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Boris Said Sold the Giza Scan Footage on VHS in 1997 — Transcript

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0:00A paper recently published in Nature
0:02[music] magazine
0:04has revealed that archaeologists think
0:07that the tomb of Tutankhamun is bigger
0:10than we ever thought possible. Yeah, it
0:12turns out that there are a lot of right
0:13angles. They [music] think five to six
0:16extra chambers and connecting
0:18passageways. They have just discovered
0:21the [music] oldest defensive structure
0:26in North Africa. Over on the other side
0:28of Africa in Morocco there were
0:30Neolithic people who were also getting
0:33their stuff together, organizing,
0:35building, planning, [music]
0:37and it's interesting that that all that
0:39stuff's just popping out of the ground
0:41as we speak. The Cosmic Summit is coming
0:43back 2027.
0:46Do you want to be there? Because I'll
0:48definitely be there.
0:50But we're planning it right now and we
0:51need to know
0:53who's coming. How many of us are going
0:55to be sitting down
0:57and discussing and learning and
0:58researching some of the most up-to-date
1:00coolest stuff in the arena of ancient
1:02history. So, if you're interested and
1:05you would like to join us, all you have
1:06to do is go to cosmicsummit.com,
1:09scroll down,
1:11pop your email in and you will be added
1:13to the list. The list. They're going to
1:17be the first people to find out about
1:19our launch event, the first people to
1:21have access to tickets when we release
1:23them, and
1:25it's just cool to be on the list. Like
1:27you want to be on the list.
1:28So, pop yourself on the list. It's free.
1:31You know, why wouldn't you want to be on
1:32the list? And hopefully
1:35we'll see you there.
1:43>> [music]
1:49>> Hi guys, I'm Johanna James and welcome
1:51back to another episode of really cool
1:53stuff that's happening in the history
1:56world.
1:57So,
1:58a paper recently published in Nature
2:01magazine
2:03has revealed that archaeologists think
2:06that the tomb of Tutankhamun
2:08is bigger than we ever thought possible.
2:10That there is actually five to six extra
2:14chambers that are hidden behind a false
2:16wall
2:17at the back of the chamber. Now, they
2:19think this because the archaeologists
2:21radar scanned
2:23the the back and inside and all around
2:26the tomb.
2:27And this is what they propose in the
2:29paper is behind the false wall.
2:32Now, they thought to look for a few
2:34reasons. One of them is that the tomb of
2:37Tutankhamun
2:38is quite small
2:40for like a full-on pharaoh's tomb
2:42compared to some of the other tombs at
2:43Valley of the Kings.
2:45It was quite small in size.
2:47So, that flagged. Uh and also this false
2:50wall, I think has people have commented
2:53that they thought they saw like an
2:54outline of a door on it like behind the
2:56the reliefs, the um the hieroglyphs that
2:59are painted on there.
3:00So, they got permission to do lidar
3:03scanning and like radar scanning. And
3:07yeah, it turns out that there are a lot
3:08of right angles. They think five to six
3:11extra chambers and connecting
3:13passageways. Valley of the Kings is
3:16where all of the pharaohs are
3:18like actually
3:20buried. Um let's not get into the
3:22argument over whether pyramids were
3:23tombs, but all of the actual burials of
3:26pharaohs that we have found so far have
3:27been
3:29Valley of the Kings. And
3:32it is a If you don't know what Valley of
3:33the Kings is, it these these tombs are
3:36cut literally into the bedrock of this
3:38huge sort of mountain landscape. And
3:42they have really easy to access
3:46entryways, unlike pyramids.
3:49Um
3:50cuz you got to get all your treasure in
3:51there. You got to get all your loot and
3:52you got to have the procession for the
3:55deceased pharaoh.
3:56And it makes a lot of sense. Now, there
3:58is
4:00an argument, there is a theory that
4:02potentially the ancient Egyptians
4:05repurposed
4:07an underground sort of tunnel network
4:11of like an underground city of sorts,
4:12which would check out considering
4:15the amount of tunnel systems that go
4:17under Giza and that are found in nearby
4:20other countries, like in Turkey. Um you
4:23know, the ancient people
4:24they loved an underground city. So, the
4:27theory is is that potentially
4:30the Egyptians came and repurposed and
4:33re- rebuilt um
4:35what was an older underground city and
4:39made it tombs for the pharaohs. Now,
4:40this paper doesn't directly link to
4:43that, but it does say that they suspect
4:47that this extra
4:48further chambers and furtherness into
4:51the tomb of
4:53Tutankhamun. They imply that the tomb
4:57rock-cut tomb could be much older than
4:59it is.
