Blood Supply of the Eye Scheme (Ophthalmic Artery & Vein) - Anatomy — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:03What’s up, Meditay here and In this  video, we’re gonna talk detailed
2. 0:07about the vascular supply of the eyeball We’ll start with the ophthalmic artery and
3. 0:11then quickly run through the veins So - I wanna start here because
4. 0:15orientation is everything, really. If we look at the lateral view of the skull,
5. 0:19And remove the frontal and zygomatic bone We’ll be able to see the ethmoidal bone
6. 0:25And the optic canal, from which the  ophthalmic artery comes from. Now I want
7. 0:29you to take a mental picture Of this specific area
8. 0:32Because I’ve simplified it in  order to map the artery easier
9. 0:36So the ethmoidal bone and the optic  canal is here, and for orientation sake
10. 0:41The lacrimal gland is here on the  upper lateral region of each orbit
11. 0:46Now The ophthalmic artery comes through the optic
12. 0:49canal and stays on the medial side of the Eye No, for the branches,
13. 0:54I like to use DR MCLESSI as a mnemonic Arranging them like this, our first side brach
14. 1:00Is the dorsal nasal. I kinda slipped off  the tongue here saying it’s a side branch
15. 1:02The dorsal nasal is more of a terminal  branch of the ophthalmic artery.
16. 1:07It goes out at the medial corner of each Eye. And then communicates with the angular artery,
17. 1:13as you see here, which comes from the  facial artery of the external carotid.
18. 1:17So that’s this one Next is the R, R for Central Retinal Artery
19. 1:23It pierces the eyeball together  with the optic nerve and then
20. 1:27Branches off supplying the retina So - remember the layers of the Eye?
21. 1:32There’s first the sclera, then the choroid,  and then the retina. So as you see here,
22. 1:38the artery branches out specifically to the retina Next is the M
23. 1:44For the muscular branch, Supplying the external muscles of the Eye
24. 1:50So remember you got 4 rectus muscles - or  straight muscles, and two oblique muscles.
25. 1:56One on the top and one on the bottom. The artery will supply all of them
26. 2:01and then give off an important branch  called the anterior ciliary artery,
27. 2:05which forms a vascular zone under the conjunctiva  of the Eye. And it doesn’t really do that alone.
28. 2:11The posterior ciliary artery will pierce  the eyeball from the posterior side
29. 2:17And contribute to the vascular supply Of the eyeball. And I wanna spend a minute
30. 2:24To tell you about this circle  as it’s really important
31. 2:27So again, here are the three layers of the  eyeball. The sclera, choroid, and retina
32. 2:33Up here you have the conjunctival membrane  which is a mucosal membrane covering the sclera
33. 2:38and then there’s the cornea covering  the anterior side of the Eye.
34. 2:42With the Iris here And the Lens.
35. 2:44And of course, there’s the Ciliary  body and the suspensory ligaments.
36. 2:48So that’s the general anatomy. But essentially from the extraocular muscles,
37. 2:54remember The anterior
38. 2:56ciliary artery goes out to then supply The conjunctiva; contributes to the vascular
39. 3:02zone of the conjunctiva. And you see this a lot Those are the superficial vessels between the
40. 3:08conjunctiva and the sclera  you see grossly on the Eye
41. 3:11But the anterior ciliary also has branches  to the major arterial circle of Iris.
42. 3:18And remember I just mentioned  the posterior ciliary arteries?
43. 3:21Both short and long Posterior ciliary  arteries lie in the choroid part of the eye
44. 3:26The long ones will help contribute to this circle
45. 3:30And the short ones will  form a small arterial circle
46. 3:33Called the intramuscular arterial circle, So Zooming into this area
47. 3:39This is how it really looks like. Supplying  the structures of the Eye, like the Iris,
48. 3:43and the ciliary body, and the choroid, and  so on. We’ll get back to this again later
49. 3:47in this video when we go through the veins  because there’re gonna be veins here as well.
50. 3:51So that’s these two. Next L for lacrimal artery
51. 3:56Supplying the lacrimal gland. It does  have one important side branch called the
52. 4:01Lateral Palpebral artery supplying the  lateral part of the eyelids. Next E
53. 4:07For Ethmoidal Arteries. There are  the Anterior and posterior ones
54. 4:12They run through the ethmoidal  foramen, as you see here.
55. 4:16They both eventually end up  in the nasal cavity, but the
56. 4:19Anterior ethmoidal will first run through  the anterior cranial fossa to supply
57. 4:24The anterior meninges. Then it’ll  go down through the cribriform plate
58. 4:29To meet up with the posterior ethmoidal –  supplying the nasal cavity. They contribute to
59. 4:35Form a plexus of arteries in the nasal  septum called kisselbach’s area or
60. 4:40Little’s area. This is the area that you  usually rupture when you have a nosebleed.
61. 4:45It’s formed by the greater palatine and the  sphenopalatine of the maxillary artery and
62. 4:50the superior labial of the Facial artery and the  ethmoidal arteries of the ophthalmic. So… that’s
63. 4:58These. Next Supraorbital
64. 5:01Artery, which Goes upwards
65. 5:03Through the supraorbital fissure. It supplies  the skin and muscles of the forehead, and
66. 5:10Anestemose with the frontal branch  of the superficial temporal artery.
67. 5:15Then we got one similar, called  the supratrochlear artery
68. 5:18Which also passes upwards But through the frontal foramen,
69. 5:22which is a little medially  to the supraorbital fissure.
70. 5:26The supratrochlear artery will also supply  the skin and muscles of the forehead.
71. 5:31The last letter, I, stands for  internal, or medial palpebral artery,
72. 5:36Which goes out on the medial side of the Eye Forming a superior and inferior palpebral arch
73. 5:43together with the Lateral palpebral  artery, supplying the eyelids.
74. 5:47So that’s mainly it for the ophthalmic artery. Let’s quickly do the veins. The venous drainage
75. 5:53Happens with the help of the superior and inferior  ophthalmic vein Draining into the cavernous sinus
76. 6:00From the superior ophthalmic vein  comes the central retinal Vein
77. 6:04Going together with the central retinal  artery to drain the retina from blood
78. 6:09Then there’s the Vorticose veins. Two from
79. 6:12the superior and two from the inferior side. Remember I showed you this scheme of ciliary
80. 6:18arteries making up the major  and minor arterial circle?
81. 6:21The varicose veins contribute to this,  draining most structures of the eyeball.
82. 6:26So these are very important. Now Essentially both the superior
83. 6:30and inferior ophthalmic vein drain from the  angular vein, which comes from the facial vein.
84. 6:36The superior drain from it as the nasofrontal  vein, but the inferior will divide into 2 branches
85. 6:43One branch will join the pterygoid plexus  through the inferior orbital fissure.
86. 6:48While the other branch will connect  with the superior ophthalmic vein.
87. 6:52So that’s a brief look at the  vascular supply of the eyeball.
88. 6:56I really hope you found this  video helpful until next time.