¿Cómo es la CÉLULA ANIMAL? 🧪 (Partes y Funciones de la Célula Animal) — Transcript

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1. 0:01Do you know the parts and functions of
2. 0:04animal cells? In this BioEncyclopedia
3. 0:07video, we will explain everything you
4. 0:09need to know about this type of cell.
5. 0:11Let's begin. What is an animal cell?
6. 0:19The animal cell is the basic cell of
7. 0:21living beings that are part of the
8. 0:23kingdom Animalia. There are different
9. 0:26types or specializations depending on
10. 0:29the functions they must perform in each
11. 0:32part of the organism, such as neurons
12. 0:34in the nervous system, leukocytes in
13. 0:36the immune system, and eggs and sperm
14. 0:39in the reproductive system, among many
15. 0:41others. And before we continue, we want
16. 0:44to put you to the test. How many
17. 0:46different types of cells do you think
18. 0:48there are in a human being? A, about
19. 0:50500. B, about 350. or C, about 200. Pay
20. 0:57attention, as we will answer the
21. 0:59question throughout the video. Let's
22. 1:01continue. Animal cells are
23. 1:03distinguished from plant cells by
24. 1:05having a smaller diameter and by
25. 1:07lacking a cell wall and chloroplasts.
26. 1:11If you are interested in learning about
27. 1:13plant cells, don't miss the video we've
28. 1:14left in the card. Next, we will explain
29. 1:18each part of the animal cell and its
30. 1:20function. One, nucleus. The cell
31. 1:24nucleus is its control center and is
32. 1:26responsible for dictating the
33. 1:27instructions for the correct
34. 1:29functioning of many biological
35. 1:31processes. It is a very important
36. 1:34element, as it houses deoxyribonucleic
37. 1:36acid, or DNA, which contains the
38. 1:38genetic information that will be
39. 1:40transmitted when other cells are
40. 1:42generated. DNA bound to proteins forms
41. 1:47chromatin, and upon condensing during
42. 1:49cell division, it generates thread-like
43. 1:52structures called chromosomes. The
44. 1:56nucleus is an organelle, as it is
45. 1:58located in the cytoplasm. It occupies
46. 2:01up to 10%of the space inside the cell
47. 2:03and is the largest component of the
48. 2:06cell. Two, cell or plasma membrane. It
49. 2:10is a thin layer that surrounds the
50. 2:12cytoplasm and separates the cell from
51. 2:13its environment. Its main function is
52. 2:16to protect the cell from the outside
53. 2:18and facilitate the exchange of
54. 2:19materials. This membrane has pores or
55. 2:23protein channels that connect the
56. 2:25interior with the external environment
57. 2:27and allow the entry of useful
58. 2:29substances for nutrition and the exit
59. 2:31of those that are waste. It is a
60. 2:34semipermeable membrane. Its composition
61. 2:38is characterized by the presence of a
62. 2:40double layer of phospholipids with
63. 2:42embedded proteins. It also plays a
64. 2:45fundamental role in other important
65. 2:47processes such as cell adhesion and
66. 2:49cell communication, which allows for
67. 2:51the exchange of information with other
68. 2:53cells or tissues. The cell membrane
69. 2:56uses four transport methods: one,
70. 2:58passive osmosis and diffusion. Two,
71. 3:01active transport. Three, endocytosis.
72. 3:05and four, exocytosis. The cell membrane
73. 3:08helps anchor the cytoskeleton, making
74. 3:10it vital for maintaining the cell's
75. 3:13shape and allowing it to be part of
76. 3:15large cell arrangements, which gives
77. 3:17shape to tissues. Three. Cytoskeleton.
78. 3:21The cytoskeleton gives the cell its
79. 3:23shape and maintains its structure. It
80. 3:25is fundamental in the processes of
81. 3:27endocytosis and cell division. In
82. 3:30prokaryotic cells, the cytoskeleton is
83. 3:33composed of microfilaments and
84. 3:34microtubules. Four. Cytoplasm. The
85. 3:38cytoplasm is all cellular material with
86. 3:41the exception of the nucleus. It
87. 3:44includes all organelles and the cytosol
88. 3:46, a colorless, semi-liquid substance in
89. 3:49which numerous molecules are found. It
90. 3:53is in the cytoplasm where most cellular
91. 3:56activities occur, including various
92. 3:58metabolic pathways like glycolysis and
93. 4:01processes like cell division. The
94. 4:04cytosol is the part of the cytoplasm
95. 4:07found outside the membrane-bound
96. 4:09organelles and accounts for
97. 4:11approximately 70%of the cell volume.
98. 4:14Within the cytoplasm are the cellular
99. 4:16organelles, which are the following.
100. 4:19Five. Endoplasmic reticulum. It is a
101. 4:23system of interconnected, flattened
102. 4:25channels and sacs wrapped in a membrane
103. 4:27. The production, storage, and
104. 4:30transport of some substances take place
105. 4:32in this organelle. It also provides
106. 4:35internal support. Although the
107. 4:38endoplasmic reticulum is present in
108. 4:40most eukaryotic cells, it is not found
109. 4:43in red blood cells or sperm cells.
