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Complete Ancient History | Indus Valley Civilisation | Lec-12 | UPSC CSE 2025 | History By Alok Ojha — Transcript

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0:00Hello friends good evening hi this is
0:02aloja welcome to study iqis English now
0:05we'll continue with complete ancient
0:07Indian history series guys many of you
0:10had the question that I have skipped the
0:12part of indust valley civilization so
0:15I'm coming back with the part of indust
0:17valley civilization so please do not
0:18worry about this I haven't skipped the
0:20part of indust valley civilization we'll
0:22cover it certain part today and certain
0:24part in the coming sessions so please do
0:26not worry about it prior to this in IND
0:30to this in the ancient Indian history
0:31series we have seen multiple topics such
0:34as Vic civilization prehistoric culture
0:37mahaj janath the modern Empire the what
0:40we say apart from that Buddhism jism and
0:43so on today a bit late but still we'll
0:46go back to the Indus Valley Civilization
0:49yes I know this I should have covered
0:50this before but so like it's been a bit
0:53late so I'll be covering it today okay
0:56so please do not worry without wasting
0:58any more time let let's begin with one
1:00of the most important chapters that is
1:02indis Valley
1:05Civilization now before I begin with
1:08indis Valley Civilization let me give
1:10you a brief synopsis of 3 to 4 minutes
1:14please listen to me very carefully now
1:17it is believed that the evolutions of
1:20human started almost around 24 million
1:22years ago and the evolution of humans
1:25have been divided into three different
1:28stages also referred as three different
1:29different epoches or three geological
1:33Epoch myosin age Pine age and pine age
1:39in myosin age which extends around from
1:4124 million to 5 million here we can
1:44observe for the first time apes and
1:47these apes are walking on the four legs
1:49with the passage of time then comes Pine
1:53age in plyos age we observe B pedals for
1:57the first time those who walk on two leg
2:00and then comes pene age also referred as
2:04Ice Age it is further characterized or
2:07it is further divided into four parts
2:10Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic and
2:14chalcolithic one word here is common and
2:17that is lithic lithic basically means
2:21Stone one of the primary features of
2:24what we say Paleolithic Age is
2:26development of Stone Age it is also it
2:29is also referred as development of stone
2:30tools hence also referred as early Stone
2:34Age then comes Mesolithic age for the
2:38first time in Mesolithic age one
2:41observes domestication of animals also
2:44referred as late stone age or one can
2:47say Middle Stone
2:48Age then comes Neolithic Age Neolithic
2:53Age the term Neolithic was coined by
2:55John lubok and for the first time we
2:59observed
3:01agriculture chalcolithic age Chalco it's
3:05a Latin word which basically means
3:07copper so chalcolithic age is Stone
3:11copper phase why because all the copper
3:16as a metal was discovered by man Stone
3:18was still not
3:20abandoned We have dealt with all the
3:23four ages in quite depth and Detail in a
3:25separate chapter prehistoric culture and
3:29today now we are going to start with
3:31Indus Valley
3:34Civilization
3:37okay around third or fourth millennium
3:40BC there were four civilizations which
3:44were contemporary to each other that is
3:48they developed parallel to each other in
3:50different parts of the world but one
3:52common feature among them was each and
3:55every civilization developed on the
3:57banks of some or the other
4:00Rivers like there were four civilization
4:03Mesopotamian civilization Egyptian
4:06civilization Chinese civilization and
4:09Indus Valley
4:10Civilization as we discussed these
4:12civilizations developed on the banks of
4:14some of the other rivers so Mesopotamian
4:17civilization which roughly developed
4:18around the region of Central Asia
4:21developed on the banks of Tigris and
4:22Euphrates River Egyptian civilization
4:25developed on the banks of the longest
4:27river of the world that is River Nile
4:31then comes Chinese civilization it
4:33developed on the banks of Yellow River
4:36or Wango River and the name suggest
4:39indis Valley Civilization it developed
4:41on the banks of river indes also
4:43referred as synu in vic
4:46literature so now let's begin let's
4:50understand about like within 2 to 3
4:52minutes about certain characteristic
4:53features of the each
4:55civilization let's begin with
4:57Mesopotamian civilization
