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Chemistry Lecture 3 For General Chemistry and InOrganic Chemistry — Transcript

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0:00Okay class good day. So chapter 3,
0:04elements and compounds. Okay. So
0:11okay so let in this particular chapter
0:15uh we discuss uh elements and compounds
0:18their difference and uh what are the
0:21bonds that are allowing them to happen
0:25no or to exist.
0:28Okay. So this is the outline of our
0:30chapter.
0:33Okay. So elements A distribution of
0:36elements, B names of elements, C symbols
0:40of elements.
0:42And then uh another
0:46outline part of this chapter
0:50introduction to the periodic table
0:52natural states of the elements then
0:57diatomic elements
1:00then uh compounds and formulas okay ayan
1:04so molecular and ionic compounds writing
1:07formulas of compounds and composition of
1:10compounds no so this is the outl line of
1:13our chapter noan
1:16so
1:18okay elements and atoms no so an element
1:22is a fundamental substance that cannot
1:25be broken down by chemical means into a
1:29simpler substance so
1:33no elements are the building blocks of
1:36matters can occur naturally or by
1:41by synthesized in the lab. No? So
1:46okay, so elements, atoms no'no have
1:49their own no'no identity no'no. Yan. So
1:54elements can be seen in the periodic
1:56table. Okay.
2:00So another definition. So atoms smallest
2:02unit of an element that retain its
2:05properties and chemical behavior. No'no.
2:08Ayan is called an atom. So iyung um
2:12bawat atom no depending on the number of
2:15their proton no would assign what
2:18element no are they. So yung in our
2:21periodic table if you would uh recall no
2:25uh the elements are arranged no in
2:28increasing atomic number then atomic
2:31number is equal to the number of proton
2:35no yan so and atoms are made of
2:40subatomic particles.
2:43Okay? But those subatomic particles do
2:46not have the property of the elements.
2:49No? Ayun. So class, can we please uh
2:54recall who are those subatomic
2:57particles?
3:00Sige nga.
3:06Ayun. So okay, recitation according to
3:11ah tumogdon. So
3:15two of those uh subatomic particles are
3:18electrons and protons. Then another is
3:22okay kasali to neutron no'no. So
3:27okay may nag-request. Ayan. So those are
3:30the subatomic particles no? So we have
3:32protons, electrons, and neutrons. No so
3:39basically no ah
3:43where can we find them? No. In an atom,
3:45no? So iyung proton
3:48together with the neutron, they are
3:51at the center, no? Called nuclei.
3:56Then um the electrons. Nasan ba yung
3:59ano? Nasan ba yung electrons? Okay,
4:01correct. Yung protons and neutrons are
4:05in the nucleus or the nucle no inside
4:08center. Okay. What about the electrons?
4:11Where can we find them? Recall nga.
4:13Okay. Shells.
4:15So outside no surrounding the nucleus
4:19ba. Okay. So counted to ha.
4:23Uh answer of uh Venice Punzalan
4:29for
4:30Gelbic Tumogdon and then Hann Veral.
4:35Okay.
4:36Ayan so nakapalibot no yung um
4:41electrons natin no.
4:43Okay.
4:45Okay. So tandaan ha
4:48atomic number
4:54is equals to the number of proton no
4:56then ideally no for it to be chargeless
5:00no or no charge no
5:06proton should be equal with the number
5:08of electron. Then um
5:12okay so kung 'yung proton niyo
5:13nagbibigay ng identity no'no uh what
5:17type of element it would be no what
5:19about what's the role of electron para
5:21saan siya?
5:23Can any of you tell me what's the role
5:25of electron?
5:28Mmm
5:37okay sige na nga. Pwede? So
5:41some elements no'no could transfer allow
5:45transfer no of electrons. Okay? So it's
5:51a mean of what? Anong ginagawa nila? No
5:55if they can do that.
5:58Ayun. Okay. Ito mas okay to. Ayan. So
6:03okay answer from Tumogdon and answer
6:05from Magsino. No ayan. So to form
6:09chemical bonds no so since they are the
6:12ones outside
6:14no they are the ones that can form or
6:17interact no bonds no ayun so ito to to
6:23okay i-credit ko 'tg mga sagot na to ha
6:26yan
6:28okay so
6:31those are the subatomic particles, no?
6:35Okay.
6:36Ayan. Now what about um neutron? What's
6:40the purpose of neutron? If
6:44okay, correct. [tawanan]
6:46Okay. Uh they can contribute with the
6:48stabilization no of the uh element no of
6:53the atom. Okay. Ayun.
6:58Also yung ah changing no changing number
7:02of uh neutron. Ayan na nasabi na uh
7:06allows us to form no ayan isotopes no.
7:13So there are ayan nabanggit na ni Miss
7:16ah Gagarin no. Ayan so formation of
7:21isotopes no. same elements no but differ
7:26in ano ba ibig sabihin ng isotopes
7:31m
7:33same identity but differ in saan sila
7:36nagkaiba
7:42mm
7:44oh sig
7:48okay sige pwed
7:51pero yeah they they differ in the number
7:53of neutron. But what else? Ano pang
7:55pwedeng maapektuhan kapag nagbabago
7:58yung number ng neutron?
8:02Remember, these particles are also
8:04matter, 'di ba?
8:08Ayun. Okay. O na. O halo sabay sila.
8:12O ito ayan. So mass no. So they differ
8:16in in uh mass aside from the um neutron.
8:22No? Ayan. So,
8:26okay. 'Yan na 'yung atom natin ha. So,
8:28maliwanag 'yung role ng ano ha?
8:30Maliwanag 'yung role ng proton,
8:32electrons and uh neutrons. Those are the
8:34subatomic particles. If you want to go
8:37no smaller than those no papasok tayo sa
8:41quantum no? Particles. Ayan na. So, mas
8:45malalim na talk or discussion yun, no.
8:48Okay. Now, elements
8:51currently in uh our periodic table, no?
8:55Pwedeng mas marami pa dito. We have 118
8:59elements known no? 88 of these are
9:03naturally occurring. So
9:06teka lang bakit 88 naturally
9:12occurring? Teka nga.
9:15118
9:16- 88 O ilan ba 'to?
9:24Ano bang difference nito?
9:32Okay. Ayan count natin to. Okay. So 30
9:35no? So kung yung 88 ay natural
9:39occurring, papaano nag-exist yung 30?
9:46Mmm sige nga.
