Rajan
41:41Central Administration divided into
41:43provinces referred ASA sorry provinces
41:46referred as bti headed by aaras Pradesh
41:49headed by auk Pura headed by pural grah
41:52headed by gramika or grah adak clear
41:56till here now so let's focus on the
41:58different taxation system of the
42:01guptas the first part
42:05Bali Bali was a voluntary offering we
42:08had studied previously in the WC
42:09civilization correct Bali bhaga and
42:11schul bhaga was what Spoils of the war
42:15Boga it was tax in kind of gifts then
42:18comes Hanan tax that is on gold let's
42:21come to another important tax clipped
42:23now what is clipped whenever I'm
42:26purchasing now these days we do registry
42:28you might have for example if you're
42:29purchasing a land or for that sake
42:32you're purchasing a flat you pay
42:34registry fee correct and both the
42:36parties have to pay certain amount of
42:38money so the party who is selling and
42:40the party who is purchasing both have to
42:42pay certain amount as a tax that at the
42:45Gupta time was referred as clipped
42:48clipped means if somebody's purchasing
42:50the land and somebody selling the land
42:52both had the both had to pay the tax to
42:55the government and that was clip
42:57then comes weag it is a social security
43:01kind of tax that needs to be paid Kur
43:04irregular kind of tax now what is social
43:06security kind of tax and irregularity uh
43:08irregular kind of
43:10tax for example if there are unforeseen
43:13situations like if there is a
43:15femine correct in that case The Peasants
43:18are unable to pay the taxes or the Cur
43:20to the administration so where will the
43:23money come for smooth functioning of the
43:25administration that comes from K or
43:27vinag Social Security kind of tax or
43:30it's an emergency kind of
43:32tax got it so these are the important
43:35taxes particularly during the Gupta
43:41period let's speak about the social life
43:43of the Gupta
43:45period Gupta age is also referred as
43:48golden age now let me tell you about the
43:52some Snippets of fahin what he observed
43:55in India
43:57as we had discussed previously fahin was
43:59a Chinese traveler who came to India in
44:02the court of Chandra Gupta 2 also
44:04referred as
44:05vikramaditya and in his travel lock the
44:07major purpose of fahin coming to India
44:10as per various historians was to acquire
44:13Buddhist manuscripts from India but he
44:15stayed in patliputra studied those
44:18manuscript and then went back to his
44:20country he traveled different places
44:22across the like when before coming to
44:24India he traveled different places like
44:27ban Kazar and many other
44:30places he stayed in the court of Chandra
44:32Gupta to and observed the Indian Society
44:34at that time and he gave a glimpse about
44:37denan Society of which some important
44:39Snippets are he said that ganga yamuna
44:43daab was a very fertile region he also
44:46referred this as a land of brahmanism
44:49but still people were quite successful
44:52and they revered and respected various
44:54other religions The Peasant were free to
44:57cultivate
44:58anything correct but still there was car
45:02system that was deeply rooted into the
45:04Indian Society at that
45:06time and we as we had seen previously in
45:09the Vic civilization and in the Vic
45:11civilization there are 10 mandal we had
45:14seen previously Riga has 10 mandle and
45:18the 10th mandal there's a section
45:20referred as purusas Su in purusas Su it
45:23is mentioned that every human being is
45:25born out of different B parts of
45:28Brahma Brahman out of the mouth chhatria
45:32out of shoulders FES out of THS and
45:35sudra out of feet correct During the
45:39kupta period which is also referred as
45:40golden age of Temple architecture but
45:43still many historians believe that
45:45Society to an extent was degrading how
45:49because there was year one more cast
45:52which was referred as cast of
45:53Untouchables and they were referred by a
45:55derogatory name of
46:00Chandal whenever they are entering into
46:03the village they had to carry a drum
46:05around their neck and they had to beat
46:08their drum why because people will fall
46:10aside and their Shadow won't fall on the
46:12people this was a degrading nature of
46:15the society at the time of Gupta
46:17period although it is also referred as
46:19golden age of Temple architecture
46:22different forms of marriages were