5:01Mesopotamian civilization it developed
5:03around fourth Millennium or third
5:05millennium BC roughly fourth or third
5:08millennium BC it developed around the
5:10regions of Iran Iraq Kuwait Syria and
5:16Southeastern turkey roughly certain
5:20parts of Central Asia I'll repeat Iran
5:24Iraq Kuwait Syria and Southeastern
5:28turkey
5:30it developed along the banks of two
5:32important rivers one is tigis River and
5:35the other one is Euphrates River I
5:39repeat it developed on the banks of Two
5:40River tigis and Euphrates River now
5:44there are certain features about
5:46Mesopotamian
5:47civilization It is believed that
5:50Sumerians and ACC cardians dominated the
5:53region of
5:54Mesopotamia Sumerians were the first to
5:57develop the spoken language of the world
5:59they were the the first to develop
6:01religion they were the first to develop
6:04coins It is believed that they also
6:06developed different sports and what kind
6:09of sports basically they develop they
6:11developed sports like major it is not
6:14moroi it is major major basically means
6:17that sports like rugby and second one is
6:20Polo but there was a very interesting
6:22characteristic about the polo like
6:25usually we have seen in Polo a man is
6:27sitting on a shoulders back and then
6:28playing a polo
6:30here it was different a man is sitting
6:32on another's man back and then they are
6:35paying on the another man's shoulders
6:37and then they are playing Polo so what
6:40we say major ragby and Polo these are
6:44the games from
6:46Mesopotamia it is also believed that
6:48Mesopotamia there was a place called as
6:50Elum Elam it is located near Iraq in
6:53Bagdad a beautiful sculpture have been
6:56found made up of
6:58limestone and that sculpture is gwol
7:01lius
7:03statue half body is of a man of a human
7:07being and the half body is of a lion
7:11what a beautiful and a wonderful
7:12sculpture that was found at the
7:14particularly around the region of
7:16Mesopotamia particularly in the region
7:18of Elum near Iraq
7:21Bagdad correct so these are certain
7:24important features of Mesopotamian
7:27civilization I'll repeat the points
7:29again
7:30again Mesopotamian civilization
7:32developed around third or fourth
7:34millennium
7:35BC it covered specifically the regions
7:38of Iran Iraq Syria Kuwait and
7:42Southeastern turkey apart from that it
7:45is located on the banks of Tigris and
7:47Euphrates River Sumerians and ACC
7:49cardians dominated Mesopotamia first to
7:52develop religion first to develop
7:54basically or the first to Min the coins
7:57developed sports like uh major major is
8:01basically a sport like rugby secondly
8:04Polo and one of the fascinating features
8:06of the polo was a man sat on another
8:08man's
8:09shoulder okay and a beautiful sculpture
8:12made up of limestone have been found
8:13from this civilization gwol lus statue
8:17made up of
8:18limestone half body of a lion and a half
8:21body of a
8:22man moving moving to another important
8:25civilization Chinese civilization
8:29as discussed earlier there were four
8:32civilization contemporary to each other
8:35all the civilizations were located on
8:37the banks of some of the other River
8:39same was Chinese
8:41civilization Chinese civilization as the
8:43name suggest it is located on the bank
8:45it is located in China and on the banks
8:48of river Wango or Yellow River I repeat
8:53it is located on the banks of river
8:54Wango or Yellow
8:56River correct now
9:00the soil on the banks of river Wango is
9:03quite fertile and it is referred as
9:06lowest lowest basically means very
9:09fertile
9:10soil now it is like it is believed that
9:14fine quality bronze have been found from
9:17the site of Chinese
9:19civilization okay and then comes
9:22Egyptian
9:23civilization Egyptian civilization is
9:26located on the banks of the longest
9:28river of the world that is River Nile
9:33correct like we have studied about River
9:35Amazon and River Nile Amazon is the
9:37largest river of the world and Nile is
9:40the longest river of the world so
9:43Egyptian civilization is located on the
9:45banks of the longest river of the world
9:47that is River
9:49Nile true now it is believed that if
9:53River Nile could haven't been there
9:55entire Africa or major part of Africa
9:58could have been a desert but still we
10:00can observe the northern part of Africa
10:0270 to 80% of northern part of Africa is
10:05Desert and the largest desert is Sahara
10:07Desert Egyptian civilization is the
10:10extension of Sahara Desert correct one
10:13can also find another desert called as
10:14Nubian desert around the region of Egypt
10:17so River Nile it is referred as Lifeline