9:53Papaano siya nag-exist yung 30? O so
9:58paano? Ano bang kabaliktaran ng natural?
10:00Natural ibig sabihin they are uh present
10:04no in the existing environment or
10:07favored by the environment that's why
10:09they can exist. Okay? Correct. No? So
10:12these are pwedeng ano uh synthetic or
10:16lab made or was observed no in a
10:19controlled laboratory environment no.
10:22Ayun. So at room temp only bromine
10:28mercury okay are liquids. Ayan teka
10:33expand natin yung
10:35slides natin.
10:37Okay.
10:41So 11 elements are
10:45gases. So ito daw yung ano liquids,
10:47no'no. Okay. Romine
10:52mercury no at room temp
10:56at room temp 11 are gases okay hydrog
11:01nitrog oxygen and the following no okay
11:08ayan now these are the common
11:12okay elements
11:15okay
11:1710 elements uh makes up almost 99% of
11:21the mass of Earth's crust sea water and
11:26atmosphere. So ano ba yung
11:28pinaka-abundant
11:30element no in this uh table? No so we
11:33could see that the most abundant
11:36element no based on this table alone
11:39okay is oxygen no
11:43so
11:45this abundance no allows us to live no
11:51sa earth kasi ah oxygen is part of our
11:56biology no So we inhale oxygen and
12:01exhale
12:03carbon dioxide ' ba yun ang biology
12:05natin.
12:07So imagine class kung hindi oxygen no
12:10yung isa sa pinakaabundant
12:14element no in our
12:17planet
12:18no it would be difficult for us to
12:21breath no so possible na ano tayo um
12:26what you call this okay assisted
12:30breathing no so we need apparatus no to
12:35uh purify No ganun no or yan ito to I
12:40like this answer no we could evolve
12:43differently so pwedeng instead of
12:46breathing oxygen pwedeng maiba yung
12:48biology natin if no iba yung yung
12:52composition nung planet natin no so
12:56basically no if in relation to biology
12:59pwedeng
13:01uh maiba no'n kasi organisms would adapt
13:04to its environment
13:07No? Okay. So ito no. Ito yung mga common
13:11elements no. Ayan.
13:14Okay.
13:16Sige move na natin.
13:21Wait lang.
13:23Yan. So
13:27oxygen accounts for about 20% of the
13:29atmosphere and is found in nearly all
13:34rocks and soils. No yan po. Okay. Plus
13:39class may tanong ako. As time goes by,
13:43is it possible that we can alter our
13:46very own atmosphere? Pwede ba nating
13:48mabago iyung atmosphere natin? Let's say
13:51instead of um
13:55oxygen, no? Let's say nitrogen na or
13:59carbon. Mas marami ng carbon sa
14:02atmosphere. Is it possible?
14:10Okay.
14:14Mm. So in our current trend, no?
14:21O sige nga. Can you please ito to' sige
14:23nga o can you please explain why bakit
14:28bakit possible na mabago natin
14:31no what are we doing ano bang ginagawa
14:34natin
14:37oh sige nga kahit ano lang kahit short
14:39answer lang true chat
14:43okay ito to to pwede to no okay one
14:46reason is carbon emission so instead na
14:49yung carbon is carbon is uh being
14:52sequestered no ah sa mga organism na
14:56yung plants ang nangyayari nasa ano na
14:59sila nasa atmosphere no isa pang reason
15:02is deforestation
15:05ah in
15:07tagalog no pagputol or pagsira ng gubat
15:11no ayan so greenhouse gases okay ano pa
15:16pollution no
15:19geoengineering that's No ah burning of
15:23waste no okay yung burning of waste it
15:27should be ano eh ah controlled no in a
15:30controlled environment may mga
15:32technology kasi na kung tawagin is waste
15:35to energy no ayan yung kasama doun yung
15:38ano ah combustion ng waste
15:42okay ozone layer depletion okay pwede no
15:45so and uh there's more no na alteration
15:51or changes, no? Okay. Now, um maaaring
15:56ngayon we could still live with our
15:58current
16:00uh atmosphere, no? But uh
16:05what if no we still continue the trend
16:09for the next 100 years?
16:11So malaki yung pwedeng maging effect,
16:14no? Okay. Then uh of course you all know
16:18the climate change no. Okay. Now
16:22elements in the human body. So these are
16:24the elements no. So kanina
16:28so environment now this time
16:32with the human body no. So you could see
16:36that oxygen pa rin iyung pinakamataas no
16:39in terms of mass then uh followed by
16:43carbon.
16:45Um we are technically carbonic no
16:49species carbonbased
16:51species no so um most of our um
16:57biomolecules inside our body no are
17:00carbon no organic no organic chemistry
17:03yun nga eh puro carbon na makikita mo no
17:06oxygen, carbon and hydrogen no so we
17:09have also nitrogen no primarily dun sa
17:12mga ano natin protein No? So you have
17:16amine group there. Okay. We also have
17:18calcium no in our bones. Phosphorus
17:21ginagamit sa ATP no adenocine
17:24triphosphate.
17:26And other energetic molecules. You have
17:29magnesium no as ginagamit ng body natin
17:33no as
17:35cofactor no sa mga enzymes for them to
17:38function. Then we also have potassium
17:41no for um what you call this NK pump no
17:46ginagamit natin yan doon. Then we also
17:48have sulfur for different amino acids
17:52also may mga sulf may mga sulfur no sa
17:56kanilang side chain no. So these are the
17:59elements that can be found in the human
18:01body no. Again ang dominante pa rin
18:06ano sila. Ayan. So we have oxygen,
18:11carbon,
18:12hydrogen. No'no? Ayan.
18:15Okay. Sige move tayo. Names of elements,
18:21no? So names of the elements are
18:25derived.
18:27So nanggaling derived from Greek,
18:30Latin
18:32or German words.
18:36Okay.
18:38That describes or describe a property of
18:42the element. For example, 'odine
18:47okay comes from Greek word
18:51iodes no'no. Meaning
18:55violet like.
18:57Now iodine can appear no uh violet
19:02colored as a vapor. So kapag daw in its
19:08gasous state no yung iodin daw would uh
19:13show violet color no? So iba pag ano ha
19:17iba ang itsura ng iodin kapagka liquid
19:20ha. Baka sabihan niyo ako eh bakit yung
19:23iodines kapagka liquid form no brown or
19:25parang dark no? Ang tinutukoy kasi dito
19:28is vapor no gas. Ayun.