46:23prevalent at that time like Brahma v d
46:28via AR via prap via assur VIA rakas via
46:33pishach VIA and so on these are all
46:35referred as eight different forms of
46:37marriages also referred as ashah so all
46:41these were prevalent at that time Sati
46:44system might have been prevalent at this
46:46time now what is Sati Sati basically
46:49means for
46:52immolation and how do we come to know
46:54that Sati system was prevalent at that
46:56time we get the inscription from the
46:58region of
47:01Iran Iran now where is Iran Iran majorly
47:04is located in bundelkhand region of
47:06madha Pradesh particularly covering the
47:08districts of sagur and Damo from here we
47:11do come to know that Sati system might
47:14have been prevalent in the Gupta
47:16period if we see the religious part of
47:18the Gupta period as we had discussed
47:21previously Gupta rulers were worshippers
47:24of Lord Vishnu simple words they
47:26followed VN M but still there are
47:29different Gupta rulers who followed Lord
47:31Krishna as well like Chandra Gupta 2 he
47:35is also referred as param bhagwat param
47:38bhagwat means he was worshipper of Lord
47:40Krishna we had seen Kumar gupt he was
47:43woried he was a worshipper of Lord karti
47:46or mgan and he is referred as ashed
47:49Mahendra or Mahendra
47:51ADI apart from this on Gupta coins we
47:54see Lord Vishnu on Gupta coin coins we
47:57see the vahan of Lord Vishnu that is gur
48:01we see the consort of Lord Vishnu that
48:03is goddess what we say Lakshmi it simply
48:06means that they also believed in shiism
48:09what is
48:10shaktism worship of several female
48:13duties like um Kali Parvati Lakshmi and
48:17so
48:18on Durga
48:21true so apart from this they still red
48:25and respected various other religions we
48:27had discussed those example I'll repeat
48:29those examples again
48:32like Kumar gupt he laed the foundation
48:36of nalanda University one of the most
48:38important centers of Buddhist learning
48:39at that time correct samudra gupt also
48:43referred as Napoleon of India he gave
48:45the permission to me varman the ruler of
48:47Sri Lanka to construct a monaster at
48:49bodgaya
48:50scand gupt it is believed that five
48:54Idols of tankar have been found at kah
48:57near gorakpur and this dates back to the
49:00era of scand
49:01gupt true so all these things highlight
49:04one thing and what is that that the
49:06Gupta rulers were actually to an extent
49:10liberal
49:11rulers okay now let's throw light on
49:16certain aspects of Gupta
49:22literature kalidas
49:28as we had discussed earlier guys kalidas
49:31was one of the most renowned poets and
49:33the quote historian who adorned the quot
49:35of Chandra Gupta one true now let's
49:38speak about kalidas in few
49:50lines now there are famous poems of
49:53kalidas like Ru samhar it is one of the
49:57major poems of kalidas which speaks
49:59about the emotions of the lovers in
50:02different seasons Ru samhar Kumar
50:10sambhav meot me means Cloud d means
50:15messenger a beautiful poetic format or a
50:19beautiful poem of the clouds me D the
50:24clouds working like a messenger
50:27and the most important dramas of kalidas
50:29include the first one among them was
50:32abigan
50:39shakuntalam another one
50:43vikam another important
50:46one malvika
50:49animam correct
50:52now I'll ask you one question guys and
50:55my question is
50:57have you heard one more thing that
51:00initially kalidas he was considered as a
51:04fool poet do you know this fact but with
51:08the grace of goddess Khali he was given
51:11the Vidya that is sarasti and he become
51:13one of the most important historians in
51:15the court of Chandra gupt 2 have you
51:18heard about this uh saying that kalidas
51:20he was initially considered as a foolish
51:22poet do you know this fact now let let
51:25me tell you a story
51:28in the region of Udan there was a very
51:30renowned King and this King had a
51:33daughter and his daughter's name was
51:35vidma right from her birth she was very
51:37intelligent apart from being intelligent
51:40she was also very beautiful now her
51:42parents decided that she would be like
51:45she would be taught The Vedas she would
51:47be taught upanishads under a guru so
51:50they appointed a guru named as vuki now
51:53she grew up and as she grew up she
51:56became an important scholar now one fine
51:58day it was being decided that like her
52:01father decided to marry her but she had
52:03put one condition I'll marry that person
