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ARCH 1311 Lecture 26 - Video #1: Architecture & Humanism — Transcript

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0:03this lecture is the beginning of unit
0:05four human behavior and the built
0:08environment in today's lecture we're
0:10going to be talking about architecture
0:12and
0:14humanism now some of what we've been
0:16talking about focuses on issues of form
0:20and space and how the building appears
0:24how it's organized in terms of structure
0:27or
0:28perhaps walls roofs and
0:32floors in this unit we're really
0:34focusing on how humans impact
0:39architecture how their behavior impacts
0:42how buildings are
0:44arranged and also the inverse of that so
0:49how a person's built environment or a
0:52culture's built environment influ
0:54influences the behavior of the people in
0:58it now we see many examples of this we
1:01see examples of this throughout
1:03history and we look historically to
1:07examples of people creating habitats for
1:11themselves that will adapt to their
1:14needs they might adapt to their own
1:18climate their own desire to organize
1:21their spaces in a certain way or we see
1:25where the environment that is
1:28surrounding either an individ ual or a
1:30culture how that impacts them for good
1:34and sometimes for bad so let's take a
1:38look at what humanism actually
1:45is so what is
1:48humanism in the general sense it
1:51basically just states that all humans
1:54have value and regardless of the
1:58differences in humans and their behavior
2:01and their culture and their needs that
2:04we all have common needs as human
2:08beings the other thing that humanism
2:11says is that we are trying to find
2:15rational ways of solving common problems
2:18that humans
2:20have now when we talk about humanism and
2:23architecture how does that apply
2:27well if we talk about human being having
2:30value and all having common needs then
2:34we start to address at the very basic
2:36level what all humans need in terms of
2:40architecture so sometimes we talk about
2:43how people need shelter they need uh
2:48running water they need clean facilities
2:52they need to use the bathroom they need
2:55all different kinds of things they need
2:57to eat they need to prepare food so just
3:01as humans Staying Alive we all have
3:04common needs now those needs may or may
3:08not be met they may be met in different
3:11ways but if we look at humanism and
3:14architecture it's core kind of basic
3:16form we're talking about you know what
3:20are needs that are common to all humans
3:23and how can we start to address those
3:28things so human needs in regard to
3:32architecture really we focus on shelter
3:35I mean human basic human needs include
3:38the need for food
3:41water healthc
3:44care
3:45safety um but architecture really
3:49encompasses the need for
3:51shelter now why do we need shelter as
3:54humans well you know for a variety of
3:57reasons you know some of them we kind of
4:00mentioned uh for safety maybe
4:03security um but a lot of times we have
4:07the need for shelter because of the
4:10elements you know to protect us from the
4:13wind and rain and just general basic
4:17survival depending on the climate you
4:20know we may need protection from the Sun
4:23or from the cold where if we don't have
4:26that shelter or that protection we will
4:28literally die you know there's there's
4:30not something that is just a kind of a
4:35wish or a desire it's it's a true human
4:39need so shelter is what we really start
4:41to focus
4:43on when we're talking about human needs
4:46now this is really at a basic level so
4:49we look at needs initially because these
4:53are things that tend to be more
4:55common with all humans and they tend to
4:58be more common culture to culture and
5:01Country to Country and it doesn't
5:04really have to be specific to a certain
5:07Society it's like these are needs that
5:09are common to all
5:13people we also have cultural needs and
5:17often when we talk about cultural needs
5:20we talk about how a culture or a society
5:24works and how it behaves so this is an
5:29image of Mesa Verde in
5:32Colorado and this is a um kind of an
5:37ancient structure historical structure
5:40built by the Pueblo people and we really
5:43start to get a sense of how their
5:46culture functioned so here we're seeing
5:49more permanent dwellings where if you
5:53had a hunter gatherer Society then that
5:58Society in terms of shelter tended to be
6:01nomadic meaning they would move around
6:04because they're going to go where the
6:06food is so if you're a hunter gatherer
6:08Society you're going
6:10to establish a location in a certain
6:14area and you're going to you know uh
6:19find you know animals or plants or
6:21whatever it is for food and your shelter
6:24is going to be temporary until you have
6:26used your food sources there and then
6:28you're going to move on to the next
6:31area but this is a more kind
6:34of I guess Advanced approach or a um an
6:39approach that
6:40addresses the location of the society so
6:45as climates tended to be both warmer and