19:36Yan. Some elements are named for the
19:39location of their discovery such as
19:43Germanium which was discovered in 1886
19:49by a German chemist. Sige nga class. Can
19:53you
19:54name no? Um aside okay can you name an
20:00element uh base sige based on a
20:05um Norse God. Sige nga. Meron bang
20:09element na pinangalan sa isang Norse
20:11God?
20:14O clue? Napapanood sa ano? Napapanood sa
20:18movie. Okay. [tawanan][sumisinghap]
20:20Ayan. So we have torium no.
20:24Ayan. Okay. O sige. An element named
20:28after a scientist.
20:32Meron bang ganon element na pinangalan
20:34sa tao?
20:39Named
20:41after a scientist. Okay, pwede. Oo no,
20:45in honor of ah
20:47Dr. Albert Einstein, ano? So ayun no one
20:51of one of the element was named up. Ayan
20:54meron pa. Ito pa. Correct to curium.
20:57Yan. Okay. Kay ano kay
21:01ah Marie Curie no? Yung ah mag-asawa no?
21:06The curious. Ayan. Okay. Oh nabanggit na
21:10no? Ayan.
21:12Okay. O sige. Elements uh named
21:16after a place aside from ano ha aside
21:19from Germanum. Meron pa bang iba?
21:25Hindi akoindi Ay ito to to sure ako
21:27dito. Yan Fran no? Ayan. So that's very
21:31obvious no from ayan. Okay.
21:36Ayan. Okay. Okay. Sige ah. Move na tayo.
21:42[tawanan]
21:43Ba't walang Manila? No, Ma.
21:46Oh, Manilanium no. Walang ganun. Wala pa
21:50no. Ayun.
21:53Okay. Ayan na. So, aside sa places of
21:57discovery,
21:59some elements are also named after no,
22:02famous scientists. Ayan na. Tama 'yung
22:04ano 'yung curium no' kay Marieury no'no.
22:08Yan. So symbols of the elements, each
22:11element has an abbreviation called a
22:14symbol. Okay? 14 elements have single
22:19letter ha. Okay?
22:22And the rest have two letter symbols.
22:26Okay? Yan. Sige nga. Okay. Example. No
22:29so letter N.
22:32What's this one? Sige nga. What is
22:34letter N? Basic to. Basic. Mili. Okay.
22:39Correct. Nitrogen. No. Ayan.
22:43Okay.
22:47Ayan. So nitrogen N.
22:51Okay. Au. Ayan. O ano yan?
22:56Okay. Correct. Gold.
22:59Pero teka lang, bakit gann no? Um,
23:03tingnan niyo mabuti.
23:05N nitrogen pero AU
23:09gold.
23:11Bakit? Bakit ganun? ' ba parang
23:14hindi nam ba't sana ginawa nilang ano GL
23:19o kaya GD kung wala pa ' ba. Okay. Kasi
23:23yung old no Latin name of gold is Aurum
23:30no. Ayun.
23:33So kaya hindi na nila binago ano au no?
23:35Aurum.
23:38Ayan. So
23:40okay correct no?
23:43Ayan
23:45so symbol of the most common elements.
23:50Ayan so aluminum al yan antimony.
23:54Argon,
23:56arsenic
23:58barium, basmoth, boron, bromine,
24:02cadmium. Plus ah lahat ng ito nono ay
24:05nasa inyong ah anong tawag doun sa yung
24:08sa papel na hinahawakan niyo pag
24:10nag-aaral kayo ng chemistry
24:14o lahat ng ito ay nasa inyong periodic
24:17table.
24:19Ah common question. Sige. Frequently
24:23asked question. Sir, kailangan ba
24:25i-memorize ang periodic table? Short
24:27answer, hindi. Okay. Bakit? Ah, yung
24:31periodic table is designed no for you
24:35not to memorize it, no? But for you to
24:39use it, no,
24:41as a guide, no? When solving problem,
24:45when uh studying materials, no?
24:49Reference, correct? No. Okay. Now, uh
24:54along the way, if you're in no,
24:56chemistry profession, no, along the way
25:00you would be able to memorize them.
25:02Mapa-familiarize din kayo, no? Ganun
25:05siya.
25:07Okay. So ito pa part two. Ito pinapakita
25:10lang yung mga elements. Do you have your
25:14own periodic table class? Do you have
25:16your own?
25:19Pa-thumbs up naman if you have ha. We
25:21will be using it. Okay? So you should
25:24nung I believe nung
25:27high school kayo and
25:29senior high you already have your own
25:32periodic table. So you just you just
25:35reuse it no? Yun na rin ang gamitin niyo
25:38para hindi na kayo bibili ng bago ha.
25:40Okay.
25:42Ito pa part 3.
25:45Ayan. So you would notice class sa
25:49pagsusulat ng symbol
25:51the first letter no? Anong meron sa
25:54first letter guys? It's always in
25:59capital letter or higher case. Big
26:02letter.
26:04Okay, correct. Teka, sinong unang
26:06nagsabi ng capital or big or higher
26:09case? Una lagi si Chelvck. [tawanan]
26:12O sige. Next si ano Miss Pastolero. Kino
26:15ko na rin Simon.
26:19Okay. And then si Miss ano Rego Samanta
26:24no? Ayan. So lagi siyang nasa capital
26:28letter followed by a small letter. Okay.
26:33Sige nga class tingnan niyo ' mabuti.
26:35Paano pagka sinulat sinulat ko ng ganito
26:37no? Capital C
26:41small O
26:43ta's ito pa may isa pa. Capital Cal O. O
26:48anong pinagkaiba nila? Last
26:52dito ilang ilang element dito. Okay
26:55correct no? Compound na yung second.
26:58Okay. Ayan. Ito anong anong element 'to?
27:02Ito sige nga. C.
27:07Okay. Correct no? Cobalt.
27:11Ayun.
27:13Okay.
27:15Ayan. Pero ito ano 'to? Papaano 'to?
27:17Okay. Ito, hindi ba isang element lang
27:20'to? Hindi.
27:24Okay.
27:26Hindi 'di ba? So dito meron kang carbon
27:29and oxygen. Correct no? Carbon monoxide.
27:33Ayan.
27:35Correct no? Ayan. So mayro'n kang carbon
27:39and oxygen 'no? Bakit? Anong dahilan? '
27:43Kasi sinulat natin ng capital letter
27:44'yung O 'no? Instead of small, no'. So
27:48don't get confused guys, ha. Ayun, don't
27:52get confused. Okay?
