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Chemistry Lecture 10 For General Chemistry and InOrganic Chemistry — Transcript

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0:01Chapter 10, modern atomic theory and the
0:05periodic table. No okay
0:11so this is the introduction uh slide. So
0:14as you can see no what we're seeing here
0:17is uh fireworks no. Okay. So, results
0:22from electron transfer between energy
0:25levels of atoms, no?
0:30Okay. So, yung mga materials class, they
0:32can produce no light or fluorescence
0:37no if the electrons are moving from its
0:40ground state to an excitation state, no?
0:44Tapos pabalik ulit sa ground state.
0:47Okay. So yun yung yun yung pinapakita
0:49no. pwede siyang mag-produce ng
0:51fluorescence or ng light.
0:54Okay? So in this particular chapter uh
0:57we will uh tackle it. Okay.
1:02Ayan. So these are the uh chapter
1:06outline. Ito po iyung ano mga topics.
1:10Okay. So electromagnetic radiation,
1:14borce model or atom, energy levels of
1:18electrons, atomic structure of the first
1:2118 elements, and then electron
1:24structures,
1:25no and the periodic table. So ah do you
1:29recall no iyung tinatawag na electron
1:31configuration?
1:33Yan ginawa niyo ba yun nung high school
1:35with your genem
1:37'di ba? Electron configuration yung 1s2
1:422s2 ayun 2p6 and so on no? Ayun. So yung
1:49electron configuration, it's just
1:51showing you how the electrons are
1:55configured or placed no sa outer shell
1:58ng isang atom no. Ganun lang siya.
2:02Ayan.
2:05So sige
2:08yan. Electromagnetic radiation. A form
2:11of energy trans a continuum from radio
2:15to x-rays no visible light to
2:19microwaves. No each form of radiation
2:22shares common characteristics.
2:25They display wavelike properties and
2:27travel at the same speed. Okay?
2:31So ito daw iyung mga variables no? So
2:34wavelength ito yung symbol niya.
2:39Okay. This symbol is called lamb
2:43lambda.
2:45Yan.
2:47Okay. And then ito naman symbol for
2:50frequency.
2:52Okay. So
2:55yung wavelength is the distance between
3:00okay picks
3:02or it can also be traft. Yun nasa ilalim
3:05no ng isang wave.
3:08Okay. And then uh frequency, number of
3:10times
3:12a wave passes through
3:15certain point per second, no? So kung
3:19ilang um
3:22ah picks yung nagagawa niya no per
3:25second.
3:27Okay.
3:31And then another speed, how fast a wave
3:35moves through space, no? Yan. So ito
3:38yung itsura ng ating wave. Ayan.
3:43So ito tinatawag nating
3:48picks.
3:49Ayan.
3:53Another pick. No? So yung dalawang yan
3:56[nililinis ang lalamunan] itong dalawang
3:57'to.
3:59Okay. Um if you draw a line, okay so
4:03yung distance
4:08between them.
4:11Okay? So ito yung tinatawag nating
4:14wavelength.
4:16Okay.
4:18Now, itong distance na to class ay equal
4:23dito sa distance na to.
4:26Ito naman ang pinagbasihan natin dito is
4:28yung draft. Yan.
4:33So, another draft.
4:35Okay.
4:37So,
4:38pwede mo ring i-base yung wavelength mo
4:42no?
4:43Okay. Between uh two drafts, no? Ayan.
4:47So, equal lang yung distance nila, no?
4:49So, same lang ng wavelength.
4:52Ayan.
4:54Okay.
5:01Okay. Now, uh this is the
5:04electromagnetic
5:05spectrum. Okay. So,
5:10ah papunta dito, teka draw ako ng arrow
5:13ha.
5:15Papunta dito, the
5:18wavelength gets
5:21shorter.
5:25Okay. So paikli daw ng paikli yung wave
5:28length no from halimbawa microwave
5:32papunta kay gamma race no? Okay. Now
5:39racer
5:41kapag papunta
5:44dito no the wavelength gets long teka
5:50longer.
5:52Yan.
5:54Okay.
5:56Now, ang sabi dito, electromagnetic
6:00radiation has both no wavelike
6:05particle properties. Okay. So, yung um
6:13radiations natin no, they move like a
6:16wave.
6:19Yan.
6:20and
6:22yet they are
6:24particulate
6:26in nature no so ibig sabihin
6:30no meron po siyang
6:37particle form no ayan
6:42now this tiny particl
6:45okay this tiny pockets or particles of
6:48energy
6:49is what we call photons.
6:54Okay. Now, photon is the
6:59particle for
7:01light. Okay.
7:05Ayan.
7:07nasundan po ba?
7:12Nasundan ba class? Sige.
7:15Okay. So, basically yung pinag-aaralan
7:17natin is yung ah frequencies, light, no?
7:23Okay. So traditions no? Sige nga. Ah
7:30ano ba yung mga frequencies na madalas
7:33nating ma-encounter sa araw-araw nating
7:35pamumuhay? Okay?
7:38For example, ito radio waves. Sige nga.
7:41Do you know a radio station? You type
7:45your own radio station.
7:48O sige
7:50I'll count it as recitation.
7:54'Yung ano ha yung legit na ano ha legit
7:56na radio station. O ayan 97.5 monster
8:00totoo yan DZRM
8:04parang napakinggan ko na wish 101.5
8:08tama
8:10ah DZB ayan alam ko yan [tawanan]
8:15oh ano pa W yun lang Love radio 90.7 S
8:20correct now class sige okay na siguro
8:23ayan mor
8:25ito yung mor ito yung may mga ano ' ba
8:27yung
8:29may mga kwento
8:32dear mor yung mga ano tungkol sa ano
8:36ito barangay ls sa ano sa mga FX easy
8:40rock
8:43okay plus okay sige anong napansin niyo
8:47sa pangalan nila
8:48Ano 'yung nilalagay nila dun sa ano
8:52nila? Ayun. Correct. Correct. May mga
8:55numbers. Tama. Tama. Ano ano yung mga
8:58numbers na yun? Yun yung exact frequency
9:03where they play.
9:06Okay. So yung mga yun kilherzo,
9:10yung mga yun, yung mga frequency na yon
9:14if they play
9:16tapos magfo-flow yun sa atmosphere sa
9:20air, yun yung tinatawag na e-ere. Nasa
9:23ere na kayo or yung tinatawag nilang
9:27teka teka wait lang. May nakalagay sa sa
9:29studio nila na on
9:33air. Napansin niyo 'yun?
9:36Yan. Okay. Correct. Nakalagay ' ba on
9:38air. Ang ibig sabihin ah umeere na sila
9:42or sila ay naririnig na sa himapawid no?
9:47Okay. Ngayon
9:49tayo para ma-receive natin yung ine-air
9:52nila, we connect.
9:55So co-connect tayo saan? Dun sa parehong
10:00frequency.
10:02Gets po ba? Okay. So nagbo-broadcast
10:05sila. Okay. So they do play or broad
10:11broadcast tapos tayo we receive or
10:15connect. No? Ayun. So may pang-broadcast
10:18sila na tool no. Hindi ko lang alam
10:20'yung specification kung papaano nila
10:22ginagawa. Exactly no'. Ayun t's tayo
10:24naman ang yung radyo natin be it sa
10:27cellphone or sa
10:29um yung radyo talaga na conventional no
10:33yun we can receive ah their message no
10:37ayan so sobrang ano sobrang
10:42ah revolutionary nito no technology na
10:46to why no kasi even during uh world wars
10:51ginagamit na yung mga ratio frequencies,
10:54no? Ayun. Yun nga lang plus ah pag
10:58nag-broadcast sila lahat ng co-connect
11:01dun sa frequency na yon people would
11:04hear about it. Tama. Okay. Ngayon um fun
11:10fact lang no during
11:12wars gumagamit sila ng
11:17Okay yan code. Ayan
11:21[tawanan][sumisinghap] correct no? So
11:23imagine no yung yung paggamit ng code
11:27it's actually psychology plus yung
11:29paggamit ng code no'no? Ayun na o ito
11:33pag sinabi kong ganito ito ang ibig
11:35sabihin ' ba ung mga ganon.
