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Bahmani Empire || బహమనీ సామ్రాజ్యం || #history #indianhistory #telugu — Transcript

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0:01The Bahmani Kingdom was established in
0:041347 by a ruler named Alauddin Hasan
0:07Bahman Shah. The Bahmani Empire existed
0:12in India from the year 1347 to 1518.
0:16The Bahmani Sultanate is known as the
0:19first Muslim kingdom in the Deccan
0:21region of India. It rose as a prominent
0:24power in the south and fought wars
0:26against the mighty Vijayanagara Empire
0:29of that time. Let us now learn about
0:31such a kingdom. Please support this
0:33video by hitting the like button. Also,
0:35if you haven't joined our Telegram
0:37channel yet, please join immediately.
0:39Now, let us move into the topic. The
0:42Bahmani Sultanate is also known as the
0:44Bahmani Empire and the Bahmani Kingdom.
0:47It was a Muslim empire in the southern
0:50Deccan region, famous for its ongoing
0:53conflicts with the Vijayanagara Empire.
0:57This empire was founded in the year
1:001347 by Alauddin Bahman Shah. The
1:03capital of the Bahmani state was
1:05initially Ahsanabad, now known as
1:08Gulbarga. Later on, they shifted their
1:11capital from Ahsanabad to Muhammadabad.
1:15Muhammadabad is now known as Bidar.
1:19After the fall of the Yadavas,
1:21Kakatiyas, and Khiljis to the Tughlaq
1:24rulers, the Tughlaqs appointed Muslim
1:26governors in the Deccan region. Some
1:29officials were appointed to oversee
1:32military and revenue duties in the
1:34villages. Thus, the Tughlaq rulers
1:37governed the Delhi Sultanate by keeping
1:40officials and governors under them.
1:43Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah was one of
1:45these governors. During that time, he
1:48served as an official under Muhammad
1:50bin Tughlaq, the ruler of the Tughlaq
1:53dynasty governing the Delhi Sultanate.
1:55However, in the year 1347, a series of
1:58rebellions broke out. The Delhi
2:00Sultanate empire also began to decline.
2:04At that time, Alauddin Bahman Shah
2:06broke away from the Delhi Sultanate and
2:08established his own independent empire.
2:11That was the Bahmani Empire. The
2:14Bahmani Kingdom is one of the most
2:16renowned, and its history is great
2:18because the Bahmani Sultanate had 14
2:21sultans. It ruled for over two
2:25centuries. Now, let us take a look at
2:28the rulers of the Bahmani Empire.
2:30Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah. He founded
2:33this empire. He is the first ruler of
2:36the Bahmani Empire. His original name
2:39was Zafar Khan; he was also called
2:42Hasan Gangu. Influential Sufi saints of
2:45that period supported Hasan Gangu's
2:47political authority. With their support
2:51, Hasan Gangu adopted the title
2:53Alauddin Bahman Shah. From then on, he
2:56was known as Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah
2:59. Alauddin Bahman Shah broke away from
3:02the Delhi Sultanate and declared
3:04himself Sultan of the new kingdom. His
3:07founding of the Bahmani Kingdom brought
3:09significant changes to the politics of
3:12South India. Alauddin Bahman Shah ruled
3:16this empire from 1347 AD to 1357. He
3:21made Ahsanabad the capital of the
3:24Bahmani Kingdom during his reign. He
3:27expanded his empire across the entire
3:29Deccan region, including present-day
3:31Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and
3:34Andhra Pradesh. Under his rule, this
3:37kingdom became a power in the Deccan
3:39region. During his reign, he frequently
3:43clashed with the Vijayanagara Empire
3:45and the Warangal state. He divided his
3:48kingdom into four regions. These
3:51regions are called provinces (tarafs).
3:54Those four provinces were Gulbarga,
3:57Daulatabad, Berar, and Bidar; he led
4:00his first war against Warangal in 1350.