10:20of
10:21Egypt now whenever a river flows
10:25generally through the desert region it
10:28get broken up into into small small
10:30small water
10:31pockets and these water pockets are
10:34called as
10:35oases and the soil near the Oasis is
10:39very
10:40fertile and it is majorly used for
10:43cultivation of cotton and certain what
10:46we say
10:47dates okay it is Maj used for
10:49cultivation of date palms and cotton
10:51correct so date palm cultivation in the
10:54region of Egyptian civilization was very
10:56important at that time okay and they the
11:00people in Egypt practiced a very
11:02elaborate burial practices pyramids you
11:05might have seen the movie mammies
11:07correct moving
11:10ahead Indus Valley
11:13Civilization as the name suggest it is
11:16located on the banks of river indas also
11:20referred as River synu in certain Vic
11:23text now before we begin with Indus
11:26Valley Civilization let's focus on
11:28certain points which are very important
11:31from the exam perspective either prelims
11:34or
11:34means now let's understand about the
11:37extent of Indus Valley Civilization
11:40let's also speak about the
11:41characteristic features of great bath
11:43that was found at moan jadaro about the
11:46great graner that is two rows of six
11:49granaries were found at the site of
11:51haraa we'll also speak about the basic
11:54town planning the H the structure of
11:56their
11:57houses Okay so so now let's begin pay
12:01attention carefully here we are going to
12:03understand the general basic features of
12:07IVC
12:13okay if see look if somebody roughly has
12:17a look aial view of the indust valley
12:21civilization I'm saying if somebody
12:24roughly has an aerial view of indust
12:26valley civilization it will look either
12:29quadrilateral in shape or triangular in
12:33shape okay Indus Valley Civilization
12:37roughly covers 8.5 lakh square
12:40kilometers of Indian
12:43subcontinent the northernmost site of
12:46Indus Valley Civilization is Manda which
12:49is located in Jammu and Kashmir the
12:52southernmost site of Indus Valley
12:53Civilization is daad which is located in
12:57Maharashtra particularly on the Banks of
12:59river godavari or tributaries of river
13:02godavari the easternmost site of Indus
13:05Valley Civilization is alamgirpur which
13:09is located in Western up on the banks of
13:11river hinden tribut of river
13:14yamuna and the westernmost site of
13:18indust valley civilization is sutka
13:20gandor located on Pakistan Iran
13:24Border so this is majorly about the
13:26extent of IVC I'll repeat the points
13:29again in short pay
13:32attention if one has an aerial view of
13:35Indus Valley
13:36Civilization it will roughly look
13:39triangular in shape or quadrilateral in
13:42shape apart from that the northernmost
13:45site of Indus Valley Civilization is
13:48Manda which is located in Jammu and
13:51Kashmir whereas the southernmost site of
13:53Indus Valley Civilization is daad which
13:56is located in Maharashtra on the banks
13:58of river godavri or tributary of river
14:01godavari the easternmost site is
14:03alamgirpur located on the banks of River
14:06hindan tributary of river
14:09yamuna and the Western most site sukka
14:12gandor is located on Pakistan Iran
14:14Border roughly it covers 8.5 lakh square
14:17kilometers of Indian
14:19subcontinent correct now let's move
14:24ahead in general I'm saying in general
14:29the index valoc cities are divided into
14:32two
14:34parts the first part is upper cadle the
14:38second part is lower Citadel now what is
14:41the meaning of the word Citadel Citadel
14:44basically means a raised platform or a
14:47wall like
14:49fortification now let me give you a
14:51small example now this is lower
14:55Citadel this is upper Citadel now for
14:58example suppose this is the first part
15:00of the city a wall has been erected and
15:03then you'll find the second part of the
15:04city
15:06or this is defensive
15:09ditch suppose this is a defensive ditch
15:12then this is the lower part of the
15:15city then comes the slope and this slope
15:19is referred as Citadel then comes the
15:22upper part of the
15:24city
15:27okay sit so what is Citadel Citadel is a
15:32wall likee fortification or a
15:34slope now why there was a slope or a
15:37wall like fortification to protect the
15:40city from getting flooded now initially
15:43they had the ditch whenever suppose
15:45suppose if any of the tributaries of
15:46river Indus or for that sake any other
15:49River gets over flooded initially the
15:51water will enter into the ditch the
15:54water shouldn't enter into the lower
15:56part of the city so the city was