11:37Okay. They use code or yan mor code one
11:40example no. Okay.
11:45Okay. So ibig sabihin no up until now we
11:49still encounter no yang
11:52radio waves no in our environment. Now,
11:56the next question is,
11:59are radio waves no dangerous?
12:05Masama ba ang radio wave sa health natin
12:08kapag nae-expose tayo?
12:11No, so short answer, teka. Short answer
12:15is no.
12:17Why no? Okay.
12:24Yung energy po
12:27in this uh from visible papunta rito
12:31cannot pass through the cells. Hindi
12:34sila pwedeng pumasok sa cells and they
12:36cannot alter the DNA.
12:40'Yun. Ito totoo. Ito yung tamang ano
12:42ayan mas ah
12:44scientific no na terminology. Those
12:48radiations are not ionizing. Okay?
12:54So safe tayo diyan no.
12:57Now alin yung mga dangerous no na forms
13:01of the frequency that hindi tayo dapat
13:04lagi na nae-expose? Okay sila.
13:09Ayan.
13:11Okay.
13:13So ang nakikita niyo sa banda rito,
13:15okay, is the UV, ultraviolet,
13:20xray
13:22and gamma race. Ba?
13:26Okay.
13:29Ayun. Plus uh
13:32ayan. So
13:36okay itong UV we can uh
13:40get this from
13:42sun no however this should be limited
13:47lang no you don't go yung tanghaling
13:50tapat magbibilad ka lagi no so delikado
13:54yun no okay um
13:58ito naman xray we do this to observe na
14:02yung ah structure ng bones ' ba yun? So
14:06nagpapa-exray tayo if ah kailangan for
14:10example um checkups no or APE annual no
14:15physical examination.
14:18Okay? Ayan.
14:21Tapos yung gamma race ito naman ah ang
14:24ano ang madalas nito ano sa cosmic na to
14:26outer space no? Ayan.
14:29Okay. Now, meron pa bang iba na
14:33electromagnetic frequencies that we
14:35encounter? Ayan, ito.
14:38Microwaves.
14:40Ayan. So, sino sa inyo nakagamit na ng
14:42microwave, no? So, most likely lahat
14:45tayo no nakakita na or nakagamit na ng
14:48microwave, no? Ayan. So, yung
14:52microwaves, we use this to heat up no
14:55yung food natin. Ayan.
15:00Okay.
15:01Ayan. And then um some uses this no for
15:05energy transfer sa science. Okay. Ano pa
15:09ba now?
15:11Itong infrared microwave, radio waves,
15:15ultraviolet, xrays and gamma rays ano we
15:19don't see them. You cannot uh see them
15:23no. Okay. Now,
15:27what we see is the visible light. Ayan.
15:33Okay. So,
15:36the shortest wavelength we could see,
15:39okay, they are colored
15:42blue. Teka. Parang ang pangit isulat na
15:44red yung pansulat ko. T's blue yung bird
15:47no.
15:53Ayan. So
15:57colored blue no? While uh shortest the
16:03longest wavelength we could see
16:06are
16:09colored red, no?
16:17Okay. Ayan.
16:18naunawaan class no?
16:22Okay. Aside from microwave ah meron din
16:25tayo no yung mga um telecom signals. Ano
16:30ba yung mga telecom signals? Okay.
16:32Naabutan niyo ba yung ano 3G?
16:35Yan. Ito gumagamit pa siguro kayo nito
16:384G
16:40or
16:42LTE at saka yung tinatawag na 5G. Okay.
16:48Ayan. Saan niyo normally na-encounter
16:50to? Last. Ayan.
16:54Okay. 'Di ba sa mga mobile
16:58phones? Tama no? Ayan. Data load. Ayan
17:03no.
17:04Okay. So these are uh
17:09no telecom frequencies that we use.
17:13Ngayon ah yung data transfer no. So ito
17:17itong mga frequency na to this can carry
17:23data.
17:24Yan. So for example, magse-send po kayo
17:27ng ah pictures, no? Let's say messenger.
17:32So yung picture na yun
17:34no, ipa-package siya nung application
17:37para daanin sa application. Pero bago
17:39yun makatawid, no? Papunta roon sa
17:42pagse-sendan mo na servers or data
17:46centers,
17:47no? Kakargahin 'yun nung ano nung
17:49frequency papunta roon no' ganun. So
17:53kung wala kang signal, wala kang uh
17:56tawag dito no ah hindi connected 'yung
17:59phone mo on this particular frequency
18:02no. Ayan so hindi makakatawid yung data
18:05mo no. Ayun.
18:08Okay po. Ayan. So all of these are
18:11possible because of this discoveriesung
18:14sa electromagnetic spectrum no.
18:18Ayan. May questions ba? So far may
18:21tanong kayo? Ayan. So napakarami nilang
18:25ano ano? Napakaraming applications.
18:28Ayan.
18:31Okay. Sige let's move on.
18:34Teka.
18:37Ay wait lang class ha. May tinata.
18:48Ayan. Okay. Now, uh borce atom no at
18:52high temperature, teka may sinasabi
18:54rito. At high temperature or when high
18:58voltages are applied, elements
19:03radiate
19:04or emits
19:06colored light. Okay. So yung sinasabi
19:10dito class no.
19:13Okay. Yung bawat element daw they can
19:15emit or reject colored lights. No.
19:22Okay. When this light is passed through
19:26a prism,
19:28a set of brightly colored lines are
19:31produced.
19:33Ayan. This lines are this line spectra
19:38indicate that light emitted has only
19:41specific
19:42wavelength. Okay? So class ang sinasabi
19:46dito no ayan yung bawat light daw no
19:52they have a signature or specific
19:57nonchanging no wavelength. Okay. For
20:01example, if you want green color, no,
20:06the wavelength no is near 486
20:11nanometers. No, by the way, yung
20:14wavelength natin we particularly yung
20:16ano visible visible light
20:21we calculate them in nanometers.
20:25Okay.
20:32So, borce atom. Okay. How can these
20:35experimental results be explained? No,
20:37from his study of the line spectrum of
20:40hydrogen, Boris proposed a revised
20:42theory of atom. Bor suggested electrons
20:46in specific regions are defined at
20:51defined distance from the nucleus. No.
20:53Okay. The electrons that move about the
20:56nucleus in circular orbit at a fixed
20:59distance from the nucleus. No? So, okay
21:03ah with bor idea no. Okay. Doon papasok
21:07na yun palang um ating electrons can
21:12have no multiple
21:16layers okay,
21:19or different possible orbits.
21:24Ayan. So if you look doun sa ating ano
21:27solar system parang ganon no iyung
21:30planets are arranged no in ah its own
21:34orbit may kanya-kanyang pag ah ikot no
21:39or paggalaw no sa kani-kanilang mga
21:41lugar ganun siya no ayan
21:46okay so papano nagpo-produce ng light no
21:49okay so may tinatawag po tayong ground
21:54state yung sinasabi ko kanina and then
21:57may tinatawag po tayong excited
22:01state. Okay teka.
