Arteries of the Thorax (Thoracic Aorta) EASY Scheme — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00Alright so in this video we’re gonna be  looking at the branches of the Thoracic Aorta
2. 0:03So, by using this picture as a base I think  we’ll be able to cover most of the branches
3. 0:09supplying structures in the thoracic cavity.  So one of the most important thing you need
4. 0:14to know is that the aorta starts at the  heart, going out from the left ventricle as
5. 0:19the Aortic Bulb, from where  the coronary arteries leave,
6. 0:22It then ascends And curves forming
7. 0:25the aortic arch, and from the aortic arch You’re gonna see 3 major arteries going
8. 0:31out, those are the Left subclavian artery, The left Common Carotid Artery,
9. 0:35And the Brachiocephalic trunk, which divides into The right Common carotid artery and the
10. 0:41right subclavian artery, which becomes the  axillary artery once it passes the 1st rib.
11. 0:45And now – after the Aortic Arch It becomes the Thoracic aorta, which pierces the
12. 0:51diaphragm thourgh a hole called the aortic hiatus, Becoming the abdominal aorta,
13. 0:56so the diaphragm is really the landmark here. So.. the thoracic aorta will curve.. right?
14. 1:06Starts off first on the left side of the vertebra, And then ends up on the median
15. 1:11line in front of the vertebra Now let’s look at the side branches.
16. 1:14The side branches of the thoracic aorta are Divided into the visceral and the parietal
17. 1:20branches. Visceral branches goes to the visceral  organs, and parietal branches goes to.. basically
18. 1:27everything that’s not the visceral organs. So now let’s first start with the parietal
19. 1:31branches. The parietal branches here  are divided into 2 arterial groups.
20. 1:36The first ones are the ten arteries running  along the lower border of the ribs on each side.
21. 1:42More specifically, they run along the lower border  of the 3rd to the 12th rib, and these are the
22. 1:49Posterior intercostal arteries The upper two posterior intercostal
23. 1:55arteries comes from the supreme intercostal  artery, which remember comes from the
24. 2:00Costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. And all these posterior intercostal
25. 2:06arteries will connect with The internal thoracic artery,
26. 2:09which also comes from the subclavial artery.  The upper 6 posterior intercostal arteries will
27. 2:15connect directly with the internal thoracic arteru Through the anterior intercostal artery. And
28. 2:21then remember, the internal thoracic  artery will split at the 7th rib into
29. 2:27The Superior epigastric artery, which  meets the inferior epigastric arteru,
30. 2:32And the musculophrenic artery. The musculophrenic  artery is the one that give off the lower 6
31. 2:40anterior intercostal arteries, connecting with  the lower 6 posterior intercostal arteries.
32. 2:45And through the posterior and the  anterior intercostal arteries,
33. 2:50the muscles between he ribs will also be supplies  by these. But the posterior intercostal arteries
34. 2:55Do have side branches, and each posterior  intercostal artery will give off the same
35. 3:01sidebranch, bur for simplicity, I’ll  only show one artery of each sidebranch.
36. 3:08So the first one is the collateral  branch, originating from the costal angle,
37. 3:13and supplies the structures of it’s  intercostal space and the skin.
38. 3:19Next is the lateral cutenaous branch for the skin  of the lateral and anterior parts of the trunk.
39. 3:25Then there’s the dorsal branch, for the skin and  deep muscles of the back. They do also have some
40. 3:32branches supplying the spinal cord aswell. And  so remember each posterior intercostal artery
41. 3:37have these sidebranches, alright? So there’s gonna be one more,
42. 3:41that this one is only for females, Arising from the 4th to 6th posterior
43. 3:47intercostal arteries to supply the mammary gland,  and these are the lateral mammary arteries.
44. 3:52Sot hats the posterior intercostal arteries Just remember that the last posterior intercostal
45. 3:58artery is called subcostal artery. The other parietal branch of
46. 4:03the thoracic aorta is the Superior phrenic arteries,
47. 4:06that supply the diaphragm. Now over to the  visceral branches. There are 4 visceral
48. 4:12branches from the thoracic aorta, First the bronchial branch
49. 4:16They enter the lungs through the root  fo the kungs, at the pulmonary hilum
50. 4:22And supply the lungs, the bronchi  and the visceral pleura with blood
51. 4:26Then there’s the mediastinal branches. And  these are many branches that supply many
52. 4:31structures here in the posterior mediastinum  like lymph nodes, fibers and fatty tissue.
53. 4:36Then there’s the Esophageal branch, supplying  the esophagus. The upper part of the branch
54. 4:43Communicates with the esophageal branch of the  inferior thyroid artery which remember comes from
55. 4:49the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. It also communicated with the left gastric artery
56. 4:55at the lower part of the esophagus. The last Branch is the pericardial branch,
57. 5:03supplying the pericardium, together With the pericardial branch of the
58. 5:08internal thoracic artery. So that’s all I had for the
59. 5:12thoracic aorta. I really hope you found  this video useful. See you next time.