5:01They are also speculating
5:04just or theorizing. They're not They're
5:05not saying it has any connection, but
5:06they are theorizing that potentially it
5:08could be the lost tomb of Queen
5:10Nefertiti.
5:12Because nobody's found her. We don't
5:14know where she is yet. And that would
5:16make sense because she is a direct
5:19ancestor of Tutankhamun. Queen Nefertiti
5:22was married to Tutankhamun's
5:24dad. So, mom, stepmom,
5:28you know, it makes sense that she could
5:29be buried
5:30behind this wall potentially. Um
5:34So, that's also really exciting. Whether
5:36or not it's uh more
5:38it's her tomb, another person's tomb,
5:40whether it's not a tomb and it's an
5:42entryway into an old part of the old
5:44underground city. I mean, that's what
5:46that's what we've got to find out. So,
5:48the team are asking for permission from
5:51the Supreme Council of Antiquity, the
5:55gods of Egypt, current gods, and they're
5:58going to get permission cuz they have to
5:59bore a hole around 7 or 8 cm cuz they
6:04plan to send in like a little tiny
6:07droid,
6:08>> [laughter]
6:08>> a little tiny camera car,
6:10um through the wall so we can see what's
6:12behind. Because obviously, if this false
6:14wall has been in situ for thousands of
6:18years,
6:19I mean, we all saw all of the goods that
6:21came out of Tutankhamun's tomb when it
6:23was found in like
6:241925.
6:26So, um
6:28can you imagine the stuff that's
6:30probably still behind there? So, we're
6:31waiting on permission from the Supreme
6:33Council, and then that's the plan. They
6:35are going to go behind the wall, and I
6:37will let you know if and when that
6:39happens, and we can all watch for
6:41ourselves. Or,
6:43they will keep all of the footage in a
6:45vault for 20 years, and nobody will ever
6:47see it. One or the other. And just for
6:50fairness, I'm going to put in a quote
6:51from Christopher Gaffney. He's from the
6:53University of Bradford. He was quoted in
6:55the paper of saying that this
6:57this information is fascinating, but
7:00it's not enough data to draw
7:02conclusions. Well, thank you,
7:04Christopher,
7:06for pointing out the obvious. Obviously,
7:07we can't see behind the wall, but the
7:10scans
7:13aren't contested, which is why it's been
7:15published in Nature because the
7:18type of radar scans they're using are
7:20like
7:21legit, peer-reviewed. It's got enough
7:24behind it that
7:26they literally wrote a paper on it. So,
7:28um
7:29yeah, we won't know until we see behind
7:30the wall,
7:33but it's a very strong possibility that
7:35there is stuff there. So,
7:37it's exciting. It's like something out
7:38of an Indiana Jones movie.
7:39>> Clocks won't be invented for a thousand
7:42years.
7:43Much less watches.
7:47Dad was right.
7:49It works.
7:50>> I think we need to check all of the
7:52tombs and all of the walls. Because if
7:54this one ends up with a false one, do
7:56you know what I mean? Just knock
7:58knock around. Let's I'll do it. I'm
8:01going to Egypt soon. I'll I'll give them
8:02all a bit of a knock for you.
8:05Right, onto the next segment. Now, on
8:07the subject of secret places that are
8:10hidden behind ancient sites,
8:13I want to touch on the Osiris shaft cuz
8:15obviously the Osiris shaft is well
8:17documented by now. When I went to Egypt
8:19in 2020, I got to go down inside the
8:22Osiris shaft. If you don't know what it
8:23is, it is a literal 120 20-ft drop that
8:29goes down. Underneath is like a shaft
8:32that goes down from the causeway going
8:35from
8:36the middle pyramid to the Sphinx on that
8:39big causeway. You literally hop off the
8:41causeway, go down side. There's a tiny
8:42little gated door. It's not open to the
8:44public. You have to pay a lot of special
8:46permission money to go down to the
8:48Osiris shaft and look at it. It's all
8:49very Anyway, you go down the shaft on
8:51this like rickety little metal ladder
8:53and there are three levels. The bottom
8:56level has this huge sarcophagus
9:00that was supposedly found by Zahi Hawass
9:02in the '90s, but I've done a little bit
9:04of research and it actually wasn't.