52:06who is equally smart like me who is
52:09equally intelligent to me this was the
52:12condition that was put forward by vidma
52:14in front of her parents vidma initially
52:17had also angered his Guru whose name was
52:21vuki why she had angered because it is
52:23believed that once upon a time she had
52:25humiliated or insulted her Guru wuki and
52:28now wuki wanted to take a revenge for
52:31this now there were different rulers who
52:34came to marry vidma vidma said that I
52:38would be having a discussion on shastras
52:42but that discussion would be in a sign
52:45language there won't be any oral
52:47discussion here okay now vidma said this
52:53nobody could understand the sign
52:54language what is vidot trying to say so
52:59wuki felt that the time is ripe now he
53:02has to take a Revenge from vidma Once
53:05Upon a Time now wuki was going through
53:06the streets and he saw that a man was
53:09sitting on the branch of a tree and he
53:12was cutting the same
53:13Branch okay now just he was passing by
53:17the streets and he said to that man are
53:19you a fool you are sitting on a branch
53:21of a tree and you cutting the same
53:23Branch you will fall
53:24down that man didn't listen to him this
53:28person vuki moved further finally that
53:30man that man fell from the tree he got
53:34astonished okay and he came running to
53:37wuki he said that you are a great
53:38astrologer how did you come to know that
53:40I'll fall from the tree vuki said you
53:43are a
53:44fool you are sitting on a branch of a
53:47tree and you're cutting the same Branch
53:49it simply means that you are going to
53:50fall he said no no please you can only
53:52save my life you are the greatest
53:54astrologer I have ever seen and
53:55everything that he said
53:57vuki thought that this fool is the best
53:59person to take re Revenge from
54:01vidma okay now this person he was given
54:06the attire of a minister everything now
54:08he was taken to the court and when he
54:10was taken to the court with yma saw her
54:13and when vidma saw her as uh as I've
54:16told you previously vidma said that she
54:18will do the shastar or she will do the
54:21discussion of the scriptures in the sign
54:22language now wima said this
54:26this guy said this vidma thought that
54:29he's a very wise and intelligent guy
54:32correct now what was Vima trying to say
54:35that there is only Atman and what vidma
54:38interpreted actually she interpreted
54:41that this guy saying there is Atman and
54:44apart from this there is Atman and
54:45Patman
54:47both vidma thought that he's such an
54:49intelligent guy but actually what that
54:51guy was saying if you slap me once I'll
54:54slap you twice
54:57now vidma said this this guy said this
55:02now vidma became very happy like such an
55:04intelligent person wima was trying to
55:07say that there are five elements of the
55:09earth and she interpreted that this guy
55:12saying there are five elements of the
55:14Earth but if these five elements of the
55:16Earth are distributed the Earth couldn't
55:18have been created so these punch tatwas
55:20are the reason for creation of this
55:22Earth this was interpreted by
55:25vidma but but and what this guy was
55:27trying to say if you slap me I'll hit
55:30you correct now vidma said I'll marry
55:34this guy I'll marry this person and when
55:37she married this person after few T
55:38after few certain months of her marriage
55:40she came to know that he's a foolish guy
55:42and she abandoned this person now this
55:46person he was a staunch disciple of
55:48goddess Khali he worship goddess Khali
55:51and when he worshiped goddess Khali It
55:53is believed that she gave him the Boon
55:55of Vidya or knowledge and that person
55:58was referred as
56:00kalidas wasn't that an interesting story
56:03and kalidas he adorned the court of
56:06Chandra gupt 2 also referred as Vikram
56:09Aditya another historian was Amar simha
56:12he he also addon the court of Chandra
56:13Gupta 2 now kalidas he is also referred
56:16as a romantic poet correct now kalidas
56:19has written different books or poems
56:21like Ru samhar Kumar sambav me dut
56:24raguan and his most important dramas
56:27include abigan shakuntalam vikash and
56:31malvik
56:33animam the most important ones is abigan
56:36shakuntalam the very famous one and the
56:39story of abigan shakuntalam majorly
56:42rotates around three to four important
56:46characters first character is
56:49vishwamitra the