6:49drier not that Colorado is super warm
6:52but um you know as you get further south
6:56especially in the United States where
6:58you can tend to have have more
7:01permanent housing or more permanent
7:04shelter and then people can go out and
7:07find food and come back so it kind of
7:10depends on the food sources in the area
7:13it really depends on the climate weather
7:17patterns you know what things are like
7:19throughout the year if you have to
7:21travel in order to avoid the seasons or
7:24maybe you
7:26establish locations for shelter in
7:29different places depending on the
7:32season but also just architecturally
7:34this is extremely significant because of
7:37how it's built it's built into the Rock
7:39it's built under the shelter of this
7:42kind of huge Rock shelf and when you're
7:46up above you can probably see the trees
7:48up above it's as if you're going to
7:51completely miss that so there's you know
7:54ideas of Safety and Security this is
7:57protected in many different ways it's
8:00protected from the elements it's
8:02protected from being seen and it also
8:06protects the culture and the way in
8:09which it operates so you know based on
8:12how these dwellings are set up we can
8:15gather that families live together and
8:19larger families lived adjacent to one
8:21another so there there's not a whole lot
8:24of separation and in that way families
8:27could help each other so if people were
8:30out you know getting food or you know
8:34leaving their settlement then there are
8:37other people to help with children and
8:40older people in the society so you
8:43really see this as a culture fulfilling
8:47its needs as as an entire Society by its
8:51built environment so you know since
8:54they're closely together they you know
8:57are less likely to be
9:01kind of um attacked or they can you know
9:04have a good position of being secure and
9:08perhaps defending themselves in the
9:09location where they're at but we really
9:12see the cultural needs of the society
9:14play out in its built environment and
9:16it's really tailored and customized
9:20precisely to their needs as a
9:24culture we also have individual needs
9:27you know sometimes those crossover
9:30into and from cultural needs but you
9:34know we all have needs as humans we have
9:37to eat these women are preparing some uh
9:41Chili Peppers and um some other foods
9:44for people to eat um but we need
9:50to survive as human beings so we have
9:54biological needs and those need to be
9:57met in various ways sometimes those are
10:00met through shelter and through
10:02architecture so you know sometimes that
10:05might not be a permanent structure but
10:10if you have for example the need to eat
10:13food then you probably need a place to
10:16prepare the food now that doesn't
10:18necessarily mean you have a room or you
10:21have an enclosed area or you have a
10:23kitchen it just means you know if that's
10:27a blue tarp that hopefully is um usable
10:32for food purposes then that's that's
10:36where the food is going to be prepared
10:38and if it's prepared by multiple people
10:41then you need room for that you just
10:43need the space to be able to fulfill
10:46those needs now sometimes the space
10:48isn't there the economics of creating
10:53spaces to fulfill human needs are not
10:55there and sometimes you see a breakdown
10:58in uh Safety and Security and sometimes
11:03you see breakdowns in uh health for
11:08individuals but that's where it's coming
11:10from we're talking about how do we
11:12fulfill people's individual needs and
11:17maintain it in a way that is conducive
11:20to people surviving now we're really
11:22talking about survival and kind of basic
11:24human needs we're not talking about
11:26wants or desires at this point but
11:29really fulfilling human needs and how
11:32does the buil built environment develop
11:35around those individual
11:40needs we all have a diversity of needs
11:43depending
11:45on uh our culture our society there are
11:49a million different things that can
11:50impact the needs that we have as humans
11:53you know sometimes when basic needs are
11:56met sometimes people say things like
11:59well I need this or I need this and that
12:02really probably gets into wants or
12:06desires but when we're talking about um
12:09you know perhaps your needs are met for
12:13basic shelter or food but what if you're
12:16in a cold climate well you need to stay
12:19warm in order to survive now we don't
12:22necessarily think of that sometimes in
12:26uh Advanced societies because because
12:29you know we're very used to those needs
12:31being
12:32met but depending on where you live or
12:35depending on your socioeconomic status
12:38those things are either a struggle or
12:41they may be non-existent so you may um
12:45have your needs unmet but you know that
12:49can be affected by the place where you
12:53live the government where you live the
12:56rules or laws of where you live the
12:59climate uh the economic structure and so
13:03we look at needs in terms of how do we
13:07accommodate the needs of people with the