9:06But we'll get back to that. We'll get to
9:08that in a minute.
9:09Um so the Osiris shaft it's Yeah, it's
9:11getting more documented. When I went uh
9:14they were very strict that we were not
9:15allowed to film. So cameras were away.
9:17We were only allowed to look at it. We
9:18all had to have our phones away. Now,
9:20loads of people have filmed it. So you
9:22can have a look online
9:24for yourself. Now, in the '90s when Zahi
9:28Hawass said that he had discovered the
9:30Osiris shaft, which was supposedly the
9:32burial place of Osiris himself, uh he he
9:36brought in a crew. He brought camera
9:38crews in and they went down and you can
9:40find the footage online. There was Zahi
9:42Hawass showing the cameras around that
9:44he'd found
9:46he'd found this sort of three-leveled
9:48underground structure. He'd found the
9:50tomb of Osiris. That wasn't the case
9:52because actually
9:54the Osiris shaft was discovered in the
9:571930s
9:58by a gentleman called Selim Hassan and
10:01he documented
10:03everything that he found in there.
10:05And looking at Selim Hassan's account of
10:08what he found in the Osiris shaft and
10:10looking at what Zahi Hawass
10:12found, um some stuff's gone missing.
10:16Some stuff's gone missing and also Selim
10:20was he made a note of the fact that the
10:23third level of the Osiris shaft had a
10:26tunnel had a tunnel way um that was
10:29leading off towards the Sphinx. And by
10:31the time the crew came in in the '90s
10:33with Zahi Hawass, that tunnel
10:37was blocked. So,
10:39hm um now some really cool evidence has
10:42come to light to support the fact that
10:44this tunnel exists and potentially where
10:47it could go on and whatnot because in
10:49the '90s before Zahi Hawass arrived with
10:52his camera crew,
10:54the
10:55the people who actually kind of
10:58rediscovered the Osiris shaft in the
11:00'90s after Selim Hassan in the '30s,
11:03they went down and they actually did
11:05some
11:06lidar scanning, some radar scanning in
11:09the Osiris shaft and they found this
11:10tunnel and they also found another
11:14tunnel running 9 ft under
11:17the bottom level. Where are they?
11:19Someone And also to to take a
11:21sarcophagus out of out of that sh- It's
11:23it's a complete drop shaft. Like I said,
11:26you can only get to it via the rickety
11:29metal ladder. So, it would have been
11:31quite a feat. One to put them in there
11:34in the first place. We don't know how
11:35the ancients did it. Uh, but to get it
11:37out, to get it up?
11:40I mean, these things are heavy. They're
11:41literally like granite
11:43sarcophagi.
11:47Yeah, it's like an Agatha Christie
11:48whodunit.
11:50>> [snorts]
11:50>> Where are those missing sarcophagi and
11:52what are in them?
11:54Now, Zahi Hawass' report in the 1993, of
11:58the three sarcophagi that they did find,
12:01he reported himself that there was
12:03remains, that there were skeletons. And
12:06in these reports, he said that they
12:08found three sarcophagi, which were
12:10apparently from 26th dynasty, so a lot
12:13later. And I feel like
12:16obviously the Sphinx, the Sphinx
12:17enclosure, anything underground in Giza,
12:19all the pyramids, all of that stuff is
12:21at least early dynasty, at least like
12:25one to five, um, if not predynastic, but
12:29we're not going to go down that rabbit
12:30hole today. So, Zahi Hawass literally
12:33said it in his article, in his book,
12:35that they found the skeleton remains.
12:38Uh, in one of them, he actually says the
12:40mummy.
12:41What mummy? No mummy
12:44has ever been recorded coming out. Like,
12:47we can't see that mummy today. There's
12:48no traceable mummy or remains from the
12:50Osiris Shaft.