27:57Ayan. So yan yung mga basics natin.
28:00Okay.
28:02Okay. So part four no'no. Phosphorus,
28:05platinum. Yan and so on no' and then
28:08part five we have titanium, tungsten,
28:12uranium, xinon, uh zinc, no? Yan na.
28:16Okay.
28:20Ah these are the elements, okay,
28:24derived from early names. Ito daw 'yung
28:27kagaya nung ano, kagaya nung sa gold
28:29kanina no'no. Ayan. So,
28:33ito 'yung mga modern names nila.
28:36Okay, you see here the modern names
28:39yan and these are their symbols no yan.
28:44You would notice that these names
28:47are their former no old names yan.
28:53So dito pala dito pala ano benase no yan
28:58stebium coprum
29:00aurum ferum plumb
29:04to hydra
29:07gerum okay [tawanan]
29:09calium yung potassium no kaya pala k no
29:12potassium calium pala ang basis ayan and
29:15then silver argentum no ayan
29:19okay
29:22ayan Yan. Ito pa no part two no. So
29:25sodium
29:27ah tin and tongsten no. Ayan. So ito
29:30Wolfram. Ganda ng name no?
29:34Ayan tandaan class ha. Yan siya ha.
29:38Okay ayan nabanggit ko na kanina no.
29:42First letter of a symbol must always be
29:44capitalized. Second letter is if second
29:48letter is needed it should be lower
29:50case. Okayan.
29:53So introduction to periodic table. So
29:55who designed or um implemented or
30:01invented no
30:04periodic table? It was
30:07okay. Ah Dimitri ayan
30:11ayan so Mendeliv sige nga based on his
30:16name no ano kayang nationality niya.
30:20>> [sumisinghap][tawanan]
30:21>> Okay.
30:23So possible na siya ay isang
30:26teka teka. Ayan Russian no? Ayan
30:32o. Slavic okay correct no? Basta nasa
30:35ganung ano nasa ganong region no? Russia
30:38yun Ukraineung mga ganon no. Ayun so
30:43kasi ano to eh this was in 1869 no? Ayan
30:48so Russian daw. Ayan.
30:50Okay. Organize elements based on their
30:54property. Okay. So, elements with
30:58similar chemical properties are placed
31:01in a column called groups. Okay, class.
31:05Sa periodic table daw natin
31:07ah inarrange daw no vertically. Yan pag
31:11ganito yan. So, column ang tawag natin
31:14dito ha. Yan.
31:16Tapos ito daw naka-arrange na to
31:18vertically no they are called group.
31:24So pag sinabing group ibig sabihin they
31:27have similar chemical properties. Pareho
31:32sila ng chemical property. Yan. Anong
31:35napansin niyo dito sa grupo na to? Yan.
31:40Helion, Neon, Argon, Crypton, Seon,
31:44Radon.
31:50Anong meron sa kanila? Okay, correct.
31:52Yan o. Gases. Bukod sa gases, sige. Ano
31:55pa? Meron silang special property.
31:59Hindi lang sila basta gas.
32:02Correct. Ito to. Tama to. Itoung
32:03hinahanap kong sagot. Ayan.
32:06They are inert and they are stable.
32:09Tinawag silang Nobel gas kasi they won't
32:13easily no react.
32:15In fact, they are unreactive
32:18gases or non-reactive
32:22gases, no? Ayan, inert. Ayan, correct
32:26yung word na yun ha. Ayan. Okay. Sino
32:29nag Sino nag ano sabi ng inert? Okay. Si
32:33ano James Pastolero, no? Ayan.
32:38Okay. Ito na. So,
32:41representative elements, no. Ayan, ito
32:44yung mga ano uh grupo nila no'. Ayan. So
32:48we have here the alkali metals.
32:52Ayan. Alkaline earth metals.
32:57Okay. Transition metals yan dito banda.
33:02Okay. And then halogens.
33:05Noble gas. Ah how do we group them? No.
33:10Ayan. So how do we group them?
33:13Okay. So 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A,
33:238A. No? So pwedeng ganito. Uh ayan. Now,
33:27okay.
33:29Uh from this yung a 1a to 8a no ah bakit
33:35sila nilagyan ng ganyang ano 1 to 8 no?
33:40Has something to do with their balance
33:41electron yung arrange yung number no?
33:44Ayan.
33:46Okay. Teka nga move natin onong ano yan.
33:49Elements in the center are called
33:51transition metals. Ayan. Okay. So ito
33:54naman sila.
33:59So alin ang
34:00metal, alin ang uh nonmal no. So yung
34:04mga naka-blue
34:06these are metals actually no. Going here
34:09papunta rito sa arrow na to, no? Ah it
34:12adds more metallic
34:16character, no? Tapos pabaliktad naman.
34:19Okay. Papunta rito sa side na to. Okay.
34:22Non
34:24metal. Then we also have metalloids, no?
34:28Ayan. So 'yung metalloids, ito yan 'yung
34:30parang nasa ladder, no? Okay. What's the
34:34purpose of uh
34:37metaloids? Yung mga metaloids, no, they
34:39have both property of a metal and
34:43nonmetal
34:45in between sila. Yan.
34:48So
34:50uh obviously
34:52no metals would appear no often no they
34:56would appear solid
34:59tapos ito naman yung nonmetals they
35:02often appear no um
35:06gasous or sometimes uh liquid no
35:14okayan
35:16so Sige nga.
35:19Um, properties of metal. Ito metal are
35:23solids at room temp.
35:26They're shiny. They have luster. No,
35:29they're good conductors of heat and
35:32electricity. 'di ba? So ang ginagamit
35:34natin to allow no uh electricity and
35:39heat to flow no'no metals.
35:43Okay.
35:45Um
35:47if you're familiar no ah sa sa mga
35:50computers no may tinatawag tayong ano eh
35:54hit
35:58sync. Familiar ba kayo? Okay. ' Ba yung
36:01processor may uh metal no na dinidikit
36:07no? Tapos yung heat from the processor
36:10would transfer there and then may fun o
36:13kaya may uh liquid cooling system ka ba
36:17parang ganon. To distribute heat. Ayan
36:20correct no. Ayan. So metals are good
36:24with that no? Heat and electricity
36:27transfer. Yan. They are also malable.