4:04At that time, the Warangal king, Kapaya
4:06Nayaka, handed over the Kaulas fort to
4:08him. By the end of his reign, the
4:11Bahmani Sultanate had expanded
4:13significantly. After him, his son
4:16Muhammad Shah became the ruler of this
4:19empire. He ruled this empire from the
4:23year 1358 to 1375. He ascended the
4:27throne after his father, Alauddin
4:29Bahman Shah. In later days, he defeated
4:33the Kapaya Nayaks of Warangal and Bukka
4:35, the ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire.
4:38He expanded his empire. In later days,
4:42like his father, he fought several wars
4:44against the Vijayanagara and Warangal
4:46kingdoms. In the year 1367, he built a
4:50mosque at Gulbarga. However, he was
4:54addicted to alcohol. Because of this,
4:57he died in the year 1375. After him,
5:01Muhammad Shah II ascended the throne.
5:05He ruled this empire from the year 1378
5:09to 1397. He ascended this throne in the
5:13year 1378. However, he maintained
5:16friendly relations with neighboring
5:18kingdoms. He provided medical
5:20facilities to the people of his state.
5:24After him, Firoz Shah Bahmani became
5:26the ruler of this empire. He ruled this
5:30empire from the year 1397 to 1422. He
5:35was a great general and one of the most
5:38important rulers of the Bahmani Empire.
5:42He built an observatory near Daulatabad
5:44and promoted astronomy. He also
5:48encouraged trade through maritime
5:50routes from the Persian Gulf and the
5:53Red Sea. In later days, he also founded
5:57the city of Firozabad. He was highly
6:00proficient in both natural sciences and
6:02religious studies. He also included a
6:06large number of Hindus in his
6:08government. Later, he attacked and
6:12achieved victories over Vijayanagara in
6:151398 and 1408. But in the year 1420, he
6:18was defeated by Devaraya I. However, in
6:22later days, he married the daughter of
6:25Devaraya I. He supported literature,
6:28art, and culture. After him, his
6:30brother, Ahmad Shah I, became the ruler
6:33of this empire. He ruled this empire
6:38from the year 1422 to 1436. He was a
6:42cruel ruler. Historians say that he was
6:46heartless. He conquered the Warangal
6:49kingdom. He also shifted his capital
6:52from Gulbarga to Bidar. He is also
6:56called Wali. Wali means a saint. He
7:00captured a large amount of territory.
7:03In later days, he built a tomb for the
7:07Sufi saint Gesu Daraz. He died in the
7:11year 1436. The next great ruler,
7:15Muhammad Shah III, ruled this empire
7:19from 1463 to 1482. He ascended this
7:23throne in the year 1463. He was nine
7:27years old then; when Muhammad Shah III
7:30was crowned Sultan at the age of nine,
7:32Mahmud Gawan was his Prime Minister.
7:36Due to Muhammad Shah III being young,
7:39the burden of administration fell on
7:41Prime Minister Mahmud Gawan. Mahmud
7:44Gawan was an Iranian merchant who came
7:46to India during the Bahmani Sultan's
7:49reign, where he formed a good
7:51connection with the Bahmani Sultans. He
7:54received a warm welcome there. At that
7:57time, he was given the title '
7:59Malik-ut-Tujjar'. Because of their
8:02relationship and his great skill, he
8:04became the Prime Minister during
8:06Muhammad Shah III's reign. In those
8:09days, the Prime Minister was also
8:11called the 'Peshwa'. He served as Prime
8:13Minister for nearly 20 years. Although
8:17Muhammad Shah III was the nominal king,
8:20Mahmud Gawan handled all the state
8:22affairs. Mahmud Gawan patronized art
8:26and architecture. He built a
8:29magnificent madrasa in the Persian
8:31style in Bidar, the capital of the
8:34Bahmani Empire. Mahmud Gawan defeated
8:36the ruler of Orissa and expanded the
8:39Bahmani kingdom by annexing the
8:40territories in the east. He also
8:43conquered the Vijayanagara territories
8:46up to Kanchi. However, fellow officials
8:49in the Bahmani Sultanate, including
8:52Mahmud Gawan, were jealous of him. This
8:54was because Mahmud Gawan had already
8:57achieved many victories. Moreover, the
8:59entire empire was under his control.