15:58constructed Above This slope and that is
16:00called a citadel or a wall likee
16:03fortification then the other part was
16:06the other part of the city that was
16:07referred as upper Citadel it was
16:09constructed again over the other part of
16:11the slope
16:13Citadel so the basic purpose of wall
16:16likee fortification or Citadel was to
16:19protect the city from getting
16:21flooded got it now this is defensive
16:27ditch this is low lower Citadel this is
16:30upper
16:31Citadel now the upper Citadel as the
16:34name suggests the Elite Class of or the
16:36elite section of the society lived here
16:38and the Common Man lived in the lower
16:41Citadel okay the people who used to look
16:44after the administration they were
16:46usually in the upper part of the Citadel
16:49and the common man usually was in the
16:51lower part of the Citadel the upper
16:53Citadel was divided into two parts
16:56Eastern sector and the Western sector
16:59Eastern sector was a residential sector
17:04here people used to
17:06live whereas Western sector was a public
17:10work sector year people used to
17:13work and this entire concept is a part
17:16of basic typology I repeat generally the
17:21city was divided into two
17:23parts upper Citadel lower Citadel and
17:25defensive ditch Citadel is a wall like
17:28fortification which Bas the basic
17:30purpose for it is to protect the city
17:32from getting
17:33flooded got it there are certain
17:36exceptions like I'll give you a small
17:38example the city of Dava or one of the
17:41sites of Dava which is located in kadbit
17:43Island Gujarat where Tropic of Cancer
17:46passes it is believed that the city was
17:49divided into three parts upper town
17:51Middle Town and Lower
17:53Town then another important city again
17:55in Gujarat Lal the city is divided into
17:58six parts and all the six parts are made
18:00on unripe bricks so these are exception
18:03but in general the city was divided into
18:05two parts upper and lower
18:07Citadel got it moving again moving ahead
18:11with another important concept and that
18:14concept is called as great
18:22Granary you might have heard about the
18:24concept of great Granary earlier yes
18:26guys
18:33indust Valley Civilization is also
18:36referred as haraan
18:38civilization and why it is referred as
18:40harapan civilization because haraa was
18:42the first site to be discovered in 1921
18:45by diaram sahani at the site of haraa
18:49one can find the
18:52structure like two rows of six Granary
18:55have been found at the site of haraa now
18:59what is Granary in very simple words
19:03graner are SOS or godowns for storing
19:07the food
19:08grains and now it is basically divided
19:10into three to four parts or this is
19:13basic structure of The
19:16Granary this is the agriculture field
19:20where the crops are
19:22produced this is the threshing floor
19:24where the grain is separated from the
19:27chaff
19:29this is Granary wherein the grains are
19:32packed and stored for emergency
19:34purposes and this is bars the workers
19:38who used to work or the laborers who
19:40used to work in the agricultural field
19:43the workers or laborers who used to work
19:45in the threshing floor the workers or
19:48the laborers who are working in the
19:49godowns or the SOS or The Granary where
19:53will they stay they will stay in the
19:56barracks so the purpose of bar tax was
19:59basically to house the
20:01laborers and this entire structure is
20:05called as great
20:07Granary it is majorly 15.23 M wide and
20:1145.7 M
20:14long this concept was found for the
20:16first time at the site of haraa two rows
20:19of six
20:20Granary we can infer one thing from year
20:24previously during Neolithic Age we have
20:25seen one important fact that Neolithic
20:28age there was development of Agriculture
20:31along with development of Agriculture
20:33there was development of Potter why
20:36because people required something for
20:37cooking eating drinking storing the food
20:41grains can you imagine initially the
20:44food grains were stored in earn vessels
20:46and now huge godowns huge granaries are
20:49required for storing the food
20:51grains imagine the Surplus amount of
20:53food grain production during the indust
20:55valley
20:56age now let's analyze the structure of
20:59Indus Val cities in bit
21:05detail this is the main
21:08road and the main road is roughly 13 to
21:1334 ft
21:15wide these are the side Lanes or alleys
21:20in Hindi also referred as
21:22Galia the main road is cut by the side
21:26Lanes or alleys in 90° Dee right
21:30angle in the main road one can observe