110. 4:46There are two types of endoplasmic
111. 4:48reticulum: smooth and rough. Six.
112. 4:52Ribosomes. Ribosomes are the organelles
113. 4:55that synthesize proteins vital for many
114. 4:57cellular processes. They are complex
115. 5:01molecular machines found in all living
116. 5:04cells. Their shape is spherical and
117. 5:07they are formed by ribosomal RNA and
118. 5:10proteins. These organelles can be found
119. 5:14in two forms: free in the cytoplasm or
120. 5:16associated with the rough endoplasmic
121. 5:18reticulum membrane, where they perform
122. 5:20their function of creating protein
123. 5:22molecules by joining amino acids.
124. 5:26Ribosomes follow the order specified by
125. 5:29messenger RNA, which transfers the
126. 5:31genetic code from nuclear DNA to
127. 5:33indicate the order in which amino acids
128. 5:36must be linked. Ribosomes have two
129. 5:40parts. The small subunit, which is
130. 5:43responsible for reading the RNA, and
131. 5:45the large subunit, whose function is to
132. 5:48join amino acids to create a peptide
133. 5:50chain. Seven. Mitochondria.
134. 5:54Mitochondria are the energy producers
135. 5:56of the cell. They produce it through
136. 5:59the process known as cellular
137. 6:00respiration. It is where adenosine
138. 6:03triphosphate is produced, a molecule
139. 6:05that constitutes the main source of
140. 6:08energy usable by the cell to carry out
141. 6:10its functions. Mitochondria synthesize
142. 6:14ATP from glucose, fatty acids, and
143. 6:16amino acids. They do not have a defined
144. 6:20structure, as they deform easily, but
145. 6:22they are normally elongated. Beyond
146. 6:25energy production, mitochondria are
147. 6:28related to cell communication processes
148. 6:30, cell differentiation, and apoptosis
149. 6:33or programmed cell death. They also
150. 6:36have control over the cell cycle and
151. 6:38cell growth. The number of mitochondria
152. 6:41in a cell varies widely. Mitochondria
153. 6:45have several parts such as the outer
154. 6:47mitochondrial membrane, the inner
155. 6:49membrane, the intermembrane space, the
156. 6:51matrix, and the cristae. Eight. Golgi
157. 6:55apparatus. It receives proteins and
158. 6:59lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum,
159. 7:01and it is where the collection of all
160. 7:03substances that the cell expels to the
161. 7:05lysosomes or through the plasma
162. 7:07membrane takes place. The Golgi
163. 7:10apparatus completes the manufacture of
164. 7:13some proteins and packages others,
165. 7:15coating them in a membrane before they
166. 7:17are sent to their destination, labeling
167. 7:20these proteins to send them where they
168. 7:22belong, both inside and outside the
169. 7:25cell. Its main functions are protein
170. 7:28modification, cell secretion, plasma
171. 7:31membrane production, and lysosome
172. 7:33formation. Nine. Lysosomes are
173. 7:38spherical vesicles that contain
174. 7:39hydrolytic enzymes that facilitate the
175. 7:42assimilation of substances by making
176. 7:44them smaller. Additionally, they are in
177. 7:48charge of eliminating waste by
178. 7:49digesting unwanted substances
179. 7:51throughout the cytoplasm. Lysosomes
180. 7:55protect the cell from foreign bodies
181. 7:57like viruses and bacteria, and even
182. 7:59digest parts of the cell that are
183. 8:01discarded, such as organelles that are
184. 8:03replaced. These organelles contain more
185. 8:07than 60 different enzymes that come
186. 8:09from the rough endoplasmic reticulum
187. 8:11and serve to perform their functions of
188. 8:13breaking down and digesting
189. 8:15biomolecules. 10. Peroxisomes are
190. 8:19organelles that house a large number of
191. 8:22enzymes to dispose of peroxides that
192. 8:24are toxic to the cell. Their main
193. 8:27function is to break down long-chain
194. 8:29fatty acids. In animal cells, these
195. 8:33acids are converted into medium-chain
196. 8:35fatty acids before being sent to the
197. 8:38mitochondria to be converted into
198. 8:40carbon dioxide and water. And 11. The
199. 8:45centrosome is a pair of cylindrical
200. 8:47structures coordinated and composed
201. 8:49mainly of a protein called tubulin,
202. 8:51which are called centrioles. Centrioles
203. 8:55are involved in two processes: division
204. 8:58and locomotion. Cellular movement. They
205. 9:01are also related to the organization of
206. 9:03the cytoskeleton. The centrosome is
207. 9:06only found in the animal cell. And
208. 9:09returning to the question we asked you
209. 9:10before, have you thought about it
210. 9:12carefully? The correct answer is C. In
211. 9:14the human being, there are
212. 9:16approximately 200 types of cells. Did
213. 9:17you get it right? And that is all for
214. 9:19today's video about the animal cell.
215. 9:21Has it helped you with your study?
216. 9:24Write to us in the comments, and
217. 9:25remember that if you want to keep
218. 9:27learning about biology, you cannot miss
219. 9:29the playlist we left for you right here
220. 9:30. See you next time.