36:30Ibig sabihin pwede silang i-shape no?
36:32Pwedeng ihulma.
36:35Okay. Doctile can be drawn into wires.
36:37Noan.
36:39So
36:41uh anong example no na na pwede silang
36:43i-shape no in our kitchen. So you have
36:47knife, you have different no um
36:52materials made of metal ba sa kitchen.
36:56In fact in the ancient times, ginagamit
36:58pa ang metal to ah make no weapons.
37:04Halimbawa, swords, ano pa ba? Spear, no?
37:08Access. Ang daming paggagamitan ng
37:10metal, 'di ba?
37:13Mmm.
37:15Um, Oo, silver wear, no? Ayan. Pag
37:18mayaman no yung mga utensils mo gawa sa
37:22silver no.
37:24Ayun. Chineck niyo na ba yung mga ano
37:27niyo kutsara tinidor niyo kung gawa sa
37:28silver?
37:32Wala.
37:33>> [tawanan]
37:34>> Okay. Ano 'yun? So ito 'yung mga
37:36properties ng metal ha. Okay. 'Yan. Ito
37:40pa. Most metals have a high melting
37:43point. Ano ba 'yung melting pointless?
37:49Melting point. Sige nga.
37:53What is melting point?
37:57Oh
38:01wala. Hindi naman. angang basic cam
38:03niyo.
38:07Oh, what's smelting point? Wala. Bili.
38:16Ayan na. Okay.
38:20Okay. When solid turn into liquid, no?
38:25Ayan.
38:27So anong anong unit ng ito to may
38:30nagsabi na temperature
38:32yan ito it's a temperature where no um a
38:39solid would turn into liquid ba okay now
38:45in terms of
38:47temperature na unit they can be
38:49represented no pwedeng in
38:53celsius fahenheit or kelvin No. Ayun.
38:59Okay. Then uh
39:02metals have also high density. So
39:06compared with other noal no ah mas
39:09mabigat ang metal no. Common metal
39:14include ayan the following. Okay.
39:17Teka.
39:21metals readily combined with nonmetals
39:25to form compounds but rarely rarely
39:28combined with other metals. So iyung mga
39:33metals daw no in the environment or in
39:36the
39:38nature they can easily or readily no
39:42bond with nonmal metal no to form
39:46compounds
39:48but rarely no in the environment
39:51no they would combine with other metal
39:55no oh sige nga can you give me a
39:59compound that is A combination
40:02of a metallic element and a nonmetal.
40:06Sige nga kahit symbols lang. O
40:09correct. Pinaka-common to. Sodium.
40:14Okay. Na Cl. Na here is metal. Ito naman
40:20nonmal metal yung chlorine no. O ano pa?
40:25Give me three. Okay. Correct. Ito
40:29MGO no?
40:32Ayan magnesium oxide
40:36o calcium oxide
40:41ayan okay na to tatlo ano?
40:47Ayan so metal nonmal metal nonmal oh
40:54kapag may metal and nonmal ka no What
40:57type of bond? Anong tawag mo doon sa
40:59bond na iyon?
41:02Correct. Ayun. Ito si Miss Miss ba Tama
41:05ba Francesca? Ayun. Tama. Miss Miss Cato
41:09no. Ah ionic. So we call it ionic bond.
41:13Okay. When we're doing ionic bond is it
41:16transfer or sharing of electron?
41:22Basic ulit ng chem.
41:25Is ionic sharing or transfer of
41:27electron?
41:31Okay, correct no? Transfer no? Why? Why
41:36do they need to transfer electron? For
41:39example class ba yung sodium it has one
41:45free no? Yan electron.
41:49Yung chlorine naman meron siyang 1 2 3 4
41:535 6 7
41:57oh bakit kailangan okay ito ang tamang
41:59sagot no si James pastolero ulit no
42:03nakakarami na siya okay to follow octet
42:08no so ito pag ginawa natin dito no teka
42:11baguhin ko yung color itong electron na
42:14to we transfer it no we give it to
42:18chlorine.
42:20Okay? So si chlorine magkakaroon ng
42:22additional no magka
42:25magkakaroon siya ng additional na
42:27electrons. So chlorine now is having
42:31no 8. And
42:35kung 8 na yung kanyang electron, ang
42:37charge niya is
42:40negative.
42:42Since si sodium is si sodium binigay
42:45niya yung isa niyang electron. No, it
42:48would have a charge of positive.
42:52Okay. So, they now have positive. Teka
42:57bagin ko yung color.
42:59Positive and
43:01negative. Anong pwedeng mangyari pag may
43:03positive and negative charge? What would
43:06happen? Okay, correct. Aba, ang bilis
43:09ah. Okay. [tawanan]
43:11Tatanong ko pa lang ah. Okay. Ayun. So,
43:13they would form attraction. Okay.
43:16Maliwanag?
43:19Naintindihan class?
43:22Gets tayo. Gets. Okay. Pa-thumbs up nga
43:24kung naintindihan. Pa-thumbs up no.
43:28Yun. So metals are involved no in that
43:31kind of reaction no called ionic no
43:35bond.
43:37Ayun. So ganun siya no. Ayan basic ng
43:40chem yan ha. Okay.
43:44Ayun. Sige. May questions ba? So far
43:47medyo nakakakalahati na tayo sa chapter
43:49na to. May questions?
43:53Okay. Sige. Wala. Okay. Sige. Let's move
43:58on ha. Okay, let's move on. Okay, some
44:02metals are mixed no to form homogeneous
44:06mixture called alloy. Teka,
44:10yung mga metal pala pwedeng
44:12paghalu-haluin din no? So, gagawa tayo
44:14ng alloy.
44:16So, ito yung mga alloy products no.
44:19Brass, bronze,
44:21steel, coinage no? Yung barya.
44:26Okay, last may tanong ako
44:29no. So
44:33itong mga alloys no ah combining metals
44:37they produce no uh unique
44:42property no. So pwede rin palang ganon
44:44no. Okay.
44:47Ayun so
44:50yan. Ito yung mga examples no. Okay.
44:53Alloys.
44:55Okay. So, what about uh nonmetals?
44:59Okay. Ano ba yung mga nonmetal? Okay.
45:02So, ito no. They are not shiny,
45:06have fairly low melting points. So ibig
45:08sabihin mabilis silang mag uh turn into
45:12uh liquid no? In fact,
45:20okay, in fact some of them are already
45:22in liquid or gasous state, no? Okay?