21:35these lamp post similar to street lights
21:39so that we can infer that trade might be
21:42taking place through this
21:45route the side Lanes or alleys were
21:48roughly 9 to 11
21:51ft okay in lower Citadel the houses were
21:55located in the side Lanes
21:58in lower cadle I'm repeating the point
22:02in lower cadle the well was located
22:05between the two houses I repeat the well
22:09was located between the two
22:12houses okay and secondly the well was
22:16made up of burnt
22:18bricks suppose if somebody comes from
22:21here the entrance door of the house
22:23should be here in major cases but in
22:27major cities of Indus Valley
22:29Civilization I'm saying this is an in
22:32general feature not a particularistic
22:34feature so in the major cities of Indus
22:37Valley Civilization one can find the
22:40entrance door here and not
22:43here why because the well was located
22:47between the two houses in lower
22:50Citadel and in the upper Citadel the
22:53well was located within the house within
22:55the courtyard of the house
22:59okay moving ahead it is believe that
23:03houses were single story as well as
23:05double story how do we come to know
23:07about this I'll give you a small example
23:10there's a site of indust valley
23:11civilization referred as moan jaro and
23:14at moan jaro one finds the evidence of
23:16staircases from which we can infer that
23:20probably the houses might be double
23:22story there was horizontal drainage as
23:26well as vertical drainage the drains
23:29were covered by Stone or wooden slabs
23:32which simply highlights one important
23:34thing that people were aware about
23:38hygiene okay there are more number of
23:41doors in comparison to the
23:45windows got it and here you will find
23:49the manhole on the main road like many
23:52many times you might have seen that uh
23:54suppose you're walking through a road
23:56you see a person who is entering into to
23:58the hole he's cleaning the garbage stuff
24:00and again he's closing that why because
24:03sometimes the garbage gets stuck in the
24:06hole so a person who enters it cleans it
24:09and then again closes it so probably
24:12that is referred as a
24:13manhole and usually you can find these
24:16structures in major indust Valley
24:19Cities moving
24:22ahead this concept is called as great
24:26bath
24:29and the concept of great bath was found
24:32for the first time at the site of Mohan
24:35jaru a very important site it was a
24:39second Indus Valley site to be
24:41discovered now what is great bath let's
24:44understand okay now I'll give you a
24:46small hint throughout Indus Valley
24:49Civilization I'll be using majorly two
24:51words might be and probabbly why because
24:55even today indust Valley what say script
24:59still stands undeciphered we have just
25:02inferred what is written nobody exactly
25:05knows what is return we have inferred
25:08from the
25:09painting okay so this concept is called
25:13as great
25:14bath now let's understand it resembles
25:18modern day swimming pool
25:20how in between one can find a pool like
25:25structure on the other two side one can
25:28OB observe staircases to enter into the
25:31pool okay in between you'll find a pool
25:34like structure then you'll find a
25:36structure like staircases where one can
25:38enter into the pool okay now this pool
25:42is approximately 8 ft
25:45deep at 1.5 ft one can find an inlet
25:50through which the fresh water enters
25:52into the
25:53pool around 7 and 1/2 ft one can find
25:58Outlet through which the filthy water is
26:01drained
26:02out correct near the pool or near the
26:06structure one can find these small
26:10cubicle structures probably a changing
26:13Ro and the entire great bath might be a
26:18part of ritualistic
26:20practice I repeat it might be a part of
26:24ritualistic practice there is no use of
26:28a single Stone in great bath it is made
26:32up of burned
26:34bricks and this was found for the first
26:36time at the site of moan
26:39jaro so this is about the basic
26:41structure of great bath the great
26:44Granary the division of the city into
26:46two parts upper Citadel lower Citadel
26:50the extent of Indus Valley Civilization
26:51from nor to south and east to west
26:54correct apart from this what sections
26:57are very important from the exam
26:59perspective and that section is this is
27:01the detail
27:02explanation guys one more important fact
27:05and one more important thing you can you
27:08can download all the PDF from the
27:10channel That is the telegram Channel
27:13History
27:20aloja just a second
27:35you can download all the previous PDFs
27:37like Inda and arth shastra modern Empire