56:53sage second character is
56:58AA third important character is
57:04shakuntala and the fourth important
57:07character is Kana Rishi and the fifth
57:10important character is dant the ruler of
57:14hastinapur so the story of abigan
57:17shakuntalam rotates around these four to
57:19five
57:20characters and what is this story all
57:23about listen to me carefully it's a very
57:25interesting story
57:27we had discussed about vishwamitra in
57:28vic civilization if you remember guys
57:31now s vishwamitra his original name was
57:34Raja koshik initially he was a king and
57:36later he became a sage his when he was a
57:39king his name was Rajan Kosik okay
57:43vishwamitra he wrote the famous gatri
57:45Mantra which is mentioned in mandle
57:47three of red now once upon a time it is
57:51believed that vishwam Matra was doing
57:53his Penance he was doing his tapasia and
57:56and Indra the god of Heaven he decided
57:58to disturb
57:59vishwamitra so he sent an absara whose
58:03name was mka to disturb
58:05vishwamitra and many historians and many
58:08vic Scholars believed that shakuntala
58:11was born out of vishwamitra and mka so
58:15shakuntala was a daughter of vishwamitra
58:18and
58:19mka now right from the birth itself
58:22shakuntala was abandon now this small
58:25girl was being being raised by an Rishi
58:27whose name was kanova Rishi now apart
58:31from being beautiful this girl was also
58:32very intelligent why she was intelligent
58:34because she was being raised up by a
58:36Rishi who was running a gurukul and the
58:38rishi's name was kvar Rishi now she used
58:41to observe the students in the gurukul
58:44she used to listen to Kana Rishi when he
58:46used to teach the Sanskrit or The Vedas
58:48to the students in the gurukul so she
58:50grew up and when she grew up she was
58:54very beautiful and apart from being
58:55beautiful she was intelligent itself why
58:58because she was listening to the
58:59Sanskrit that was being taught by Kari
59:02to different
59:03students One Fine Day kvar Rishi went
59:06out of his ashram and he went to perform
59:09a particular yagna and now before going
59:12he left the entire asham in the hands of
59:15whom shakuntala and he said to
59:17shakuntala if any particular sasi or
59:20Rishi is coming please feed him please
59:23keep him in the asham and everything now
59:27in the jungle there was a ruler of
59:29hastinapur who came to hunting whose
59:31name was
59:33dant now when dant was when dant when he
59:38actually he aimed at a deer to hunt him
59:41there was another Rishi who stopped him
59:43from the hunting okay he explained him
59:46that you should not hunt and you should
59:47not get involved in any sort of violent
59:50activity now both dant and that Rishi
59:52they were searching for water so the
59:54Rishi said that near by there is a
59:56ashram of a canar Rishi we can go there
59:59we can have some amount of food there
1:00:01and we can also we can also quench our
1:00:03Thirst by having water the king of
1:00:06hastinapur dant goes to the ashram of
1:00:09the Rishi canva Rishi kanari was not
1:00:12present in the asham as we discussed
1:00:14earlier and when he arrived in the asham
1:00:17he saw this lady shakuna she was very
1:00:20pretty and beautiful Duan the king of
1:00:23hastinapur he was also quite handsome
1:00:26both of them fell for each other and it
1:00:27is believed that dant before leaving the
1:00:30place he gave a ring to this
1:00:34lady this lady shakuntala and said that
1:00:37whenever you visit hastinapur show this
1:00:39ring to the people or show this ring to
1:00:42the guards because this is the ring
1:00:44which signifies the Royal Insignia and
1:00:46they will allow you to enter into my
1:00:48castle same thing was
1:00:50done now as soon as she got the ring she
1:00:55was lost in the thoughts of dant okay
1:00:58she was completely lost in the thoughts
1:00:59of dant and One Fine Day dwasa Rishi he
1:01:03came and when dwasa Rishi came he asked
1:01:06he asked Bika from this lady shakuntala
1:01:10she was completely lost in thoughts of
1:01:12the shant now dwasa Rishi he became so
1:01:16angry that dwasa Rishi cursed him that
1:01:19whom you are thinking about he will
1:01:20forget you and durvasa Rishi went from
1:01:23there kanar Rishi came now she goes in
1:01:26search of his what we say this person
1:01:29Duan the ring that he had given to her
1:01:32it falls into the river he reaches this
1:01:35lady reaches which place hastinapur now
