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APPSC Group 2 2026 🔥 Ancient Indian History Classes: Vedic Period Top 40 MCQs in telugu — Transcript

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0:00Hello friends, welcome back to our
0:02channel, Mathstix by Bhagyalakshmi.
0:04Today, we are going to discuss the top
0:0640 MCQs on the Vedic Age in Ancient
0:09Indian History for the APPSC Group 2
0:11Prelims. All important concepts
0:14regarding the Early Vedic Period and
0:16the Later Vedic Period have been
0:18included in these top 40 MCQs.
0:21Questions on socio-economic conditions
0:23and the status of women have also been
0:26included. And in the previous class, we
0:28did a video with top 40 MCQs on the
0:30Transport System in India; if anyone
0:32hasn't watched it, please do. The PDF
0:34is provided in both Telugu and English
0:36languages; if you want the link, it is
0:39in the description below. You can join
0:41our channel membership and get access
0:43to the PDF. So, without delay, let's
0:46get into the topic. First question:
0:50Consider the following statements
0:52regarding the Rigvedic society. First,
0:56a patriarchal family system was in
0:58practice, and the 'Grihapati' acted as
1:00the head of the family. And second,
1:02women did not have the right to
1:04participate in political assemblies
1:06like 'Sabha' and 'Samiti'. And third,
1:09child marriage and Sati were widely
1:12practiced in the early Vedic period.
1:15Regarding these three statements, what
1:17is the correct answer? The correct
1:19answer is Option B; only the first
1:22statement is correct. And the second
1:24statement, as well as the third
1:26statement, are incorrect. Why? Because
1:29even though there was a patriarchal
1:31system in the early Vedic period, women
1:33held a high status. They participated
1:36in political assemblies like the Sabha
1:38and Samiti. Furthermore, evils like
1:40child marriage and Sati were not
1:42present during that period. So, both
1:45our third and second statements are
1:48wrong. Next question: Which of the
1:52following Vedic texts contains the
1:56famous Gayatri Mantra and to which
2:00deity is it dedicated? The correct
2:03answer is Option C, Rigveda. The god is
2:05Savitri. Our Gayatri Mantra, found in
2:08the third mandala of the Rigveda, is
2:10dedicated to the Goddess Savitri, a
2:12form of the Sun God. It was composed by
2:15Sage Vishwamitra. Next question: Match
2:17the following early Vedic terms with
2:19their correct meanings. You are asked
2:22to match the names of early Vedic
2:24officials with their duties. Important.
2:26First, we are given Vrajapati, Gramini,
2:29Senani, and Spasa. It is an important
2:32question, and you are asked to match
2:34them with their functions. Important
2:37question, the correct answer is Option
2:40A. If we go into the explanation here,
2:49how were the administrative officials
2:50in the early Vedic period? If we look
2:53at the first one, 'Vrajapati' was an
2:55officer with authority over grazing
2:57lands. And similarly, regarding '
2:59Gramini', he was the leader of the
3:01village and the village army. And third
3:04, 'Senani' meant those who led the army
3:06during the time of war were called
3:08Senani. And fourth, 'Spasa' means those
3:13who gathered information, i.e., spies.
3:16Consider the following statements
3:18regarding the Dasharajna War (Battle of
3:2010 Kings). Important question: Let's
3:22look at the statements regarding the
3:24Dasharajna War, the battle of 10 kings.
3:27First, this battle took place on the
3:29banks of the Parushni, which is the
3:31current Ravi River. And second, this
3:34was fought between Sudas, the king of
3:36the Bharata tribe, and a confederacy of
3:3810 kings. And third, Sage Vishwamitra
3:42was the priest for King Sudas, and Sage
3:44Vashistha was the priest for the
3:46confederacy of 10 kings. Important
3:48question. Which of these three
3:50statements is correct? The correct
3:52answer is Option C; only statements one
3:55and two are correct, while the third is
3:57incorrect. Let’s see why: in the
4:00Battle of the Ten Kings, Sage Vashistha
4:03was the priest for King Sudas, while
4:05Sage Vishwamitra, who was removed from
4:07his position by Sudas, led the
4:09coalition of ten kings. Therefore, the
4:13names of the priests were given in
4:15reverse in the third statement. Sudas
4:17achieved victory in this battle. Next
4:22question: Which Upanishad first
4:24mentions the four ashramas of human
4:26life—Brahmacharya, Grihastha,
4:29Vanaprastha, and Sanyasa? Important
4:32question, the correct answer is Option
4:35C, the Jabala Upanishad. The Jabala
4:38Upanishad contains the first clear
4:41mention of the four ashramas. While the
4:44Chandogya Upanishad only mentions the
4:47first three ashramas, all four are
4:50explained in the Jabala Upanishad. Next
4:54question: Consider the following
4:55statements regarding the Later Vedic
4:57period. Regarding the Later Vedic
5:00period, the first statement: Painted
5:02Grey Ware pottery are the primary
5:04archaeological evidences of this period
5:06. Important. And the second statement:
5:10The use of iron, or 'Shyama Ayas',
5:12increased extensively in agriculture
5:14and warfare. And the third: The
5:17influence and power of public
5:18assemblies like Sabha and Samiti
5:20increased greatly. Which of these three
5:23statements is correct? Important, the
5:26correct answer is Option A, only
5:28statements one and two are correct; the
5:30third statement is incorrect. Let's see
5:33why. In the Later Vedic period, as the
5:36king's power increased, the importance
5:38and strength of the Sabha and Samiti
5:40decreased. The assembly known as
5:43Vidatha completely disappeared, so the
5:45third statement is wrong. Agricultural
5:48production also increased during this
5:50period with the advent of iron. Next
5:53question: Which river was considered
5:56the most sacred during the Early Vedic
5:58period? Important question, if you know
6:01the answer, please comment in the
6:03comment section below. Next question:
6:06Match the following Vedic rivers with
6:09their modern names. You are asked to
6:11match the Vedic-era rivers below with
6:14their current or modern names.