27:41Buddhism jism this PDF from the what we
27:44say telegram Channel History Alo OA
27:47because many of you had the queries from
27:49where to get the PDF or the PPT so you
27:51can get the PDF or PP from my telegram
27:53Channel History Alo oja hope so the
27:57points are clear to you here guys
28:03okay this is great
28:05Granary which we have discussed right
28:07now great Granary in simple words is
28:09nothing but a place or the go down for
28:12storing the food grains okay now let's
28:16understand important indust Valley
28:24sites okay in the ncrt in in the Tamil
28:28Nadu stateboard books we find sites like
28:30harappa moan jaro surot davira Lal and
28:35so on we'll try to cover at least seven
28:38to eight important sites okay pay
28:42attention
28:44carefully
28:46haraa as we have discussed previously
28:49Indus Valley Civilization is also
28:51referred as haraan
28:53civilization and why it is called as
28:55harapan civilization because harappa was
28:57the the first site to be discovered it
29:01was discovered in
29:031921 by diaram sahani it is located on
29:07the banks of river Ravi which is also
29:10referred as River Parini in Sanskrit
29:13literature or WC literature so it is
29:16located on the banks of river Ravi which
29:18is a tributary of river
29:22indis so usually what kind of questions
29:25crop up in the examination let's
29:27understand where is the site
29:29located who discovered it and the third
29:33most important aspect what are the key
29:35findings from this side now let's
29:38understand Hara as I've told you located
29:41on the banks of river Ravi tribut of
29:43river IND this it was discovered by Dam
29:47sahani in 1921 let's understand the key
29:51findings the first important key finding
29:53that we find here is a painted Pottery
29:56it is not printed Pottery it's a painted
29:59Potter then you might have seen the
30:02bronze image or the dancing image of L
30:05Shiva so the bronze image of Lord
30:08probably a Shiva or the bronze nrj image
30:12have been found from the site of
30:15haraa let me tell you one more important
30:18fact Indus Valley Civilization is also
30:21referred as Bronze
30:24Age
30:25correct then here we can find the
30:28evidence of dice so probably we can
30:31infer one important thing that gambling
30:34might be the source of entertainment for
30:35the
30:36people apart from that we have observed
30:40here a vanity box vanity box it is
30:43similar to like a makeup box like it is
30:46believed that it might be used for
30:48keeping the brushes or the handles of
30:50the brushes majorly used for the pain
30:53thingss apart from that one has observed
30:56or we have observed copper scale at the
30:58site of
31:00haraa now observing copper scale we can
31:03infer one thing we can see that your
31:07people to an extent were aware about
31:10mathematics because certain weights and
31:11measurements were being attached to this
31:14copper scale so we can infer that to an
31:18extent people might be aware about
31:22mathematics now these people they
31:24believed in animism now what is animism
31:28ISM love and respect for nature they
31:31worshiped trees animals snakes and birds
31:35and particularly the tree that the the
31:37people of the Indus Valley Civilization
31:39worshiped was people
31:41tree correct so these are the important
31:45things that we need to remember about
31:48the Indus Valley Civil sorry about the
31:50site of haraa which is located in
31:52present day
31:55Pakistan got the points clear guys
31:58I want the answer in the comment section
32:01there is also a symmetry that has been
32:03found at the site of haraa please name
32:07the Symmetry I want the answer in the
32:08comment box okay guys so haraa I'll
32:12repeat the points again in short pay
32:14attention carefully haraa it is an
32:16indust Valley Civilization site located
32:19in Pakistan on the banks of river Ravi
32:21also referred as River Parini in vic
32:24literature it was founded by Dam Sani in
32:261921 first Indus Valley Civilization
32:28site to be discovered hence IVC is also
32:31referred as haraan
32:34civilization painted Potter have been
32:36found for the first time apart from that
32:39nutr bronze image dice vanity box copper
32:44scale are the key findings from the site
32:47of
32:48haraa got it let's move on with the
32:51other important
32:53site moan jaro mound of dead
33:02moan jaro is the second Indus Valley
33:05site to be
33:06discovered and it was discovered in 1922
33:10by rakal Das
33:12banerji it is located in laran uh larana
33:16District of syn region of Pakistan now
33:20let's understand what are the important