12:52So, they've just disappeared. So, we're
12:53we're we're missing three sarcophagi
12:55from 1935 to 1993, and then from 1993 to
12:59now,
13:00Zahi Hawass has disappeared
13:04some very important bones. The rumor on
13:07the ground around Cairo is that the
13:10mummy {slash} skeleton {slash} remains
13:13{slash} body that was in the Osiris
13:15Shaft was like not normal.
13:18And the reports and the rumors swirl
13:20from like
13:22not human, as in extraterrestrial,
13:25um,
13:26to them having being some sort of like
13:29winged creature, but that
13:33is I have no evidence for that. That's
13:35literally just whispers on the ground,
13:36and that's fun. That's fun to think
13:38about. But, we follow the facts,
13:41and the facts say
13:42there are just no bones.
13:44So, yes. Now, how did I How What did I
13:47Where am I getting all this information
13:48from?
13:49I have been watching a researcher called
13:51Trevor Grassi. I definitely recommend
13:53you check out his channel. He is a
13:54friend of Cosmic Summit, and um, he does
13:57an amazing video deep diving into all of
13:59the ins and outs and how he, um,
14:02researched this exact storyline and like
14:04where these bones are. And he's doing an
14:07open call to say,
14:09"Where is this missing sarcophagus?"
14:11Because one of them was a very weird
14:13shape. So, it's a very odd sarcophagus
14:16to go missing because a lot of the
14:17sarcophaguses in Egypt are quite
14:20similar, you know, one one granite box
14:22is another granite box, you know what I
14:24mean? Um, but one of them was very
14:26unusual. There's nothing else like it in
14:27Egypt. It was a small, slim,
14:31literal human size,
14:34or maybe even possibly child size
14:37sarcophagus
14:38that was on the second level.
14:40And that is totally missing. There was,
14:43um,
14:44there was like a drawing of it, I think,
14:46in the the archaeological layout report
14:48in the '90s, and it's not there anymore.
14:50There's a There's a dip in the ground
14:53in the burial sort of chamber recess,
14:57but the box is missing, and it's a
14:59really weird shape, and Trevor is on a
15:01mission to try and track down and locate
15:04where this box went because
15:07I think it's a very important puzzle
15:08piece that we are missing to the whole
15:09picture.
15:11Right. Now, let's go back downstairs and
15:13talk about that tunnel that's heading to
15:15the Sphinx and the fact that it's sort
15:17of not there anymore, but it was there
15:19in in '90s. So, the team, I think if I'm
15:23following Trevor's what Trevor's story,
15:25um the team who went down there included
15:27a guy called Boris Said, and he was one
15:30of the exact producers that used to work
15:32with John Anthony West. He was down
15:35there in one of the first teams to get
15:37down,
15:38and he witnessed and was part of the
15:39whole uh
15:41LiDAR scanning radar scanning of the
15:43very bottom of the
15:45Osiris shaft.
15:47And he brought in a seismologist called
15:51Mr. DeBecky. And Mr. DeBecky came in
15:541995, and he got all this like GPR
15:57scanning, and he was the guy that was
15:59like, yes, there is definitely a tunnel
16:00that leads further off, and there is
16:05something 9 ft below this.
16:08Um some sort of
16:10voidy
16:11cavern
16:12below where the very bottom sarcophagus
16:14is. Um very, very exciting. However,
16:18this GPR information
16:20was never made public because when they
16:23went to
16:25tell the Egyptian authorities, the
16:26Egyptian authorities were like, what?
16:28No, you you can't scan down there. We
16:30never gave you permission to scan down
16:31there. And they were like, oh, but you
16:32did. They said, no, we only gave you
16:34permission to film
16:36yourself with the scanning equipment,
16:37but you can't actually scan it. I think
16:39they thought they were making like a
16:40documentary. Well, they were, but um
16:42anyway, some sort of communication
16:44breakdown happened, and
16:46they weren't allowed to do what they
16:48were allowed to do.
16:49Um
16:50Zahi Hawass obviously
16:52became aware of what was going on down
16:53in the Osiris shaft, and immediately
16:55jumped on it, made his own thing.