45:26They have low density. So pwedeng pwede
45:30ngang nasa ano lang sila eh nasa
45:31atmosphere no nakalutang sila. Okay?
45:34They are poor conductor of heat and
45:38electricity. Okay.
45:44Nonmetals combine with each other to
45:47form molecular compounds. Okay?
45:52So may tinatawag tayong ionic,
45:57may tinatawag tayong molecular
46:01or pwede ring tawaging covalent.
46:04Okay?
46:06Ayan. So yung sa ionic kanina you have a
46:09metal plus non metal and yung means ng
46:13sa electron niya is for
46:16transfer.
46:18Sa molecular naman,
46:21okay so nonmetals can combine. So ibig
46:25sabihin dito po ay nonmal
46:27plus
46:30okay o correct no? Sharing daw. Okay
46:35nonmetal no. Ito naman ah ang electron
46:38no hindi siya tina-transfer. They are
46:42shared no. Pinag ah hatian no or
46:46pinakikinabangan nila pareho no. Ayan.
46:53Okay.
46:55Ayan.
46:58So common nonmetals found include
47:01carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Yan
47:05example to there's a person no
47:10harvesting
47:12sulfur.
47:14So saan ba maha-harvest ang sulfur?
47:17O anong geo place or what you call this?
47:23Fature no? Mahahanap yung sulfur or
47:27mama-mine or makukuha no?
47:31Ah sige pwede sa mountain pero may isa
47:34pa. May isa pa yung delikadong lugar.
47:36Ayun correct. Ito volcanic no. Yan may
47:41mga country no na may mga taong
47:43pumupunta talaga malapit doun sa bukanan
47:47doun sa opening no nung um volcano no
47:51then they harvest
47:54yan no sulfur yan delikado yan no
47:56syempre mas pwedeng ma-damage yung lungs
47:59mo no pag pupunta ka roon okay
48:04okay metaloids no metaloids have
48:07properties both metals and nonmetals
48:11These elements are positioned
48:14diagonally. Teka,
48:17padiagonal daw ang position niya, no?
48:19Separating metals and nonmetals. Example
48:21are boron, silicon, germanium.
48:27Okay, these uh metaloids no they are
48:31often used no
48:33in electronic devices or semi
48:39semi ano
48:41[tawanan]
48:43[sumisinghap]
48:44semiconductor. Ito correct si
48:48Gillian no Mercado semiconductor.
48:52Okay.
48:54Can you give me an example of
48:55semiconductor
48:58material? O
49:02ano yung mga material na kay computer
49:05chips. Correct. Ano pa? Yun lang ba?
49:10O paano yung anong tawag mo doun? Yung
49:11may mga circuit circuit t's kinakabitan
49:14ng ano components
49:21pwedeng starts with letter M o kaya B.
49:27Breadbard. Hindi breadbard.
49:30Okay. Pwedeng ano ang sagot ay board or
49:33pwedeng motherboard. Ayan
49:37o. Yung iba ang tawag nila logic board
49:39no kasi kasama na yung processor no.
49:44Logic board. So these are made possible
49:48no because of these elements no. Itong
49:50mga metaloids na to no. Ayan.
49:53So 'yung mga computers natin no um
49:58'yung CPU no'no ayun so 'yun ay doon
50:00doon niyo mahahanap no 'yung mga 'to no
50:03particularly itong ah silicon no ayan
50:09ayan okay po
50:12okay so sa Pilipinas ba meron ba tayong
50:15ano semiconductor industry
50:18so parang hindi pa ganun kaano no meron
50:21pero minimal mal kaunti no ah they are
50:26proposing no yung current trend natin
50:28ngayon ah they are proposing pax silica
50:31kung familiar kayo ' ba
50:35familiar ba kayo pakpx silica ' ba
50:38tingan niyo yung pangalan niya ' ba
50:40tinawag siyang tingnan niyo ha
50:43pa fo pax
50:45tapos may word na silika no yan kasi Um
50:52sa paggawa ng ganun ano yung silicon no
50:55yung isa sa mga element na ginagamit
50:57lagi no. Okay.
51:02Ah may questions kayo so far? Meron?
51:06O sige. Ah paunahan na lang. [tawanan]
51:11Okay. Sino nauna?
51:13Ang sagot ay
51:16Okay. Tama. si Miss Coreses
51:21at saka si Gillian Celesti. Ayan. Okay.
51:27Ang sagot dito ay Ag no? Argentum or
51:30silver.
51:33Yan.
51:35Okay. Um
51:38saan ginagamit ang silver? 'Di ba sa mga
51:40jewelries? Ayan no.
51:45Ornaments yan. Ginagamit din ng silver
51:47yan. So silver po ang tamang sagot.
51:50Natural states of elements. No yan.
51:53Elements tend to be reactive and combine
51:57with other elements to form compounds.
52:01It is rare no to find elements in their
52:06pure
52:07form in nature.
52:10Okay teka.
52:12So lahat karamihan daw ng ano ng
52:14elements hindi mo siya mahahanap sa
52:17nature na for example no ayan sodium
52:22sodium lang talaga no so mahahanap mo
52:25siya in ah ganitong form no
52:29sodium chloride
52:34okay sodium hydroxide
52:37no and so on no ayan so sa ganitong form
52:41mo siya mahahanap no?
52:44Okay. Can you purify no? Sodium alone
52:49no? So ah pwede no may procedures on how
52:54to do it. However, it won't be that
52:59stable no in the environment. Ito kasi
53:03no in this form na they are stable.
53:07Ayan.
53:09Okay. Now, gold, silver, platinum. These
53:13are noble metals,
53:15have low reactivity and
53:19are found and combined in nature. Ito
53:22sila pwede pwede natin sila makita in
53:25pure elemental no form. Itong gold,
53:29silver and platinum no. Ayan.
53:35Okay.
53:37Now, air no air a homogeneous mixture of
53:41diatomic teka take note of the term ha
53:44diatomic elements is composed mainly of
53:50nitrogen and
53:52oxygen. So yung air daw natin.
53:57Okay.
53:59These are the
54:01diatomic elements, no? Ayan. So bakit
54:04tinawag na diatomic?
54:08Pag sinabi bang die, ilan yun?
54:12O ibig sabihin two no? Yan. So you have
54:15two atoms no playing andun. Ito na
54:20combined no. Ayan. So for example sa
54:22hydrogen we don't write H lang no.