33:23and the key findings from the region of
33:25moan jadaro
33:28pay attention
33:29carefully prior to the discovery of a
33:32site called as
33:33rakii I repeat prior to the discovery of
33:37a site called as raki gadii located in
33:39harana moan jaro was considered as the
33:42largest indust Valley
33:44site but after the discovery of the site
33:48of raki gadii it is believed that it has
33:51become the largest indust Valley
33:52Civilization
33:54site so moan jodo priorly was the
33:57largest indust Valley Civilization site
34:00first thing second thing what are the
34:03key important findings here first thing
34:06nude image of a bronze dancing
34:10girl now if You observe this lady she is
34:14standing in a three banga posture and
34:17and her hands is full of
34:21Bangles so this is called as bronze
34:24image of a nude dancing girl you can
34:27find find this mentioned in the Tamil
34:29Nadu state board book and in the ncrt is
34:32both correct now she standing in three
34:36banga posture her hand is full of bangal
34:40so probably we can infer that she might
34:42be a Banjara lady there have been a
34:45question asked by the upsc what are
34:48banjaras banjaras are
34:51Traders okay so probably she might be a
34:54Banjara
34:55lady another important finding from the
34:58site of moan jaro was a statite image of
35:02a bearded man this is statite image of a
35:04bearded man if one has a close look of
35:09this you can observe that the hair is
35:12completely combed a perfectly stylized
35:15beard a Shaw on his left part of the
35:18body probably might be a priest or a
35:21particular head so this stite image of a
35:25bearded man is another key finding from
35:29the site of moan
35:31jadaro another important finding that is
35:34Seal of pashupati Mahadev or Proto
35:38Shiva and now there's a man who is
35:42depicted as sitting in the center
35:44particularly looks like L Shiva Proto
35:46Shiva also referred as pashupati Mahadev
35:50and now he surrounded by few animal
35:54tiger elephant bull r dinosaurus and two
35:58deer are seated near the feet I repeat
36:02tiger elephant bull rhinosaurus and two
36:08deer are seated near the
36:11feet sitting in sadii position or padm
36:15masan and that has been defected as seal
36:19of pashupati Mahadev or seal of protos
36:26Shiva an another key finding from the
36:29site of moan jaro these findings are
36:32really very important from the exam
36:33perspective guys and time and again
36:36there have been questions in the upsc
36:38examination moving
36:41ahead another important finding a
36:44multi-pillar Assembly Hall has been
36:46found at the site of moan
36:48jaru now after having a view at the
36:51multip multi-pillar Assembly Hall one
36:54can infer that probably it might be a
36:57temple
36:58or a specifically a meeting place for a
37:00nearby Village assembly so the chances
37:04are more that it might be a meeting
37:06place for a nearby Village assembly why
37:09because there have been no evidences of
37:11Temple worship or idol worship we have
37:15just inferred things guys as I've told
37:18you previously time and again one thing
37:20IND Indus Valley script still stands
37:24undeciphered we have just inferred the
37:27things from the pictures and the
37:28paintings that we have
37:30seen correct so I'll repeat the key
37:35important findings from the site of
37:37munaro one more thing the great bath
37:39that we discussed right now was found
37:41for the first time at the site of moan
37:43jaro so I'll repeat the key points again
37:46within shot within next 10 second please
37:48note it
37:49down first thing moan jaro it is the
37:53second indust Valley Civilization site
37:55to be discovered it was discovered in
37:571922 by rakal Das banerji located on the
38:00banks of river indis now it is called as
38:02moan jaro basically means mound of dead
38:05why because this city was destroyed by
38:08flood got
38:11it bronze image of a new dancing girl
38:14standing in three banga
38:17posture have been found at the site of
38:19moan jaro statite image of a bearded man
38:23have been found at the site of moan jaro
38:26seal of pashupati mAh D or Proto Shiva
38:29have been found at the site of moan
38:31jaro a multi-pillar Assembly Hall have
38:34been found from the site of moan jadaro
38:36probably a temple or a meeting place for
38:38a nearby Village
38:40assembly apart from that basically
38:43multipl Village Assembly Hall so these
38:45are the key and great baths that we
38:48discussed right now have been found from
38:50the site of Mohan jaro so these are the
38:53key findings from the site of haraa and
38:55moan chodo
39:01okay
39:05doav guys I'll tell you one