22:06Ayan kapag yung electron no ah you you
22:12apply heat
22:14or nag-apply ka ng electricity
22:17electricity.
22:19Okay. Ang mangyayari po
22:23no, yun pong electron natin from this
22:25orbit,
22:27okay? Lilipat po siya from ground.
22:30Lilipat siya papunta sa excited.
22:34Then
22:36pag tapos na yung excitation at bumalik
22:39na po siya sa ground state, okay, it
22:44will produce
22:47photon. No? So ito magkakaroon ka na ng
22:51light.
22:52Okay yan.
22:57Okay po.
22:59Ngayon ah class no ang bawat element no.
23:05So yung bawat element,
23:10okay, iba-iba ang kanilang ground
23:15ground state at iba-iba rin yung
23:18kanilang
23:21excited
23:23state. Kaya mapapansin ninyo class dun
23:26sa fireworks no'no.
23:28Nakaka yung mga gumagawa ng firecracker
23:31no? Um
23:34iba-iba yung colors na kaya nilang
23:36ma-produce no? Kasi they also studied
23:38chemistry
23:40no nung ah paggawa ng fireworks no. So
23:45for example no, kapagka may copper doon
23:49sa fireworks it would produce green
23:52color no? Tapos kapag may potassium it
23:56would produce purple colors. No ayun. So
23:59ganon. Um ito yung nilalaro nila no yung
24:05pagka yung ground state going to excited
24:08and then pabalik sa ground it would
24:09produce light. Okay? Ayun.
24:17Okay. So,
24:20bore also suggests energy absorbed or
24:22emitted by an atom is one
24:26or has discrete fixed units. No,
24:32bore proposed that electrons can orbit
24:35the nucleus at different distances. So
24:39ito iyung sinasabi no. Ground
24:42excited one excited 2. No each orbit is
24:50a distinct
24:52discrete quantize energy level. Ayan na.
24:57So doon papasok yung concept ng energy
24:59level. So ito yung first energy level,
25:03second energy level, third energy level.
25:07Uh kung naalala niyo 'yung ano, kung
25:10naalala nyo po 'yung
25:12um
25:14electron configuration, 'di ba nakalagay
25:16don? 1 S 2
25:202 S2
25:232 P6
25:263S2
25:29Okay. Ilang energy level ang meron tayo?
25:32Last. Sige nga. Recall nga. P naalala
25:36pa.
25:40Oh, saan ba 'yung energy level diyan?
25:46Sige nga class.
25:50Ah, okay. Ito no ganito class. Yung
25:54bawat ano, sige ano tayo review lang
25:56tayo yung bawat numero.
26:02Yan. So we have actually no three energy
26:06levels. Ayan ah ano 'tong mga 'to no
26:10these are shells no. So ang sinasabi
26:13lang dito sa first energy level ang
26:16meron ka lang ay S.
26:19Yan. Sa second energy level you have S
26:23and P no? Yan sa second. Now sa third
26:28ang though ang pinakita ko lang ay ano S
26:33it can have
26:35uh P no and possibly meron siyang D no
26:39so SPD
26:42F no hanggang F
26:45teka ayan
26:48okay
26:50okay so ung pung sinasabi ni Bore no'no
26:52mayon daw pong energy levels when an
26:56atom
26:58No absorbs energy. The electron can be
27:01promoted to higher energy levels. So
27:05kaya siya lumilipat no from ground
27:07paakyat sa excited no. The electrons are
27:13promoted. Ayan.
27:16Okay. Sige.
27:18Ayan. And then when an atom emits
27:21energy, the electrons can decay, no? So
27:24pag naglabas naman siya ng energy, iyung
27:26atom,
27:28yung energy yung ah electrons babalik
27:30siya sa lower energy level, no? So pag
27:35mataas ang energy,
27:38okay, excited? Pag mababa,
27:43okay, ayan na ah, fluorescence no?
27:48Magpo-produce na ng light or energy no?
27:50Emit na siya.
27:53Okay.
27:56Ayan. So ground state
28:00ay lumipat.
28:02Teka. So ground state it is the lowest
28:06energy level for an atom.
28:11Each line in the spectrum corresponds to
28:15the emission of energy as an electron
28:18relaxes from higher to lower energy
28:21level. Okay. Color of light emitted
28:25depends on the gap no uh between the
28:29energy level. Teka, balik tayo. Pakita
28:32ko lang.
28:36Okay.
28:49Ayan. Class. Ah ganito.
28:52Napansin niyo meron tayong dalawang
28:54excited state sa picture na to.
28:58Okay. So from this point, sige lagyan ko
29:01ng A
29:03B
29:04C.
29:06Okay. If it is from B down to A.
29:13Okay. So pwedeng ang light niya,
29:16light na ma-produce niya is let's say
29:19mababa lang, no? So red. Ayan. Then
29:23let's say from point.
29:26Okay. C
29:29to A yung klase ng light na pwede niyang
29:32ma-produce. Let's say
29:35no yung na-produce niya is uh green.
29:39Ayan.
29:41Okay. So depende sa distansya ng ground
29:46and yung pinanggalingan na
29:49excited state no. The more na mas malayo
29:54no yung pinanggalingan pabalik sa ground
29:57no'. So alam naman natin na mas malayo
30:00ang C kaya sa B. Tama. Okay. So the more
30:06na mas malayo yung pinanggalingan na
30:09excited pabalik
30:11sa ground, the higher the energy, no?
30:17And yung energy corresponds to the
30:21frequency.
30:23Okay.
30:25Ayan. Nasundan po ba ngayon? Isa pa no?
30:31Teka pakita ko to.
30:35Okay.
30:38Okay. Class.
30:40Um
30:42yan ba pagka nagluluto tayo. Okay. Yung
30:47flame
30:49kapagka malakas yung apoy the color is
30:54blue. Ayan.
30:59Ayan. And then, and then
31:01[nililinis ang lalamunan]
31:04'ag mahina 'yung flame, the color would
31:07be uh red or
31:12orange. Napansin niyo ba? Ayan.
31:16So, yung weak flame is blue, ay sorry,
31:19sorry. Yung strong flame is blue, the
31:21weak flame is red or orange. No, ayun.
31:27So the same logic
31:30applies no
31:33okay to this
31:37okay idea no to this science ayan yung
31:39kay bors no yan the same logic applies
31:45tandaan ha pag mas malayo ang distansya
31:47nung um
31:50ground state dun sa kanyang excite
31:54excited
31:56excited state no? So mas malakas yung
32:00energy. So yun mas ah papunta sa blue
32:05yung color niya no. Kapag ka mas malapit
32:09yung distansya ng ground at excited no?
32:13Mas malapit yung color ng light sa red
32:17kasi mas mahina no. Ayun. So ganun. So
32:21nagbabago iyung color nae-emit base noun
32:25sa gap
32:28ano na difference no nung sa electron
32:31yyung ground and excited. Okay.
32:36Ayan. So bors theory broke down no in m
32:42in in multi electron system noan.
32:47So okayan
32:52so
32:54another concept no the dual
32:58particle wave like nature of matter no
33:02so in 1924
33:06how do i pronounce this [tawanan]
33:08debroily okay a French chemist
33:12okay proposed matter could be treated as
33:16either a wave
33:18or a particle.
33:21For large objects,
33:24the wave properties are negligible
33:27due to their very small wavelength. Plus
33:31ang gustong sabihin dito no
33:35ah ni Broy no lahat daw ng nakikita
33:39natin na bagay
33:41na atoms lahat ng material na nakikita
33:44natin and even our body no they have a
33:49wave no and a particle nature.