16:57Um
16:59but Boris Said said that in order to
17:01raise money to go back and keep
17:02investigating, he made his own
17:05documentary, which he sold um privately
17:09back in the day. He sold VHS tapes of
17:11it. So, it wasn't an official
17:12documentary. He was just selling it like
17:14literal home paper rent VHS, trying to
17:18raise money to get back with the team
17:21and do more research on the Osireion
17:22shaft. Now, this VHS was called behind
17:25the scenes with the Magical Eye team
17:28on the Giza Plateau. And again, it's not
17:31public and it was just missing for like
17:3330 years until Trevor
17:36recently was doing his research and he
17:38came across Boris Said on a Coast to
17:40Coast uh podcast recording from 1997.
17:46That is some in-depth research. 10
17:48points to Gryffindor for you, Trevor.
17:50And in 1997,
17:52Boris Said was promoting this at home
17:55VHS video and said that there was loads
17:57of footage in there and loads of things
17:59that were not public. Um so, Trevor did
18:03a did a the he used the internet
18:06for for its best purposes, which is when
18:09people come together and we can like
18:11detective things. And he did a call,
18:13"Does anyone have a copy of this VHS? Of
18:16this like
18:18home video
18:19um
18:20documentary from Boris Said?" And
18:22someone said, "Yeah, I still have a
18:24copy.
18:25I'll send it to you." So, they sent
18:27Trevor the original VHS and also
18:29uploaded it to YouTube. So, now
18:32everybody can see all of this footage
18:34that has literally just been in like
18:35someone's cupboard for 30 years. Now, in
18:39this documentary,
18:40Boris Said showed some of these GPR
18:43scanning that the seismologist Dr. Becky
18:45did and it shows
18:48the underground um
18:51like tunnels and and caverns and it
18:53proves that the data that they were
18:54getting showed that there is more to the
18:58Osireion shaft. It definitely goes
18:59deeper and it definitely has connecting
19:01tunnels
19:02um that go outwards. And what's
19:04interesting is that this
19:06GPR data set from this lost VHS
19:09documentary
19:11correlates with the recent SAR scanning
19:15that um Filippo Biondi and Amado May did
19:18on the Osiris shaft. So,
19:20they're two different completely types
19:22of technology, two different types of
19:24scanning, um
19:25and they complement each other. They and
19:27and again, Biondi
19:29wasn't aware of this eight lost
19:30videotape, um
19:32but they show the same voids and they
19:34show the same tunnel systems. So,
19:38I think that's pretty incredible and I
19:40think what a detective
19:43story that is.
19:44Applause to everybody involved. I wish I
19:46was part of it. I'm just I'm just
19:47reporting it now. I haven't watched the
19:50whole of this
19:51uh
19:52recently found VHS documentary, but I
19:54will because in it not only did did they
19:56touch on the Osiris shaft, they also
19:58touch on the
20:00radar scanning that was done on anomaly
20:02A, which is the void that's below the
20:04left paw of the Sphinx cuz in the '90s
20:06that was that was the big buzz about the
20:08void underneath the left paw. Does
20:10anybody have any leads or information on
20:14where the lost sarcophagus is or where
20:17the lost bones are?
20:18Why were they shuffled away
20:21somewhere? Why and how did they get the
20:23boxes out? Um has anybody seen a box
20:26that looks this shape rather than the
20:29usual boxes? Has anyone seen it at the
20:31back of a museum, anywhere in the world?