6:16Important. So, these old names are also
6:19very important. So, looking at the
6:23first, we have Vitasta, second is
6:25Asikni, third is Vipas, and fourth is
6:28Shatudri. We are asked to match these
6:32with their current names. The correct
6:37answer is Option C. Looking at the
6:39modern names of the Vedic-era rivers,
6:42first, Vitasta is called Jhelum, Asikni
6:46is Chenab, Vipas is Beas, and Shatudri
6:49is called Sutlej. Next question: In
6:53which Upanishad is the famous dialogue
6:55between Nachiketa and Yama regarding
6:58self-knowledge and immortality found?
7:02Correct answer is Option D.
7:03Kathopanishad. In the Kathopanishad,
7:07there is a conversation between Lord
7:10Yama and the young boy Nachiketa
7:12regarding the soul, death, and
7:15salvation. Next question: Consider the
7:19following statements regarding the
7:21Vedangas. Let's look at the statements
7:26regarding the Vedangas: First, it is
7:28stated that there are six Vedangas that
7:31help in understanding and pronouncing
7:34the Vedas correctly, and second, Kalpa
7:37explains sacrifices and rituals, while
7:40Nirukta explains the etymology of words
7:42. Which of these two statements is
7:46correct? The correct answer is Option C
7:49, both one and two. Both given
7:51statements are correct regarding the
7:53Vedangas. We have a total of six
7:56Vedangas: first is Shiksha, second is
7:58Kalpa, next are Vyakarana, Nirukta,
8:00Chhandas, and Jyotishya. So, these are
8:04both correct statements. Next question:
8:06Which sacrifice was performed by a king
8:08in the Later Vedic period to prove his
8:11supremacy and for the expansion of his
8:13empire by releasing a horse? Important
8:15question, correct answer is Option C.
8:19Ashwamedha Yaga. During the Later Vedic
8:23period, kings mainly performed three
8:25sacrifices to assert their authority.
8:28Among them, the Ashvamedha Yagna was
8:30performed by releasing a horse to
8:32demonstrate the empire's expansion and
8:34dominance. Similarly, if we look
8:37further, the Rajasuya Yagna was
8:39performed during the coronation, and
8:41the Vajapeya Yagna was performed to
8:43demonstrate the king's power through
8:45chariot races. Next question: Consider
8:48the following statements regarding
8:50Vedic literature. Three statements are
8:53given regarding Vedic texts. First, the
8:56Brahmanas explain the Vedic hymns and
8:58the procedures for the sacrifices
9:01related to them. And second, the
9:04Aranyakas are known as forest texts.
9:07These explain the philosophy and hidden
9:10meanings for sages. And third, the
9:13Upanishads represent the concluding
9:16part of the Vedas, so they are also
9:18called Vedantas. Which of these three
9:21statements is correct? This is an
9:23important question. The correct answer
9:26is option D; all three statements given
9:29are correct. Next question: What was
9:32the main basis of wealth in the Early
9:34Vedic period and the main cause for
9:36conflicts between tribes known as
9:38Gavisti? Important question: The main
9:41cause for conflicts, the correct answer
9:44is option C, cows. In the Early Vedic
9:48period, animal husbandry was the
9:51primary livelihood, and the cow was
9:53considered the most valuable asset.