33:56So ibig sabihin tayo po ay may frequency
33:59at tayo may energy and then tayo ay may
34:03mass no waves no ah
34:09points no towards
34:13g and then particle
34:15no points towards mass
34:20or
34:23material
34:24No. So ibig sabihin class, iyung reality
34:27natin, we're not only made of matter or
34:31mass but we are also made of energy, no?
34:36So yun yung reality. Ah energetic yung
34:39universe natin, no? Ayun.
34:43So ibig sabihin ba, sir, energy is
34:46roaming no? All around us. Ah yes, no?
34:51Ayun.
34:53In fact, we're living in an energetic
34:56universe. Yun yung gustong sabihin ni
34:57Broy, no? Ayan.
35:01So,
35:02okay. For smaller object with less mass,
35:07no? Ayan. So, like an electron, no, the
35:13wave like properties of matter become
35:17more
35:19important.
35:21Okay. So ganito. Last ag mas mataas yung
35:25mass,
35:27okay? Yung property niya as wave becomes
35:31negligible.
35:33Okay? Pag mas mababa
35:36yung mass, yung property niya as wave
35:40becomes more noticeable or important.
35:45nasundan ba class? Okay.
35:49So tandaan class ha ung bawat matter no
35:53tayo yung nakikita natin sa paligid no
35:57sa environment no.
36:00Okay, it has particulate and wave
36:04nature. Okay.
36:09Okay. So, sino pang scientist ang
36:12pwedeng mag-link ng energy sa matter?
36:17Sige nga, meron ba kayong alam na
36:19equation na kasali pareho yung energy
36:23and matter? Sige nga.
36:28Sikat na scientist yun.
36:30Lahat kayo kilala niyo.
36:34Ni-link niya ang energy
36:38sa matter. Correct. It was Albert
36:42Einstein. Yum. Okay. It was Albert
36:45Einstein. No. Ayan. Okay. Sige nga. Ano
36:48yung equation ni Albert Einstein? Ayan.
36:52Kung naalala ninyo, sikat na ano yun
36:55sikat na na equation yun. Pa-type naman
36:58ano yung equation na yon. E is equ to
37:03M C S na ang ibig sabihin sige nga. Ano
37:08ba ibig sabihin ng E?
37:11Andrew E. Andrew E. Ano ba ibig sabihin?
37:14E E stands for energy. M. Okay.
37:18Correcto. Si Sino mga nag-type ng
37:20energy? Teka. 'Yung nag-type ng equation
37:23si Miss Lucila,
37:26Jasmine,
37:29si Ashley sa energy, si Kristin sa
37:32energy ulit.
37:34Okay. Ang ibig sabihin ng M ay mass. No
37:36yan.
37:38Okay eh. Anong ibig sabihin ng C squed?
37:41Okay, correct. Bangkit. Babanggitin ko
37:44pa lang. Ayan. So ang correct po, ang
37:46ibig sabihin ng C squed is the speed of
37:50light. Plus, the next question is
37:55no medyo physics na 'to ha.
38:01Okay. So ang sabi diyan no, if
38:05a matter would travel
38:08a speed of light no MC squ ayan it can
38:13produce energy.
38:16No ayan. Alam niyo ba class na itong
38:19equation na 'to ang naging dahilan paano
38:23tayo nakapag-produce ng
38:26atomic
38:29bomb
38:31no? Ayan
38:34yan equation na yan kung napanood niyo
38:37yung movie na ano na yan correct galing.
38:41Tama tama yung sinabi ni John Lerry no.
38:45Kung napanood niyo yung movie na
38:46Oppenheimer yung kay Can Murphy
38:50mas maunawaan niyo yung ano history no
38:53ng ah development no ng atomic bomb no.
38:58O sige nga history tayo. Anong dalawang
39:01city ang unang
39:03ginamitan ng atomic bomb? Sige nga
39:07history. [tawanan]
39:09[sumisinghap]
39:10Okay. Ayun. So yung country is Japan.
39:13Tama ah. 'Yung city ay
39:17y'yan Nagasaki at saka Hiroshima no'no?
39:21Yan.
39:23Okay. Okay lang. Okay lang. Nabanggit mo
39:25naman 'yung country no? Yan. So it was
39:28Japan no who
39:31ah experience no yung ano talaga ha yung
39:35talagang sa population 39 no. Ayun. So
39:37maraming marami po ano ng namatay no
39:41doun sa pagbagsak ng nuclear bomb no.
39:44Ayan.
39:48Okay. Ayan. So balik tayo dito.
39:52Shrodinger in 1926
39:55expanded the wavelike property of matter
39:58by developing an equation describe
40:02to describe electrons as wave. No,
40:08this theory na no because of shrodinger
40:12we now have what we call quantum
40:17mechanics. Ayan. So kung mapapansin
40:21ninyo no yung quantum mechanics or the
40:24word quantum madalas po ninyo to marinig
40:27no?
40:28Ayan. So ang ibig sabihin lang nito is
40:31the realm of the small things.
40:34Okay? Kung napanood niyo yung ano Okay.
40:37Yung movie 'di ba? Yung ah Marvel
40:41Cinematic no universe, yung sa comics,
40:45'di ba?
40:47Umm
40:49yung Avengers End Game kung napanood
40:51niyo 'di ba? Yan even 'yung AntMan. Yan.
40:54Correct. 'Yung sa AntMan. Okay ' ba may
40:58word doon na quantumania no they went to
41:02quantum realm no yung mundo daw ng
41:04maliliit na bagay okay tapos may pocket
41:07universe daw doon ano ganun yung pagkaka
41:11kwento nila no so iba yung rules doon sa
41:15ano sa quantum realm kung napansin niyo
41:18ah ginamit din nila yun to time travel
41:21'di ba kasi iba yung flow nung time sa
41:24quantum realm no'no
41:26Ayun yan correct sa ano din interstellar
41:30din no yung na nalagay siya sa black
41:34hole no kung na tama ba black hole ba
41:36yun hindi ko na ma-recall masyado
41:39' ba napunta siya doon na-shoot siya sa
41:41black hole
41:43yun so
41:45yun do doon nagkaroon ng ano ng quantum
41:47mechanics no with this uh scientist kish
41:51rodiger no so may quantum uh physics
41:55Quantum chemistry,
41:58no? Quantum math dami ng naging science
42:01because of this no? Ayan. And take note
42:05class, itong siensya na to, itong
42:08science na to ay 19
42:1226 lang. So ibig sabihin
42:16ngayon sa panahon natin no 100 years
42:22tama ba? 100 years have passed
42:27' ba so siya ay isang bata pa science or
42:31young pa yung science no so imagine in
42:35200 years ano pa yung pwede nilang
42:37ma-discover 'no. 'yun in fact may mga
42:41article no that are telling
42:44no uh scientists are trying to do
42:50ito no
42:52imagine niyo 'to 'di ba nabasa niyo
42:55'tong word na 'to
42:58o nababasa niyo ba 'to ano ba ibig
43:00sabihin nito
43:03okay
43:06imagine may may mga scientist na
43:07nagta-try no to to teleportation.
43:12Kayo ba class? Narinig niyo na ba yung
43:13teleportation
43:15na word?
43:17'Di ba? So ano bang meron kapagka
43:20teleport? 'Di ba? Isipin mo [tawanan]
43:22parang ano no sci-fi no? Sci-fi pa sa
43:25panahon natin no? Kasi
43:28ah paano mangyayari 'yun? Parang ang
43:30hirap non ano ' ba. Imagine 'yung isang
43:32bagay no in an instant no it will be
43:35transferred from one no'.