20:33Like cuz it could have been shimmied out
20:35anywhere since the 1930s. Probably the
20:37British. Right, this is a tiny little
20:39news segment, but I thought it was
20:41really interesting because they have
20:42just discovered the oldest defensive
20:47structure
20:48in North Africa outside of Egypt and it
20:51is in Morocco
20:54and they have un un they have found
20:57archaeologists have have found this sort
20:58of mound that has this like defensive
21:01fort built. It's Neolithic. It is 4,000
21:04years old. It was obviously built quite
21:07ingeniously using the outcrop of the
21:10hill
21:11um
21:12to their advantage to keep the sort of
21:14settlement or the little town inside
21:17behind um
21:18safe. And it's just an interesting piece
21:20of the puzzle because a lot of
21:22archaeological stuff gets focused
21:24further along over in Egypt
21:27um
21:27or in Turkey. And it's interesting to
21:29note that over on the other side of
21:30Africa in Morocco,
21:32there were Neolithic people who were
21:34also
21:36getting their stuff together,
21:37organizing, building, planning. And
21:40it's interesting that that all that
21:41stuff's just popping out of the ground
21:44as we speak. Right, okay. So,
21:47got some really cool stuff coming out
21:50from a cave on the other side of the
21:51world in China called the Bianfu Cave,
21:56Southwest China. Uh they found
21:59two skull fragments, teeth, and part of
22:02a forearm of Denisovans, which could
22:05tell us lots of exciting things like
22:08they were much more
22:10human-sized, Homo sapien-sized than they
22:12were Neanderthals. Neanderthal obviously
22:16they're big and beefy. And it turns out
22:18that Denisovans were a little bit more
22:21a little bit more slight, a little bit
22:22more human-sized. And the teeth have
22:24been super interesting because they've
22:26been able to extract proteins that are
22:29still surviving in the enamel because
22:31these teeth are like super old, 100,000
22:33years old. And the DNA just hasn't
22:35survived. You can't test too well for
22:37the DNA. But they've worked out this new
22:40method where they can acid etch part of
22:43the tooth, and they can literally take
22:45the tiniest fragment of this tooth
22:47enamel, which still holds this this
22:50proteins. And they can test all of the
22:53genome for from this person, this
22:56Denisovan.
22:58And um
23:00and it's twofold because they can they
23:02can protect the tooth cuz obviously you
23:03don't want to crush and lose a tooth
23:05just to find out whose tooth it was and
23:08what they were.
23:09Um
23:10and also, yeah, it's a way around
23:12finding someone's DNA and sort of
23:14tracking the genomes um without actually
23:16having any DNA. So, that's a little
23:19applause for the scientists working that
23:21one out cuz way above my pay grade.
23:23Okay, so this also fills a little hole
23:26in the map for Denisovans because we now
23:29know that they were in Siberia, northern
23:31Tibet, Taiwan, and now south southwest
23:35China. So,
23:37they were, you know, they were traveling
23:39about. And we also know more about how
23:43they were getting it on, breeding,
23:45mating
23:46with
23:48other Homo sapiens because the protein
23:52that was found in this tooth enamel,
23:53there's a specific protein that this
23:55Denisovans had. It's found in still
23:58today in modern-day humans that are
24:02living around the area and I think a
24:05little bit in the Philippines, sort of
24:07that corner of the world only and
24:09exclusively. So, that is more more
24:13evidence that these ancient Denisovans
24:16were
24:17making babies with ancient modern humans
24:21and they have literally carried this
24:24protein is in the genome of modern
24:26humans as well. So, that's pretty like
24:30crazy to get your head around. The whole
24:31topic of ancient man and all of these
24:33different kind of like cousins um that
24:37we had, it I find it very hard to get my
24:39head around cuz I'm like, what do you
24:40mean they're like not human but like
24:43kind of human but they were human enough
24:47that they were having sex. But they
24:49weren't human enough to be classed as a
24:52human and that's a very weird area for
24:55my brain to live in. Um
24:58So, I yeah, it's it's very weird, but
25:00very fascinating. Both teeth came from
25:03males. That's not neither really here
25:05nor there, but cool to know. Cool to
25:07know that they can find that out just
25:08from like the tooth protein. Oh, they
25:11also found over 1,300
25:15stone and bone tools, which were showing
25:18that the Denisovans were very skilled at
25:23hunting and just skilled at like,
25:27you know, making and using tools, I
25:28guess. So, with the picture of them and
25:31their life and their capabilities, um
25:33it's just growing. We already knew that
25:34they were quite good at making stuff
25:36because, um over in Siberia, in the in
25:39the other cool cave, where they found,
25:41um
25:42the the mixed
25:44the mixed heritage girl, um who had a
25:47Neanderthal Was it a Neanderthal mom
25:50and a Denisovan dad, or the other way
25:51around? Anyway, it was she was half and
25:53half Denisovan and Neanderthal, and she
25:56was
25:57in the cave, they found, um I said she,
25:59I think they found like one tooth. But,
26:01they also found her bracelet, and it was
26:02the famous jade bracelet that had the
26:04very detailed like drill hole. So, we
26:07already knew that they were very good,
26:08but this find is obviously huge for just
26:11adding to the collection and the
26:13historical record of all the tools that
26:15the Denisovans had. Talking about this
26:18technique for looking at
26:21tooth genome sequencing protein
26:24sequencing um from the genomes in your
26:26tooth. It's also showed something pretty
26:29cool. It has managed to sort of trace
26:32and locate, actually literally the tool
26:34that is built that found this is called
26:36trace, tracking archaic contributions
26:39via ARG estimation. ARG stands for
26:43ancestral recombination graph.
