Characteristics vs Hallmarks 1/8 . خصائص و مميزات مناهج البحث العلمي Research Methods / Methodology — Transcript

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1. 0:01Hello, welcome everybody!
2. 0:02in this episode we will talk about one of
3. 0:04the most important concepts in scientific research
4. 0:09and in fact we already talked about it in a previous episode
5. 0:12but it was a short episode with almost 15 minutes
6. 0:17covering all the important concepts
7. 0:20that are important to talk about in scientific research
8. 0:24of the concept of the hallmarks and characteristics
9. 0:28in this episode we will cover only the Hallmarks
10. 0:32and we will talk about a number of concepts
11. 0:35then we will introduce each one
12. 0:37of the hallmarks concepts in order
13. 0:41let's start with one of the most popular and current
14. 0:45books in the business category
15. 0:47but we must remind that
16. 0:49for today's episode or maybe next episodes
17. 0:52until we finish explaining
18. 0:54the eight concepts of hallmarks
19. 0:57it applies to all types of scientific research
20. 0:59in almost all its specialties
21. 1:04this episode is intended to define what is hallmark or what are hallmarks.
22. 1:09in the book of the author Uma Sekaran
23. 1:13which is available in several editions,
24. 1:14edition 4,5,6,7 or the next coming eighth edition
25. 1:20we will find in the chapter 2 or 3
26. 1:22depending on the book’s edition, saying that
27. 1:24The hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics
28. 1:31of scientific research may be listed as follows
29. 1:34purposiveness, rigor, testability, replicability, precision and confidence, objectivity, generalizability, and parsimony
30. 1:50if we get to know these 8 concepts
31. 1:52and get to differentiate and understand them well
32. 1:54and apply them in scientific research
33. 1:57In fact, it would be more appropriate to apply it to all types of research, in all its specialties
34. 2:01Because it's important to know the difference between them
35. 2:03Let’s start with the first line
36. 2:06The hallmarks or main distinguishing characteristics
37. 2:10This OR here is very important
38. 2:12It means either this or this
39. 2:18Well, on one side we have hallmarks and on the other we have ..
40. 2:21what is actually the most important point, distinguishing characteristics
41. 2:25As if we have characteristics but here we talk about the distinguishing ones
42. 2:30So what is equal to the distinguishing characteristics?
43. 2:33It’s the word Hallmarks
44. 2:34Let’s think together
45. 2:36Is there a difference between the two words “characteristics and hallmark”
46. 2:41Without considering this, we ignore this temporarily
47. 2:45We ignore these main distinguishing characteristics
48. 2:48So what do characteristics mean? Properties, attributes, qualities
49. 2:53Alright, what about Hallmarks? A special mark. Something that differentiates
50. 2:58Something that marks with care and added value
51. 3:02Alright, let’s technically differentiate between them
52. 3:04What do we mean by characteristics?
53. 3:06Characteristics without the word distinguishing are the main and mandatory thing
54. 3:11Let’s see together this slide
55. 3:14This slide shows that I have a thing called characteristics
56. 3:18Characteristics are more like what?
57. 3:20It’s more like an essential thing, a natural component
58. 3:25A component that necessarily needs to exist in the described thing
59. 3:31Let’s take for example a car
60. 3:36What are the main car’s characteristics?
61. 3:38What are the main car’s properties?
62. 3:41If we talk about one of the main characteristics? Is safety
63. 3:45What does this safety equation achieve? What is its standard?
64. 3:48I assume it’s one airbag
65. 3:51Well, if there is one airbag in this car and this car has a normal market number
66. 3:57We consider this the main characteristic
67. 3:59I mean, to achieve safety, there should be an airbag
68. 4:02If there is no airbag that means I have a problem in the characteristics
69. 4:05I have a problem with a very essential thing
70. 4:08Alright, there is someone in another cars factory that provides the same car
71. 4:12With the same price, but with 2, 3 or 4 airbags
72. 4:18He let down the main characteristics and added to them
73. 4:23I mean he fixed the main characteristics which airbag in every car
74. 4:28And added 2 or 3 airbags
75. 4:30He then achieved Hallmark
76. 4:32He achieved a distinguishing characteristic
77. 4:36A value-added characteristic
78. 4:38Which he mentioned in the book here, he said main distinguishing characteristic
79. 4:45Therefore the hallmark is equal to this main distinguishing characteristic
80. 4:49And opposite to the normal characteristic
81. 4:51The normal characteristic which is the characteristic that I find
82. 4:57In every car factory
83. 4:59Here is it, we will detail the example
84. 5:03It says that these characteristics are something basic
85. 5:07Something mandatory, this is the characteristic
86. 5:10However, if he adds to it or with it something else
87. 5:13Which is non-existent nor common nor essential to the others
88. 5:17Then we call it hallmark which is a distinguishing characteristic.
89. 5:22Again, the car example, we can expect that every car’s safety characteristics
90. 5:28Is airbag
91. 5:30Every car’s factory will provide this airbag. So they achieved characteristic
92. 5:35If one of the car’s factory provides 2,3 or 4 airbags
93. 5:41He added to this basic and mandatory
94. 5:45We then should thank him because he achieved distinguished characteristics
95. 5:49A new special characteristic, what will we call it? Hallmark
96. 5:53This book and most of the books combine this group of concepts names
97. 6:00I mean it doesn’t determine or precise its publication
98. 6:05And publicize to the reader, researcher, student who can strongly differentiate
99. 6:11Between the characteristics and hallmarks
100. 6:14Some books tend to name all of the hallmarks
101. 6:17And others say they are characteristics
102. 6:19And others say no I will let the student think
103. 6:22And the thinking here is based on the student’s or researcher’s ability to use it in his research
104. 6:28So is it possible that one of these is characteristic and the other is a hallmark?
105. 6:34And maybe the opposite of one of the researchers in his own research
106. 6:38That is what we will discuss in separate episodes
107. 6:42For each one of these
108. 6:43Purposiveness will have its own episode, Rigor, Testability and so on
109. 6:47So that you can stop at each of them and see it better
110. 6:52Thank you so much. I am happy with the feedback and the questions
111. 6:56And I wish that each of these 8 episodes will be shown on YouTube Channel. Thank you so much