39:08thing suppose if a question comes in the
39:12upsc examination that the site of
39:15dhava the site of
39:17surot the site of Lal had trading
39:20contacts with other civilizations of the
39:23world like Mesopotamian civilization or
39:26Chinese civilization mark this statement
39:29as true why because all these sites that
39:33is Dava sua Lal all these sites are
39:38located in Gujarat and Gujarat being a
39:40coastal State they can have trading
39:43contacts with the other civilizations of
39:44the
39:45world got it so now let's understand
39:49about the site of
39:52Dava toaa it is a site which is in local
39:56language is referred as K
39:59Timba it is located on khadir bit Island
40:03Gujarat as I as we have discussed
40:06previously that Indus Valley
40:08Civilization cities are majorly divided
40:10into two parts upper Citadel and lower
40:14Citadel in simple words upper part of
40:17the town and the lower part of the town
40:19the site of dhava it is divided into
40:22three
40:23parts upper middle and low Lower Town I
40:28repeat upper middle and Lower Town the
40:32site of dhava which is a part of Indus
40:36Valley Civilization Tropic of Cancer
40:38passes through this
40:40site one can observe a sign board at the
40:44site of
40:46dhava and one when a person observes a
40:49signboard this signifies or symbolizes
40:51one thing probably it might be a symbol
40:56for what that this is a coastal region
40:59so a sign board have been found at this
41:01site which signifies they had trading
41:04contacts with the other
41:07civilizations correct and particularly
41:09they had trading contacts with
41:11Mesopotamian civilization why because
41:14Iranian seals have been found at the
41:17site of
41:18Dava apart from that small small water
41:23systems have been observed at the site
41:26of dava
41:27and these Water Systems simply suggest
41:30one thing that these water might be
41:32stored for emergency purpose so in
41:35simple words water harvesting technique
41:39have been observed for the first time at
41:42the site of doaa located in
41:46Gujarat so let's focus on the key points
41:48that needs to be remembered the first
41:51point Dava it is located in Gujarat
41:54kadbit Island in local language it is
41:56referred as quoted at Timba sign board
41:59have been found here and this sign board
42:02signifies that they had trading contacts
42:03with the other civilizations of the
42:04world particularly the Mesopotamian
42:06civilizations because Iranian seals have
42:09been found from this site small small
42:12small water systems have been observed
42:15this suggest that water harvesting
42:17technique was used or they might have
42:20stored water for emergency
42:22purposes correct apart from this it
42:26might be an important trading center
42:28that we need to remember yes one more
42:30important thing the city was divided
42:32into three parts upper town Middle Town
42:34and Lower
42:36Town hope so the points are clear guys
42:40guys we have discussed haraa moan jaro
42:45dhava we have discussed about the basic
42:47structure of the indust valley cities
42:50with this I'll stop my today's word but
42:53in the coming sessions we are also going
42:55to discuss few more important indust
42:57Valley Civilization sites apart from
42:59that we will also discuss about the
43:01Society of the indust valley people
43:03we'll discuss about the potty we'll
43:05discuss about the seals we'll discuss
43:07about the script we'll discuss about the
43:09language agriculture animal husbandry
43:12and so on and the most important being
43:15what were the important reasons for
43:16decline of
43:18IVC so this was a basic introduction to
43:23IBC as I've told you previously you can
43:26down download the PDF from my telegram
43:28Channel History alok oja you can also
43:33like there's a playlist there are only
43:34four videos in the playlist that is uh
43:37history through stories we'll keep on
43:38adding more stories to that playlist but
43:41please do watch those beautiful stories
43:43one story is about the chhatrapati
43:45shivaji Maharaj and his ganimikawa
43:47technique go visit the playlist It's A
43:50Beautiful Stories another story is about
43:51the shil padikaram another story is
43:54about the actual death of kudin
43:57iyak so please do explore the playlist
44:00as well one more important thing within
44:04very few days I'll try to come live
44:07basically on Modern Indian history where
44:09we can directly interact with the asirin
44:12okay guys with this I'll stop my words
44:15for the day thank you and have a
44:17wonderful day

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