43:38to another ba ito tama to traveling
43:42instantly from one place to another no
43:45yan
43:49o imagine
43:51okay
43:53possible daw po in physics no term pero
43:56in mechanical
44:02oo ayan so oo sa mechanical nga daw
44:07Okay.
44:09Imagine hindi ka na male-late. [tawanan]
44:13Okay? [sumisinghap] So hindi ka
44:15nagagamit ng ano no ng
44:18physical transp transport transportation
44:20no? Ayan.
44:22Pero yan hindi pa siguro possible no in
44:26our time no in our current technology.
44:29Okay?
44:31Ayan. So sige let's move forward no.
44:34Okay. So naintindihan po ito no onong
44:36part na 'to. Medyo marami kasing words
44:39no kaya hindi ko
44:41ah ibig ko sabihin kaya ko siya
44:42ine-explain thorally no. Yan no. So
44:46basically yung sinasabi lang dito class
44:48no yung pinakaessence nitong part na to
44:51is ang bawat bagay daw ay may energy at
44:55merong mass no nakatumbas. Okay.
45:00Okay. So, orbitals,
45:03quantum mechanics uh deal with electron
45:07probabilities.
45:09Orbits from Bor's theory are replaced by
45:12orbitals.
45:14Orbitals are regions of space with high
45:18probability of finding an electron. So,
45:21ito na po yung itsura ng ating
45:26atom. Ganito na po siya.
45:28Yan ang pagkakadepict natin ha or
45:31pagkaka
45:33unawa natin. So hindi na siya plump
45:35pudding. Hindi na siya billiard ball
45:38no. Hindi na siya yung kagaya kay Borse
45:41no. So we now have the idea that it is a
45:45cloud of electron no yun. So para na
45:49siyang ano ah
45:53scattered particles no yung electrons d
45:56sa atom no.
45:58Ayan.
46:00Okay.
46:05Okay. Uh Bor's idea of quantized energy
46:09level does have parallels no in quantum
46:12mechanics. Ayan. For example, quantum
46:16mechanics, okay? Predicts discrete
46:20quantized principal energy for
46:24electrons in an atom. Yan na. So yung
46:26tinatawag nating energy level, ito iyun
46:28iyung 1
46:312
46:323 4 ' ba yung sinasabi nating 1s
46:382s 2p
46:413s
46:42no 3p and so on no and vice versa no
46:47kung anong paan okay
46:49now ah those itong mga numbers na 'to
46:53nakikita niyo okay We call them
46:57principal energy levels or energy
46:59levels. No, they tell us no, the
47:03distance no of an electron from the
47:07nucleus. So ibig sabihin the more na ah
47:12mas mataas yung energy level the more na
47:15mas malayo doon sa
47:19nucleus.
47:21Okay. Lalabas po yun sa ano niyo ha sa
47:24midterm yung question na yun. The more
47:26na mas malayo
47:28or mas mataas yung energy level, mas
47:30malayo po sa nucleus, no? Ayan.
47:35Okay. And then we have
47:38ayan.
47:42Okay. Teka. Each energy level can be
47:46divided into sublevels.
47:49Okay? So meron ka ng ano, meron ka ng 1
47:522 3 4 no? Yun. So ang tawag natin sa mga
47:58whole na to is energy
48:04level or
48:07principal
48:09energy level. Now,
48:12okay, may tinatawag din tayong
48:15sublevels, okay? Correspond to different
48:18types of orbitals that can house
48:21electrons. Ayan.
48:24Okay.
48:26Principal quantum level 1 contains only
48:29one sublevel. So, yung one daw isa lang
48:34ang kanyang sublevel. Yun yung S. Teka.
48:38Ibahin ko yung kulay.
48:43So ito
48:46print
48:49principal ito naman
48:52sub
48:54level. Okay
48:58ayan now the orbital is spherical in
49:03nature as are all S orbital. No, ito
49:07yung itsura ng S orbital natin.
49:11Okay.
49:14The orbital is a space where an electron
49:18has 90% probability of being located. So
49:22ibig sabihin in this space there's 90%
49:29chance for you no to locate an electron.
49:33Teka lang. Napansin niyo bakit
49:35probability?
49:38Hindi ba nagi-stay ang electron sa kung
49:40saang lugar lang siya nandoon?
49:43No. So ang sagot kasi ay hindi no? So it
49:48constantly moves no from one point to
49:52another. And take note, no it travels at
49:55speed of light.
49:58Masyado siyang mabilis.
50:00Okay.
50:01Ayan.
50:07Teka, parang nag-jump yung slide. Ayan.
50:09Now, uh
50:11how many electrons can fit an orbital?
50:15Now, uh we have what we call the poly
50:18exclusion principle. No,
50:22an atomic orbital can hold two electrons
50:28which must have opposite spin. Electrons
50:33or electron spin is represented by
50:36arrow. Okay. Plus for example, ito 1
50:41S2.
50:43Naalala niyo ito ay may equivalent na
50:47box.
50:50Sa loob ng box, naglalagay po tayo ng
50:53arrow na pataas at arrow na pababa.
50:59Naalala?
51:02Okay.
51:04Last. Naalala po ba? Hindi. [tawanan]
51:06Okay. Now, okay. Another
51:11meron tayong
51:152 S2
51:182 P 6.
51:22Okay. Tapos ang ginagawa natin
51:26okay so ito ay S. S pa rin ito. So ibig
51:29sabihin isang box pa rin siya. Ito ay P.
51:34So ibig sabihin dapat siya ay meron kang
51:37tatlo na box.
51:40Tapos
51:41okay sa bawat S uunahin mo muna isulat
51:45yung pataas tapos sunod yung pababa.
51:48Ganun din po dito. Pataas muna. 2
51:533
51:554 5 6 okay
52:01yan.
52:02So dito no ayan sa box no representation
52:09okay it tells us how many electrons in
52:12their particular
52:14spin. No so sabi dito electron spins are
52:18represented by arrows.
52:23Ayan.
52:25Okay. So
52:29let's go to principal quantum level 2.
52:32Okay. Paano pag level two? Yan. So
52:35dalawa na yung klase ng sublevels na
52:37meron tayo ah kapagka level two.
52:42Ayan. So meron ka ng S at meron ka ng P.
52:49No, mapapansin niyo kapagka level 2 na
52:52may 2s at saka may 2 P. Yan.
53:00Okay. Now, 2p
53:03consist of three orbitals.
53:07Okay. Natandaan niyo kanina no? One
53:10orbital
53:14is equ to 2
53:18electron na pwedeng i-hold.
53:22Kaya mapapansin ninyo,
53:24okay? Yung 2s isang kahon lang.
53:29No? Kasing kasi isang orbital lang ang
53:31S.
53:33Ang P or 2P,
53:36ilan po yung kahon niya? Tatlo. Bakit?
53:40Kasi ang kayang i-hold ng P ay
53:45six electrons.
53:50Ayan. Okay. Nasundan ba? Nasundan niyo
53:52ako. Okay tayo. [tawanan] Okay. Ayun. So
53:57ayan.
53:59So the shape okay so two piece of levels
54:02consist of three orbitals. The shape of
54:05three orbitals is the same. They differ
54:08in orientation in space no? So pwedeng
54:11yung ibang orbital is
54:14no vertically conformed. Ayan
54:19teka hindi ko pala nilagyan ng number.
54:21Sorry.
54:28Okay.
54:291
54:332
54:373
54:38Yan. Three orbitals no? Ito yung itsura
54:41niya. Yung P orbital.
54:44Yan. Okay. So ito ay no'.
54:53Okay po ba? [tawanan]
54:56Ayan. Don't worry class. Ah hindi ko po
54:58kayo pagdo-drawingin nito ha. Hindi ito.