13:10built environment and if they have a
13:13diversity of needs we need to customize
13:16their shelter and built environment to
13:19those needs now there needs to be
13:22obviously an understanding of who's
13:25going to be utilizing buildings who's
13:27going to be utilizing the structure and
13:31who is going to be providing the shelter
13:33how it's built it needs to be built
13:35safely you know we have an expectation
13:37of safety as humans and so we need to
13:42look at all of these things when we are
13:45creating new structures or new additions
13:49to the overall built
13:55environment next we talk about human
13:58values
13:59now values are different from needs
14:02because now we're not really talking
14:05about basic human needs for
14:08survival so when we talk about values
14:11you could even say that these are human
14:14priorities meaning what is it that you
14:17find to be important what is it that you
14:21find to be important or hold as
14:23important as a
14:26society what do you think is important
14:28for you as an individual for your family
14:32for your entire
14:34culture so when we look at human
14:37values you know in this photo we see
14:40some women in traditional Greek dress
14:45and you know you could say that by
14:49dressing in a certain way and doing
14:52traditional dances that they are
14:56perpetuating their own values or the
14:58values of their culture or their society
15:03and not forgetting those or making sure
15:07that people are aware of those those
15:10things that they
15:11value now if they were wearing something
15:14different or not performing this dance
15:18would they still be surviving as humans
15:20yes so that's kind of how you can
15:22differentiate between a need and a value
15:25so the value is where you
15:29psychologically and behaviorally place
15:32importance and where you place your
15:35priorities but it it's beyond basic
15:39human needs and
15:41typically human needs need to be met
15:45kind of before you can move on to
15:49fulfilling values because if you don't
15:53have shelter you don't have food you
15:55don't have security then it's very hard
15:59to start thinking in a way that's like
16:02well what do I place as important you'd
16:05revert back to needs and you say well
16:07what's important is fulfilling my basic
16:09human needs for survival so this is
16:11moving Beyond Survival and looking at
16:15what we value both as individuals and as
16:19a
16:20society determining use may be
16:24for individual people or it may be more
16:27general or broad so as architectes we're
16:30always trying to look at you know what
16:32is the best possible use of the space
16:35what is the the best possible and most
16:39efficient
16:41and most valuable use for a space in
16:45terms of meeting people's needs meeting
16:47people's values and are those in
16:50conflict with each other are they going
16:53to be aided by each other can we you
16:56know create creative Solutions in order
16:59to fulfill their needs for certain uses
17:03but determining use is always a really
17:06um early task in organizing architecture
17:12and arranging space and
17:19form we deal a lot also in organizing
17:23uses so the use just has to do with
17:26functions either within or without a
17:29structure so it could be within if it's
17:31inside of a building could be outside of
17:33a building often times we look at
17:37organizing use um by the people who are
17:41going to use it but also how they're
17:45going to use it you know we all have
17:47basic human needs but fulfilling those
17:50needs may be uh met in various ways and
17:53that could vary depending on culture
17:57location Behavior real norms and so
18:00organizing use is really part of
18:04creating spaces that
18:06will be harmonious with the needs and
18:10desires of the people who occupy
18:13them now that doesn't mean that every
18:16time we're going to perform a different
18:18function within a building that we have
18:20to have a different space or a different
18:22room to be able to do that in fact often
18:27as the architect you're trying to
18:29arrange space where you can have
18:31multiple things going on in the same
18:34space or fulfill multiple uses in the
18:38same space and we often look at
18:42precedents in terms of organizing use
18:46which means you know are there
18:48historical examples of
18:51how cultures or people laid out spaces
18:55are those things that we want to
18:58perpetuate are are those good things are
19:00those things that are going to be
19:01beneficial to us or are they things that
19:04were just done before and perhaps
19:08they're not functioning the way that we
19:10live today or they're not uh the best
19:14possible use of resources or the best
19:17possible use in terms of the function of
19:19the space and
19:23the you know sustainability of those
19:26ideas and so these are all important
19:29issues in terms
19:31of meeting cultural needs meeting
19:34individual needs and also addressing
19:37cultural and individual values in
19:41architecture

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