54:26Madalas sa isang chemical equation we
54:30write them as H2
54:32no? Unless it's ion. Pwedeng pwede naman
54:36yung H no. Madalas ah dinepict siya as
54:40ano ah ion ionic no.
54:45Ayan.
54:46So ito sila no mga diatomic. Ito yung
54:49kanilang itsura no. Yan.
54:53So ito colorless. So ibig sabihin it
54:56would be difficult for you to recognize
54:58them no with your naked eye okay or with
55:03uh no apparatus no then ito nam okay ah
55:10with coloration ayan yellow gas green
55:13yellow
55:14reddish brown liquid
55:17bluish black solid no yan ganyan Okay.
55:27Okay.
55:29Now, uh separat separating no atomic
55:33elements. The atomic elements can be
55:34separated from each other, no? Okay. In
55:38water,
55:40okay, neither hydrogen or oxygen is
55:43diatomic. So pwede daw no. Teka.
55:49Okay. Compounds and formulas. Teka iano
55:52ko na ha. Ilabas ko na iyung slides.
55:54Okay. A compound is a substance
55:58containing two or more elements that are
56:01chemically combined in a definite
56:04proportion. So may tamang ano tamang uh
56:08measures 'no. Okay.
56:11Unlike elements can be decomposed
56:15chemically into simpler
56:17uh substance. No so 'yung halimbawa ito
56:20no 'yung water
56:24pwede daw paghiwalayin no 'yung oxygen
56:27and hydrogens no'no. Ayan.
56:32So yung compounds daw pwedeng i-break
56:35no? Kanina kasi yung elements sinasabi
56:38hindi na pwede ' ba. Okay.
56:41Ayun.
56:42Okay.
56:46Ayan. So molecular and ionic compounds.
56:51No compounds fall into two general
56:53types.
56:55Uh molecular and ionic. Molecular can be
56:59called ano ha? Covalent. Okay? Kasi yung
57:01means of bond niya is covalent bond.
57:05Okay? Ayan. So example of the molecular
57:09is water. Example of ionic is um sodium
57:14chloride no salt.
57:17Yan. So ito yung pinagkaiba nila no.
57:21You would notice no? Yung hydrogen and
57:24oxygen
57:26they are sharing the electrons they are
57:28actually no. Ayan. magkadikit na
57:31magkadikit sila while uh with the
57:35ionic no sodium chloride ayan na dinpick
57:38natin kanina positive and negative no
57:43yan a positively charged sodium
57:48ion no and a negatively charged chlorin
57:51yan
57:53okay so again molecular compounds are
57:56held together by covalent bond ayon
57:59Atonic compounds are held together by
58:02attractive forces between positive and
58:05negative charge. Ha? Tatandaan yun ha?
58:09Okay.
58:12Ayan. Molecules. Molecules are small
58:16uncharged individual unit of compound
58:19formed by two or more, no? Ayan. So
58:22sinabi lang ulit.
58:25Okay.
58:27Molecule cannot be further divided
58:31without destroying its identity. So
58:34meaning to say no yan
58:37um for example no water again
58:42uh we can break this no into oxygen and
58:46hydrogen. However, once we break them
58:49yung property of water no as water hindi
58:53mo na siya mao-observe with oxygen and
58:56hydrogen. Okay?
58:59Ayun.
59:03What are ions? Ions are charged atoms.
59:07Group of atoms. No,
59:11I can be positively or negatively
59:14charged. No? Kapag positive no, we call
59:18them
59:20o na cut ion positive. No example,
59:27Na+ no.
59:30Ano pa ah? K no plus ayan
59:37yan. So ito to ano to ah cut ions no?
59:40What about an ions no? So Cl-us. Ayan
59:46okay yan no. Ito.
59:52Okay.
59:54Now uh compounds more than 50 million
59:57compounds are currently known. No, each
1:00:00compound has a unique set of property.
1:00:03Oh teka. Sige.
1:00:06So ibig sabihin pag nabago 'yung
1:00:09composition ng isang compound nagbabago
1:00:12din yung kanyang property. Nagbabago rin
1:00:14yung kanyang pwedeng magbago ang
1:00:16appearance. Pwedeng magbago ang ah
1:00:19reactivity no? For example no H2O yan
1:00:23water
1:00:25H2O2.
1:00:28Ayan. Anong tagalog name natin dito or
1:00:33common name natin no sa as Filipinos no?
1:00:40Hydrogen peroxide also known as
1:00:47sige nga ginagamit to sa ano saan to
1:00:51ginagamit class H2O2
1:00:56sa sugat.
1:00:57Okay.
1:00:59Pangdinfect no? Ginagamit sa first aid.
1:01:04Also known as agua oxinada no. Ayan.
1:01:10Ayan. Tama ba? O aqua oxygenada.
1:01:15Naririnig ko madalas ano e agua oxinada.
1:01:17Ano? Ayun.
1:01:20Okay. Ayan. So napansin niyo no ayan
1:01:24malapit yung kanilang formula pero
1:01:29ayan magkaiba no sa color magkaiba
1:01:32sa purpose at sa gamit magkaiba no hindi
1:01:36ka pwedeng uminom nito no hindi natin
1:01:38iniinom 'to ayan magkaiba rin yung
1:01:41kanilang ano um boiling no boiling point
1:01:45magkaiba ang kanilang density No.
1:01:52Ayan. So ayan no. Kaiba.
1:01:56Okay. Ah formulas of compound. Chemical
1:02:00formulas are abbreviation
1:02:03ah for compounds. No okay chemical
1:02:07formula. Chemical formula. Ibig sabihin
1:02:09ito iyung symbols and numbers of atoms
1:02:13no yan that represents. Okay? Consider
1:02:17sulfuric acid. Yan. So yung sulfuric
1:02:21acid o siya no? H2SO4
1:02:26yan. So one molecule
1:02:29contains
1:02:31okay ito non
1:02:34two hydrogen, one sulfur and four
1:02:38oxygen. one possible formula o ano Hhs
1:02:43Oooo no pero ah pwede mo namang i
1:02:48shorten no since you have two hydrogen
1:02:52H2
1:02:54no isang sulph yan wala kang nilalagay
1:02:57na number one dito ha hindi mo teka lang
1:03:00ha
1:03:02okay hindi kailangan 'to ha walang
1:03:04number one okay ayan
1:03:08o pag isa lang Siya you just ah leave
1:03:10it. Wala wala kayo ilalagay ha. Yan
1:03:13tapos O and then four no yan.