55:01To hindi na. Hindi na. Hindi ko kayo
55:03pagdo-drawingin ha. No need.
55:08Kumbaga ah pinapakita lang no yung um
55:11itsura no in model.
55:15Okay.
55:18Ayan. Now, let's go to level 3.
55:22Principal level 3, no? So, kung meron
55:24kang uh S at saka P sa level 2, dito,
55:28meron na po kayong S, P,
55:33D. So meron na tayong ah D orbital, no?
55:38Okay. Yan na. So, okay.
55:46The five 3D orbitals. So, il ilang
55:50electrons ang kayang i-carry ng isang D.
55:54So, this can carry 10
55:56electron.
55:59So ibig sabihin pag drowing natin to in
56:01squares
56:05ilang boxes ang ido-drawing natin?
56:09So 5 1 2 yan. So five boxes ito. Five
56:17box no? Kasi yung 10 doon mo siya
56:22ilalagay yung 10 na electron no. Yan. So
56:25ito po itsura niya. Ayan. 10 electrons
56:28can occupy
56:30the 5D orbitals.
56:33No,
56:38ah ito po yung ano ah summary no quantum
56:43levels.
56:45Ayan so
56:48hanggang kay four no'no. Yan. So mayon
56:52tayong F.
56:56Yan. May F po tayo. Okay.
57:04Ayan.
57:06Tapos class ano ganito ha sa periodic
57:09table ninyo
57:12ah may mahahanap po kayong um electron
57:17configuration
57:18icide.
57:20Okay? During the exam gamitin niyo po
57:23'yun ha. Ayun. Okay lang 'yun. Pwede
57:26niyo pong gamitin 'yun.
57:35Okay? Ayan. Naintindihan po?
57:40Pwede niyong gamitin yun ha during the
57:42exam para hindi kayo malito kung ano
57:43yung pagkakasunod-sunod. Let's say ah 1s
57:492s tapos 2P and so on ha.
57:54Ayun. Gamit kayo ng demonic guide. Okay
57:56lang 'yan.
57:59Ayan.
58:02Mm. O sige nga. O ito na may question
58:05dito. 4D maximum number of electrons.
58:11Take note of the letter ha. Siya ay D.
58:16No? O sige mabilisan na lang.
58:20So ang sagot natin is sinong nauna?
58:22Okay. Ayan si Miss Jasmine
58:26Santos no.
58:29Ayan. So yan yung mga nakatamang sagot
58:31no o po no. Alam natin na ang D ang
58:36equivalent niya ay 10 electrons or
58:39maximum of 10 electrons no.
58:44Okay.
58:52Ayan. Okay.
58:56What about this one? What is the maximum
59:00number of electron that can occupy?
59:04Okay. Principal number or level 3.
59:09Teka.
59:10Ilan?
59:1318 or C no?
59:19Okay. Ayan.
59:22Okay. Ayan po. Okay. Bakit? Bakit?
59:25Bakit? Ano? Bakit? Ah C anong dahilan?
59:29No. Okay. Kasi sa 3 no level 3 meron
59:33tayong 3
59:35S, 3 P at saka 3 D. Meron kang dalawa.
59:43Meron kang six, meron kang 10. Add mo
59:48lahat.
59:51Okay. So you have
59:5418 no?
59:59Okay.
1:00:04Ayan. Tama. Okay. Ah may iba pa bang
1:00:07technique how to
1:00:10obtain
1:00:16TC
1:00:18ba? Bakit? Bakit? Paano siyang Paano
1:00:20mali? Okay [sumisinghap]
1:00:23no? Ano bang ginagawa? Paano? Paano bang
1:00:26ginawa nila? Baka naman tama
1:00:29multiply.
1:00:32Sige nga. Paanong ginawa ba niya? Mali
1:00:35pala. TC ko dati. Bakit naman?
1:00:39Okay. Ayun no'no. Maximum electron
1:00:49ah. Okay. Ayun no.
1:00:54Okay.
1:01:01Ah okay. Gets ang binilang niya kasi.
1:01:05Okay. Tama din. Tama. Pwede rin. Pwede.
1:01:07Pwede rin. Oo. Okay. Ang binilang niya
1:01:10kasi yung ano, squares, 'di ba?
1:01:14Yung nine ' ba meron ka sa S
1:01:19tapos meron ka sa P.
1:01:23Ayan. T's meron ka sa D no?
1:01:281 2 3 4 5. Ayan. So 1 3
1:01:34Okay. So total of
1:01:37nine no tapos minultiply by 2. Pwede
1:01:41rin. Pwede. Pwede rin.
1:01:45Oo pwede rin.
1:01:48Mm
1:01:50plus ah basta mag basta magla-landing ka
1:01:52sa tamang sagot. Okay lang sa akin ha.
1:01:56Y'yan naman ay ano lang eh kumbaga
1:01:58asking you concepts.
1:02:02Oo pwede pwede.
1:02:11Okay
1:02:14ah wait lang class ha. Saglit lang. May
1:02:16sagutin lang po ako ha.
1:02:35Okay, ayan class game na tayo.
1:02:38Um, atomic structure of the first 18
1:02:41elements, no?
1:02:43So, hydrogen consist of a nucleus with
1:02:46one proton and one electron.
1:02:51in a 1s orbital.
1:02:56How are electrons treated in more
1:02:58complicated atoms that contain multiple
1:03:02electrons? Assuming,
1:03:05multi-electron atoms have orbitals
1:03:07similar to that of hydrogen atoms. Rules
1:03:11for filling electrons can be developed.
1:03:14No, ayan. So sinasabi dito class no may
1:03:19hierarchy yung ah paglalagay ng
1:03:22electrons no. Okay? Guides for filling
1:03:26electrons.
1:03:28Okay? Only up to two electrons can
1:03:30occupy an orbital.
1:03:32An electron will occupy lower orbital
1:03:36first. Okay. So ibig sabihin
1:03:40ang una munang nilalagyan ng electron ay
1:03:43yung one.
1:03:45Okay? Sunod 2. Sunod 3.
1:03:52No? And then eventually lalagyan na rin
1:03:54po yung four. No? Ayan. Ngayon class ah
1:03:59yung bawat element merong
1:04:06okay merong mas magagaan na element no
1:04:09karaniwan yung kanilang electron
1:04:11configuration nandito lang sa one at
1:04:14saka sa two. Yung mas mabibigat na
1:04:17elements sila yung nandito sa 3 and 4.
1:04:25orbitals uh energies. Okay.
1:04:30Ayan.
1:04:31S less p d and then f for given n value.
1:04:37Each orbital in a sublevel must contain
1:04:40an electron
1:04:42before another electron can be added to
1:04:45any any of the other orbitals. No ayan.
1:04:49Okay.
1:04:52So
1:04:55ayan, pakita na natin.
1:04:59Three ways of depicting atom and
1:05:03electronic structure. Okay.
1:05:07So, atomic structure diagram depict both
1:05:10nuclear and electronic structure, no.
1:05:14Yan.
1:05:15So,
1:05:17okay, no'.
1:05:19Ayan pinapakita no florine atom.
1:05:25Okay so meron daw siyang 9 protons
1:05:28ah 10 neutrons. And then yung count ng
1:05:31electrons no.
1:05:34Ayan.
1:05:36So same goes with sodium atom and
1:05:39magnesium
1:05:41atom. No ayan.
1:05:44So
1:05:46okay electron configurations.
1:05:48Each orbital is listed in order of
1:05:51increasing energy
1:05:53while depicting the number of electron
1:05:56in each orbital's
1:06:00sublevel. No ayan.