26:47Say that 10 times fast.
26:48Basically, it's the family tree hidden
26:50in our genomes. And
26:53um
26:54yeah, that's why this using this trace
26:56system it can find uh ancient ancestors
26:59in our DNA without needing their DNA.
27:01You just need little little tiny protein
27:03from the tooth enamel.
27:04Um and we can help uh rebuild the family
27:07tree by looking at these proteins and
27:10some geniuses somewhere sequencing them
27:12on some sort of software.
27:14And they have found that there is
27:16definitely a ghost lineage somewhere
27:19that makes up the modern-day human.
27:21We've got little bits, not every human,
27:23but um in general Homo sapiens have
27:26little archaic bits of DNA from
27:31the Neanderthals,
27:32from the Denisovans,
27:35and
27:36now definitely from this ghost lineage,
27:39and they call it the super archaic
27:41lineage. They found this tooth protein
27:44from this ghost lineage.
27:46This ghost lineage, we're going to call
27:48them the old cousins.
27:51And they mated with the Denisovans and
27:54passed on this like
27:57tooth protein genome sequence to them,
28:00and then the Denisovans mated with
28:02humans, and that's why
28:04we can track it and trace it in our
28:07genome sequence today. Does that make
28:09sense? Um so it's very exciting. It's
28:11very exciting, but we still are no
28:13closer to finding out who this ghost
28:15genome were. Were they more like us,
28:18less like us?
28:20I mean,
28:21they obviously can't have been, again,
28:23too far from us with the fact that they
28:25were like getting it on with the
28:27Denisovans. So they must have been a
28:28little bit beauty, but
28:31we don't know, but we just know that
28:33they're there, and that's very exciting.
28:35And oh yes, I remember this. And
28:38what's super useful is that this
28:41genome that was passed
28:43from
28:45the ghosts to the Denisovans to us. It's
28:48the reason why it's stayed in us and
28:50been in evolution and been really useful
28:52is that it's really useful in bolstering
28:55our immune system and fighting off
28:57viruses and bacteria. So, if you are
28:59lucky enough to have this like blessing
29:02from the ancient ghost lineage,
29:04um you have
29:06a bolstered immune system for like
29:08fighting off
29:10all of the the viruses and bacteria. So,
29:13that's very cool.
29:14Maybe they were this like
29:16really rock hard
29:18couldn't be killed by a cold
29:22kind of human cousin. I bet they would
29:24have fallen in love, too. It wasn't all
29:26just about making babies.
29:30Imagine that. You having to
29:31bring home like, "Mom, okay, he's just
29:33he's very different.
29:35Okay, he's he's no, he's not like us.
29:38He's actually a Denisovan." Right, and
29:41that pretty much sums it up. So,
29:45in short,
29:46we've found more bits of Denisovan and
29:48it's taught us that we're connected
29:50directly to this ghost lineage and that
29:54if you have that in your ancestry
29:56personally,
29:57um you can fight off colds better.
29:59So, that's cool. And that also
30:01Denisovans were probably a little bit
30:02more
30:03looking like humans uh than
30:05Neanderthals. But, it didn't really
30:07matter at the end of the day
30:08because
30:10they were all getting it on anyway. So,
30:14there we are.
30:15Thank you for watching. If you've made
30:16it to the end of the video, make sure
30:18you check out
30:20the rest of the episodes because we do
30:22this bi-weekly. Um
30:24big shout out to Trevor Grassi and his
30:26research channel. Thank you very much
30:27for updating us on the lost VHS
30:30documentaries of ancient Egypt. And
30:33yeah, we will see you guys in the next
30:36episode.
30:38Happy hunting.
30:52>> Hey.

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