1:03:18Okay. Numbers after the the element
1:03:20symbols are subscripts. No yan showing
1:03:24the number of atom no of that element.
1:03:28Sige nga practice tayo. Practice.
1:03:33Okay. Formula of a compound contain the
1:03:36symbol of all the elements no in the
1:03:41compound. When a formula contains only
1:03:44one atom of an element,
1:03:48okay? The number is one is not needed.
1:03:51No, hindi na daw dapat sinusulat iyung
1:03:52subscript. When a formula contains more
1:03:55than one atom of an element, the number
1:03:57is indicated
1:03:59by subscript written in the symbol. No
1:04:02yan na. Ito po example ha.
1:04:08Okay. Paano pag may parenthesis? Anong
1:04:10ibig sabihin? Okay.
1:04:13ba sa algebra. Ano bang ginagawa mo sa
1:04:15Alchbra pag may ganyang ano ah
1:04:18symbolism? Anong rules natin?
1:04:24Okay ayan. So we distribute no? Yan. So
1:04:29technically ito daw no ito no. So
1:04:33lumalabas diyan may dalawa ka talagang
1:04:36nitrogen at meron kang anim na oxygen
1:04:41no.
1:04:42Okay. Bakit? Ba't kailangan ng ganito?
1:04:44Ano? Okay. Kasi ang calcium natin is
1:04:49okay 2 plus yan. Tapos each of these no?
1:04:54Okay. Nitrate is
1:04:58negative charge no? - 1
1:05:01or 1 minus no? Ayan. So ibig sabihin no
1:05:06parautralize
1:05:08'yung 2 plus tinapatan siya ng dalawang
1:05:13nitrate. Okay na may negative charge.
1:05:16[sumisingasing]
1:05:17Okay. So kung may
1:05:19Nano NO3
1:05:22minus no at ito ay dalawa no so ito ay
1:05:282- so 2 plus
1:05:332- no so yan ay zero no stable stable na
1:05:39siya no o yun yung reason no kaya now ah
1:05:43depicting that no
1:05:46like this no ganon doun siya pinapakita.
1:05:48Ito yung calcium.
1:05:50Okay? Ito yung nitrates. Okay.
1:05:55Ayan. So may open and close parenthesis
1:05:58no. Yan. T's ung subscript pinapakita
1:06:01kung ilan nito sa yung nasa loob no.
1:06:11Sige ito. Ay hindi na pala. Sige ano
1:06:14inano ko na ha guys. Skip ko na to ha.
1:06:17Ayan. So, how many elements each in
1:06:21K3PO? Ayan na po pinakita na. Okay.
1:06:25Magnesium hydroxide. Ito. Ayan.
1:06:30O. Sige nga. Basa tayo. O basa basa
1:06:33tuloy. O, type niyo na lang kung anong
1:06:35name nitong mga 'to.
1:06:38What about this one? Okay, correct.
1:06:42Sodium chloride. Ito ito
1:06:45type na lang. Type na lang.
1:06:49Ah magnesium oxide.
1:06:53Ito to to yung ba is ano 'di ba? Ano
1:06:57baan ano ba yan? Barium. Okay. Nitrate.
1:07:00Correct.
1:07:03What about this one?
1:07:06Yun. Correct. Ethanol. Okay. Kasi
1:07:10dalawang carbon eh. No'no? So ayan.
1:07:15Ayan. Okay. Ta's may oxygen.
1:07:20So alcoholic siya.
1:07:23Okay
1:07:26yan. composition
1:07:28uh of compounds no' uh a particular
1:07:32compound contains same element in same
1:07:37proportions by mass no matter what the
1:07:40origin. So saan pa man siya galing kapag
1:07:42water no yung water is parating ganito
1:07:46ang kanyang no elemental composition
1:07:50yan.
1:07:52So ganun din no pag H2O2 ito lagi. No
1:07:57ayan.
1:08:03Okay. Now, uh bakit ganon no? Bakit
1:08:07hindi pwedeng mabago? No, kasi it's a
1:08:10law law of definite composition
1:08:14stating that a compound
1:08:17always contain two or more elements
1:08:19chemically combined in a definite
1:08:23proportion by mass. So ibig sabihin
1:08:27ito no na bumubuo sa water no yung 11.2%
1:08:32of hydrogen and 88.8% 8%
1:08:36of oxygen will always be no the
1:08:40composition or percentage no composition
1:08:43of
1:08:45water hindi siya magbabago no and kahit
1:08:49saang
1:08:51planet or part of the universe ka
1:08:53pumunta water will always be like this
1:08:56kaya siya ay isang law
1:09:00ba naalala nung binanggit natin yung
1:09:03theories versus
1:09:05law ba
1:09:07anong meron sa law
1:09:10can be the bank or not
1:09:13' ba yung law um it's the existing no ah
1:09:19law or nature of the universe no ayan
1:09:24okay
1:09:27okay now another law kanina no law of
1:09:30definite composition now we have law of
1:09:34multiple proportion states that atoms of
1:09:39two or more elements may combine in
1:09:41different ratios to produce more than
1:09:44one compound. Okay. So pwede daw maiba
1:09:48'no?
1:09:50So
1:09:51'yan for example 'no?
1:09:54Copper one no' ah chloride, copper two
1:09:59chloride no? Ito so iba 'yung kanilang
1:10:03ah percent composition. Therefore, there
1:10:07are other uh their changes or magkaiba
1:10:10yung kanilang um property no. Yan. So
1:10:14ganun din no. methane
1:10:17octane noyan
1:10:21tapos
1:10:24okay um
1:10:27methyl alcohol ethyl no ayan t's glucose
1:10:33no
1:10:39okay ah laws and theories no law is a
1:10:43summary of observed behavior
1:10:46theory or model is an attempt to explain
1:10:50the observed behavior. So that's the end
1:10:54of this uh
1:10:57chapter. Okay. Ito yung mga discuss
1:11:01natin. Okay. Copyright. Ayan questions
1:11:06so far class. May questions ba?
1:11:10Clarif
1:11:16clarification guys meron.
1:11:21Malinaw.
1:11:23What time tayo mag-queiz? Teka,
1:11:26wait lang. Wait lang. Let me just
1:11:28unshare and stop the recording. Okay?
1:11:30Para yung recording natin is doun lang
1:11:32talaga sa topic. M.

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