1:06:03So
1:06:05okay pwedeng i-depick this way no? Pwede
1:06:08rin namang through this no what we call
1:06:10electron configuration.
1:06:13Uh class in your exam no what we will be
1:06:17doing is ito ha electron configuration
1:06:21lahat naman kayo nakapag ah electron
1:06:23configuration na no before
1:06:27ah during your high school no yung 1s 2s
1:06:31no ah 3s
1:06:34no 3p ganon and so on Okay.
1:06:42Okay. So,
1:06:45okay. Ito yung tinatawag na electron
1:06:47configuration.
1:06:49Ganito yung ganitong notation.
1:06:53Okay.
1:06:56Ito naman yung tinatawag nating orbital
1:06:58diagrams. Yung meron ng mga box.
1:07:02Ayan. So, magkaiba sila ha.
1:07:07Teka. Ito to ha. Ito yung orbital
1:07:12diagram. Ito yung electron
1:07:15configuration. Okay.
1:07:18Ah sa orbital
1:07:20diagram pinapakita kasi yung electron
1:07:22spin no. Ayan
1:07:26may positive tapos may negative.
1:07:35Okay.
1:07:37Ayan. From hydrogen to berilum, no? Ito
1:07:40dine-demonstrate lang ha. Okay. So sa
1:07:43hydrogen is 1s
1:07:461. Kasi ilan ang electron ng hydrogen?
1:07:50Ah isa lang no. Ayan. Mapapansin ninyo
1:07:54ito ang kanyang electron configuration.
1:07:57Ito yung kanyang orbital diagram. No?
1:08:02Isang arrow lang din yung nakikita niyo
1:08:04dun sa loob ng
1:08:07Okay. Sa loob ng ah orbital no.
1:08:11Ayan. Helium. Helium is element number
1:08:15atomic number. Ano ba? Helium number
1:08:17two.
1:08:19Ba? [tawanan] Okay. Yan. Tama. No.
1:08:23So ibig sabihin
1:08:271s2
1:08:29yan.
1:08:30Ito yung dalawang electron niya in
1:08:32orbital diagram. Ito yung itsura. Okay
1:08:36yan. So 1s2 2s1
1:08:43o no? Ay teka ba't hindi naka-reveal to?
1:08:47Yan lithium and beryilium.
1:08:50Yan po no and so on.
1:08:56Okay
1:09:01yan.
1:09:05Okay. Now uh filling the P subshell.
1:09:10Okay. Mapapansin niyo class, ang una
1:09:13munang nilalagay is arrow
1:09:17up. No, pupunuin muna siya no. Lalagyan
1:09:20muna ng arrow up.
1:09:24Teka, nagla-log na yung mouse ko.
1:09:28Okay. Arrow up. Bago po kayo maglagay ng
1:09:30arrow
1:09:32down no.
1:09:34Ayan.
1:09:39Okay.
1:09:42Ayan. So ito pa yung kasunod. Yan.
1:09:45Napansin niyo no yung succession. Yan o.
1:09:48R arrow up muna bago kayo maglagay ng
1:09:51arrow down no. Pupunuin niyo muna yung
1:09:54bawat kahon ng ah pataas na arrow no.
1:10:00Yan. O florine. Florine hanggang kay
1:10:03neon yan. So all electrons are paired in
1:10:06P shell no lahat.
1:10:11Ah ito po yung iba't iba na element.
1:10:15Okay ito
1:10:18orbitals. Ito itsura yan. 1s
1:10:242s
1:10:26at 2p. Tapos yung kanilang tinatawag na
1:10:30electron configuration
1:10:33no.
1:10:34Yan po.
1:10:42Okay. Beyond neon. Okay. Ito pa sodium.
1:10:45No mapapansin niyo kay sodium meron na
1:10:48tayong 3s.
1:10:50So balik tayo sa S no after ng 2P.
1:10:53Panibagong energy level na siya.
1:10:56Okay. From neon papunta kay Argon. Ayan.
1:10:59So napansin niyo mas mahaba no.
1:11:03Ayan. So meron na tayong 3P. So may 3S,
1:11:07may 3P.
1:11:09Tapos ayun. Eventually magkakaroon na
1:11:12rin po ng D no configuration.
1:11:16Now what is balance electron?
1:11:19Okay. Ano ba yung balance? Ang sabi dito
1:11:22electrons that are located
1:11:26no in the highest energy
1:11:29outmost orbital.
1:11:32No? Of an atom. O sige nga. What is the
1:11:36balance
1:11:39electron of this?
1:11:42O anong anong balance niya? Ilan yung
1:11:44balance electrons?
1:11:51Okay. So ang total valance niya, ang
1:11:55pinaka-higest ah energy level niya kasi
1:11:58ay two,
1:12:00'di ba?
1:12:01So
1:12:03teka ito pong
1:12:07ah 2 and 4 you have to add no kasi sila
1:12:10yung pinaka nasa labas
1:12:13no na level yan. So ang total balance po
1:12:16ng oxygen ay six.
1:12:20Okay. So anong pakinabang ng valence
1:12:23electron? Yung valence electron no ah
1:12:26sila po yung responsible sa forming ng
1:12:28bonds or reactivity ng isang element no.
1:12:33Ayan
1:12:38o. Phosporus. How many valence electron?
1:12:42Pangilang element ba ang phosphorus?
1:12:44Sige nga class.
1:12:48Ah pang ilang element si phosporus?
1:12:59May sumagot na. Pang 15.
1:13:02Ah sige gawin natin. Okay. 1 s
1:13:08ah nagla-log. Nakainis. Teka
1:13:12dito na lang ah. Nilabas na. Mali pindot
1:13:16ko no. So bakit five? Yan sagutin na
1:13:19lang natin bakit five no.
1:13:24So 1s2
1:13:262p6
1:13:30ay sorry. 2 p6 tuloy
1:13:36t nga
1:13:38ano ba yan
1:13:431 s2
1:13:462s2
1:13:512p6
1:13:53ah 3s2
1:13:56ilan na to?
1:13:58So meron na tayong 12 No? So ang kulang
1:14:01na lang natin ay 3. No? So ibig sabihin
1:14:05ah 3P
1:14:08ah 3 no?
1:14:11Ayan. Tama ba? Ayan. Tapos doun sa pang
1:14:15number three mapapansin mo meron kang
1:14:17two at saka three. Pag pinag-add mo yan,
1:14:21five.
1:14:23Tama. So therefore the answer is really
1:14:275 no
1:14:33yan. Okay. Ito po yung basis. O to to
1:14:37yan. Ito yung basis.
1:14:45Okay. Okay.
1:14:48Ayan no. Okay. Umm. M O ano daw element
1:14:53ito? Sige nga bilangin niyo yung
1:14:54electrons. O 2
1:14:58ah 10 okay 18 pang anong element ba yung
1:15:02pang 18? Okay.
1:15:06Ayan so letter A daw ha. Ano ba? A ba or
1:15:10ay hindi hindi hindi. Argon. Okay. Okay.
1:15:13Ito to to no.
1:15:16So it's argon.
1:15:18Ayan.
1:15:20Okay. So 18 uh electrons no yan argon
1:15:24po.
1:15:28Okay.
1:15:31Yan
1:15:33electron uh structures and the periodic
1:15:36table no? So ah how does electron
1:15:40electron structure of atoms relate to
1:15:42the position no on the periodic table?
1:15:45So may kinalaman po ba ang electron
1:15:48configuration or structure
1:15:50no sa paggawa ng periodic table? Okay so
1:15:54mendivieve and mayor propose organizing
1:15:58elements based on increasing atomic
1:16:02masses. Their ideas form the origin of
1:16:05modern periodic table. No ayan.