9:01Therefore, many people did not like him
9:04. Some officials then spoke ill of him
9:08to the Bahmani Sultan, Muhammad Shah
9:10III, and leveled baseless accusations
9:13against him. In 1482, Muhammad Shah III
9:17had Mahmud Gawan executed by hanging.
9:21However, Muhammad Shah III also passed
9:23away in the same year. The rulers who
9:27governed the empire after his death
9:29were weak. Officials under the Bahmani
9:33Empire then declared their independence
9:35and broke away from the empire. Thus,
9:38the Bahmani Empire split into five
9:40small kingdoms under its former
9:42officials. Those five small kingdoms
9:45were Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar,
9:48Golconda, and Bidar; in later days,
9:50these five kingdoms fought among
9:53themselves. These five kingdoms were
9:56known as the Deccan Sultanates. Let us
9:59now take a look at the administration
10:01of the Bahmani kingdom. The
10:03Vakil-us-Sultan was the Peshwa, meaning
10:06Prime Minister; the Wazir-i-Kul oversaw
10:09all other ministries. Next was the
10:14Amir-i-Jumla, head of the finance
10:16department; then the Wazir, deputy
10:19chief of the finance department; the
10:22Wazir-i-Ashraf, head of the royal court
10:24; the Sadr-i-Jahan, head of the
10:27religious department; the Kotwal, head
10:30of the police department; and the
10:32Tarafdar, a provincial governor.
10:36However, there were several wars
10:38between the Bahmani Empire and the
10:40Vijayanagara Empire. The main cause of
10:42conflict between the Bahmani Kingdom
10:44and the Vijayanagara Empire was the
10:47Raichur Doab region. It was a very
10:49fertile land. In 1504, the Bahmani
10:52Kingdom brought the Raichur Doab region
10:55under its control. But during the reign
10:59of Krishnadevaraya, the Vijayanagara
11:01Empire captured Raichur and other towns
11:04. Even after the Bahmani Kingdom split
11:08into five separate kingdoms by 1526,
11:10wars continued between the Vijayanagara
11:12Empire and the Deccan Sultanates over
11:14this region. This dispute eventually
11:19led to the Battle of Talikota in 1565.
11:22The Battle of Talikota took place in
11:25the year 1565. The war was fought
11:27between the Vijayanagara Empire and the
11:29Deccan Sultanates. The Deccan
11:31Sultanates here refers to the newly
11:34established Ahmednagar, Bijapur,
11:36Golconda, and Bidar, which broke away
11:38from the Bahmani Empire; this battle
11:40took place near the village of Talikota
11:43in present-day Karnataka. Aliya Rama
11:46Raya led the Vijayanagara army. Aliya
11:50Rama Raya was killed in this battle.
11:52Then the Vijayanagara Empire retreated.
11:55This led to the defeat of Vijayanagara.
11:57This battle is an important event in
12:00the history of South India. The Bahmani
12:02Sultans followed the administrative
12:05system of the Delhi Sultanate. However,
12:07their two capital cities, Bidar and
12:10Gulbarga, served as the main centers
12:13for Bahmani architecture. Their
12:16important structures include the
12:18Gulbarga Fort, Haft Gumbaz in Gulbarga,
12:21the Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan in Bidar,
12:24and the Bahmani Tombs; the Sultan
12:27himself was the commander-in-chief of
12:30the army. Their army consisted of
12:33infantry, cavalry, war elephants, and
12:36cannons. Also, land revenue was the
12:38primary source of income during this
12:40period. One-third of the agricultural
12:43produce was collected as tax. The
12:45Bahmani Sultans patronized Sufi saints.
12:49Due to this, the Sufi faith took root
12:52in the South. So, in today's video, we
12:54learned about the Bahmani Sultanate. In
12:57the next video, we will learn about the
12:59five small kingdoms that split from the
13:01Bahmani Sultanate. If you liked this
13:04video, subscribe to our channel now and
13:06keep the bell icon turned on. Let's
13:08meet again in the next video.

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