1:01:38dant actually does not recognize her she
1:01:41starts weeping and crying now she now
1:01:43remembers the curse given to her by
1:01:47which Rishi we are just discussed now
1:01:49she now remembers the curse that was
1:01:51given to her by durvasa Rishi she comes
1:01:54back to the asham Tells everything to
1:01:56her father that is kanar Rishi and kanar
1:02:00Rishi now calls durvasa Rishi dwasa
1:02:02Rishi says that the ring is actually
1:02:05fallen into a particular River and the
1:02:07ring is consumed by a fish which is now
1:02:10getting sold in this market caught by a
1:02:12particular fisherman she goes to that
1:02:14market catches that fisherman takes the
1:02:17ring and after taking the ring she goes
1:02:20to hastinapur now when she visits
1:02:22hastinapur the ruler dant recognizes her
1:02:26and finally dant marries
1:02:29shakuntala and they had a son named as
1:02:35bhat and this entire plot has been
1:02:38mentioned in a book called as abigan
1:02:41shakuntalam wasn't that an interesting
1:02:43story Gupta period is a treasure House
1:02:46of different literature as well correct
1:02:48like another important literature was
1:02:50swapn of D it was WR written by bhasa a
1:02:54very beautiful story a love story story
1:02:56of the king udayan of the wats Mahajan
1:02:58pad and daughter of Chanda prut vavd a
1:03:02very beautiful story swapn VAV written
1:03:05by bhasa another important story of the
1:03:08Gupta era kirti
1:03:11Arjuna it is a story written by bharavi
1:03:14shishupal wad which was written by mag
1:03:18shishupal if you remember we had
1:03:19discussed about the chedi mahaj janad as
1:03:22per Mahabharat shishupal was the ruler
1:03:24of chedi mahaj janpad and he was a very
1:03:26close Ally of he was a close Ally of
1:03:30duryodhan correct it is believed that
1:03:33shishupal when he was born his body was
1:03:36completely
1:03:37asymmetric okay he was born with three
1:03:39eyes and four arms now his parents now
1:03:41decided that they will discard him but
1:03:43somebody suggested that call all your
1:03:45relatives and one by one keep the child
1:03:48on the lap of every relative on a lap of
1:03:51one particular relative his body will
1:03:53get symmetric everyone was called l
1:03:55Krishna and Lord balam they were also
1:03:57being called when the child was kept on
1:03:59the lap of Lord Krishna It is believed
1:04:01that his body got transformed into
1:04:03symmetric from a symmetric but there was
1:04:06one more condition that on whose lap his
1:04:10body will get symmetric he would be
1:04:12killing his this child in the F in the
1:04:15future now the mother of shishupal and
1:04:18Lord Krishna both were relatives now she
1:04:21took a woe from Lord Krishna that you
1:04:23are not going to kill my child Lord
1:04:25Krishna said I cannot change the destiny
1:04:28but I'll promise you one thing I'll
1:04:30pardon his mistake 100 times and if he
1:04:33crosses this I'll kill him finally it is
1:04:36believed that shishupal was being
1:04:38beheaded by Lord Krishna with the help
1:04:40of his sudarshan chakra and this is
1:04:43called as shishupal Wad and this entire
1:04:45beautiful narrative has been written by
1:04:48mag another important book Davi Chandra
1:04:51gupt and mudra rakasa ring of demons was
1:04:54written by vishaka D apart from this the
1:04:58stories of panchatantra was written by
1:05:01Pandit Vishnu Shankar Sharma Gupta age
1:05:03is also referred as golden age of Temple
1:05:06architecture and the Genesis of the
1:05:08basics of the temple architecture
1:05:10majorly began from the Gupta period
1:05:13correct so this is majorly about the
1:05:16rule of the guptas the administration of
1:05:18the guptas the important Gupta
1:05:21literature and so on the temple
1:05:24architecture would be covered in the
1:05:26part of art and culture hope so the
1:05:30session was interesting hope so the
1:05:32stories were quite
1:05:34interesting hope so guys everything was
1:05:36interesting with this I stop my words
1:05:39again I'll mention one more thing the
1:05:41PDFs could be downloaded from my
1:05:43telegram Channel History uncore alok oja
1:05:47I repeat history Alo oja very soon would
1:05:51be coming up with the sessions of the
1:05:53most important part that is modern India
1:05:57okay guys with this I stop my words for
1:05:59the day see you guys thank you and have
1:06:02a wonderful day

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