1:16:12Okay. So dito,
1:16:15okay, ito po yung ating periodic table.
1:16:18Teka nasan na yung panulat ko?
1:16:21Ayan.
1:16:23So yung
1:16:25arrangement vertical again tinatawag
1:16:28nating group yung arrangement horizontal
1:16:32tinatawag nating periods no ayan
1:16:42okay
1:16:44ayan so period number corresponds no to
1:16:48the highest principal quantum numbers
1:16:53So yun daw yung naging basis ng
1:16:55pag-a-arrange no ng periods. Okay.
1:17:00A groups and
1:17:02B groups no are representative elements
1:17:05in main groups and B groups are
1:17:07transition elements. No, teka pakita ko
1:17:10nga.
1:17:12Ayan.
1:17:15So may kinalaman din no yung electron
1:17:17configurations no dito sa pag-a-arrange
1:17:19natin nito no. Ayan.
1:17:23Last mapapansin niyo no may letters A
1:17:28tapos dito may letters
1:17:32B. Okay? So yung may mga A sila yung
1:17:35tinatawag na A group. Yung may mga B
1:17:38sila yung B group. No bukod pa doun sa
1:17:40number nila no. Ayan.
1:17:50Okay, teka. So ito yung ah
1:17:54periodic table without the electron
1:17:55configuration. Teka tanggalin ko yung
1:17:57mga signages.
1:18:01Ayan. Plus ah anong napansin niyo?
1:18:06Tingnan niyo 'to oh.
1:18:09Ayan.
1:18:11Nagtapos ito ng
1:18:15D. Teka ayaw magsulat.
1:18:19Ito ay D1
1:18:22papunta dito.
1:18:26Okay. Ito ay D.
1:18:30Okay.
1:18:33D number ayaw masulat 10. Ayan, napansin
1:18:37niyo class
1:18:42from SC no papunta kay zinc
1:18:47that's ah D1 no tapos D10
1:18:54kita oh ito pa
1:18:57pansinin niyo 'to
1:19:00yan from S1
1:19:04to S2 two.
1:19:06Okay. Itong black na 'to lahat sila S.
1:19:15Ayan. So lahat sila S no itong block na
1:19:19'to kaya S block ang tawag sa kanila.
1:19:22Ito naman lahat sila nagtatapos sa
1:19:25letter
1:19:27ayan D.
1:19:29Okay, napansin niyo? So lahat sila no D
1:19:34block. Ito naman nagtatapos lahat sa
1:19:39P. Ayan.
1:19:42So P no. Ayan eh. Sir, nasaan ang F?
1:19:49Oo nga no. Nasan ba yung F? Walang F 'di
1:19:53ba? SPDF.
1:19:56Ah wala pa. Hindi pa pinapakita. Okay,
1:19:59teka.
1:20:01Ayun. So ' ba 'yung periodic table natin
1:20:03meron pang space dito 'di ba? May mga
1:20:05set pa ng elements na nakalagay. So 'yun
1:20:07'yung sinasabi nilang sa baba no.
1:20:10Ayon. Okay. Naunawaan po no. So ibig
1:20:14sabihin po ah yung periodic table natin
1:20:18is also arranged based on the
1:20:22configuration.
1:20:26Ayan. ka move ko haan
1:20:31so magnesium
1:20:33ah is a member of which group of
1:20:35elements balik nga tayo. Nasan ba si
1:20:37magnesium diyan? So ang sagot natin
1:20:40dapat diyan ay alkaline earth no? Ayan
1:20:42tandaan niyo class. Sorry hindi ko pala
1:20:44nasabi no.
1:20:46Yan may alkali earth metals nakaturo
1:20:48naman kung saan alkaline earth metals.
1:20:54Transition metals,
1:20:57halogens,
1:20:59okay, and nobel gas.
1:21:04Ito sila yun yyung nakaagold na label
1:21:07no.
1:21:09Ayan.
1:21:13Sige. So ang sagot po natin dito is
1:21:16alkaline earth metal no? Ayan.
1:21:23Okay.
1:21:27Okay. Group commonalities. No. All
1:21:29elements in a group have similar valence
1:21:33electron configuration. This often leads
1:21:35to similar reactivity. talaga
1:21:39din.
1:21:41Okay. So, because element configuration
1:21:45of larger elements are very long or sh
1:21:48notation ay sorry very long a sh
1:21:53notation is used
1:21:55no that highlights valence electron. So
1:21:59for example class, instead of writing
1:22:02the whole configuration for sodium, ang
1:22:04nilalagay po natin no, ah yung last yung
1:22:09huli na noble gas. Kasunod yung kanyang
1:22:14valence
1:22:16electron no? So nilagyan ng neon.
1:22:20Ayan, nilagyan ng neon tapos merong ano
1:22:24ah enclosure no tapos nilabas yung
1:22:29kanyang valence electron no. Ayan.
1:22:36The sh electron configuration always
1:22:39uses the previous noble gas
1:22:43no core with the balance electron from
1:22:45the element of interest no. Okay. Bakit
1:22:49si neon? Tingnan niyo ha. Balik tayo.
1:22:53Ah
1:22:55bago mag sodium kung babalik ka no. O
1:22:59muna ito si Neon.
1:23:02Pang number 10 no? Pang number 10 po si
1:23:06neon. Pang number 11 si sodium.
1:23:11Kailan ka gagamit ng argon sa sh? Kailan
1:23:15ka gagamit ng argon?
1:23:17Okay. Kapag yung mga elements na gagawan
1:23:21mo ng short hand notation
1:23:24no yung pang 19 hanggang
1:23:2935 no? Ayan. Tapos after ng 35 pwede ka
1:23:35ng gumamit ng crypton. 'yung kasunod
1:23:37naman na mga elements. Okay? Ayun. So
1:23:42kung ano 'yung huli na noble gas, 'yun
1:23:45'yung ginagamit sa shnd.
1:23:49Okay? Ayan. So ito yung mga example.
1:23:55Ayan. So yung huling noble gas ah for
1:23:59potassium is argon. Same with calcium
1:24:03no? Ayan. So ang nilabas na lang diyan
1:24:05is yung kanilang ah balance no'.
1:24:11Yan sulevel feeling diagram. Ayan. By
1:24:14the way class ha, if you might be
1:24:16wondering kung nasan yung F
1:24:18o sila ha nandito sa baba. Yan tama yung
1:24:21sinabi nung classmate niyo kanina no?
1:24:24Ayun po.
1:24:29Ayan o. Malapit na tayong matapos. Ayan.
1:24:32So ito no electron configuration
1:24:35argon 4 4s1
1:24:39anong element
1:24:41after ni argon ano ba may sumagot na
1:24:44sinong sumagot
1:24:48okay ang sagot daw nila ay a no sige
1:24:51bigyan ko na ng points ong mga to
1:24:56okay
1:24:59potassium noan
1:25:04Oh ito naman oh
1:25:06neon.
1:25:09Okay.
1:25:12Yung B B B B B B B B B B
1:25:15aluminum no? Ayan.
1:25:21All right. Ayan.
1:25:24So chemical periodicity.
1:25:26Okay. Groups of elements show similar
1:25:29chemical properties because of
1:25:31similarities
1:25:32in their balance electron. No ayun.
1:25:37So that's the end of our
1:25:40uh discussion. That's the last topic for
1:25:44midterm. No ayan. Do you have questions
1:25:48so far class? May tanong ba?
1:25:53I-end ko na po yung ano recording natin.

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