9:57Wars were called Gavisti; note this as
9:59it is important. It means searching for
10:03or fighting for cows. Next question:
10:06Consider the following statements
10:08regarding Vedic assemblies. Let us
10:10examine the following statements
10:11regarding the political institutions of
10:14the Vedic period. First, the Sabha was
10:16a small representative assembly
10:18consisting of elders and prominent
10:20people. And second, the Samiti was a
10:22general assembly where the entire group
10:24of people participated. Third, in the
10:27Later Vedic period, women were allowed
10:30to participate in both the Sabha and
10:32the Samiti. This entire part relates to
10:35the political institutions of the Vedic
10:38period. So, which of these three
10:41statements is correct? The correct
10:43answer is option A; only statements one
10:45and two are correct. This third
10:47statement is incorrect. This is because
10:49it addresses the status of women in the
10:52Later Vedic period. If we look here,
10:54women participated in assemblies during
10:56the Early Vedic period. While women
10:58participated in assemblies during the
11:01Early Vedic period, in the Later Vedic
11:03period, the social status of women
11:05declined, and their entry into the
11:07Sabha and Samitis was prohibited. So,
11:10the third statement is incorrect. Next
11:13question: From which Upanishad is
11:15India's official national motto "
11:17Satyameva Jayate" taken? "Satyameva
11:21Jayate" is important. The correct
11:24answer is option B; our motto "
11:26Satyameva Jayate"(Truth alone triumphs)
11:29is taken from the Mundaka Upanishad.
11:32Next question: Match the following
11:35priests with their associated Vedas.
11:38You are asked to match the following
11:40priests with their respective Vedas.
11:44This is important and has been asked
11:45many times, both as individual points
11:47and in matching formats. This is an
11:51important concept. We are given Hotri,
11:56Udgatri, Adhvaryu, and Brahma. So,
12:00regarding their matching, the correct
12:04answer is option A. If we look here,
12:09Hotri is one who recites Rigveda hymns,
12:12Udgatri is one who chants the Samaveda,
12:15and Adhvaryu is one who directly
12:17conducts the rituals according to the
12:20Yajurveda. And lastly, Brahma belongs
12:24to the Atharvaveda and oversees the
12:27entire sacrifice. Next question:
12:29Consider the following statements
12:31regarding the taxation system in the
12:33Vedic period. Let us examine the
12:35following statements regarding the
12:36taxation system of the Vedic period.
12:39First, in the Early Vedic period, 'Bali
12:41' was a voluntary gift or tax given by
12:44the people to the king. And second, in
12:47the Later Vedic period, 'Bali' became a
12:50compulsory tax. An officer called '
12:53Bhagaduga' used to collect this.
12:55Bhagaduga. So, which of these two
12:58statements is correct? An important
13:00question. The correct answer is option
13:03C; both one and two are correct. In the
13:05Early Vedic period, there was no system
13:07of permanent taxes for the king. The '
13:10Bali' given by the people was a
13:11voluntary gift. Bali was a voluntary
13:14gift. But in the Later Vedic period, as
13:18the kingdom strengthened, 'Bali' became
13:20a compulsory tax. To collect this, an
13:24officer named 'Bhagaduga' was appointed
13:26, and officers called 'Sangrihita' were
13:28appointed to protect the treasury. Next
13:32question: Which of the following
13:34Upavedas is correctly matched with its
13:37main Veda? Correctly matched with its
13:40main Veda. Important. The correct
13:42answer is option C. Let us look at the
13:46Rigveda and its main Upavedas. As for
13:49the Rigveda, it has Ayurveda, which
13:51mainly tells us about medical science.
13:54And next, the Samaveda belongs to the
13:56Gandharva Veda. This informs us about
13:58music and dance. Next, the Yajurveda is
14:01the Dhanurveda. So, what this means is
14:05that this Dhanurveda explains the arts
14:08of war, and the Atharvaveda is the
14:11Shilpaveda or Sthapatyaveda; this is
14:14mainly about Vastu, construction, and
14:17architecture, which is what is called
14:20Shilpaveda or Sthapatyaveda. Next
14:24question: What is the correctly
14:26arranged sequence of the administrative
14:28units of the Early Vedic period in
14:29ascending order from the smallest to
14:31the largest unit? What was the
14:34administrative hierarchy of the Early
14:36Vedic society arranged in ascending
14:38order, smallest to largest unit? An
14:41important question, the correct answer
14:44is option A: first Kula, Grama, Vis,
14:47Jana, and Rashtra. Let us look at how
14:51the social or administrative
14:52classification was in the Early Vedic
14:54period. Kula or Griha refers to the
14:58family, which had a head called Kulapa
15:01or Grihapati. And next, if we look at
15:04Grama, a group of villages is a Grama.
15:07What this means is that its head is the
15:09Gramani. So, who was the head of these
15:12villages? Gramani. And next, if we look
15:15at Vis, this is a large area. So, its
15:18head is the Visapati, and fourth is the
15:21Jana (tribe or people), whose head was
15:23the Rajan or Gopa. Next, we see Rashtra
15:27, which is the country or kingdom. Next
15:30question: Consider the following
15:33statements regarding the Indian
15:36philosophical systems, the Shad
15:39Darshanas. First, Sage Kapila proposed
15:42the Sankhya Darshana, Sage Gautama
15:45proposed the Nyaya Darshana, and Sage
15:48Kanada developed the Vaisheshika
15:50Darshana. So, which of these three
15:53statements is correct? An important
15:56question. The correct answer is option
15:58D; all three are correct. If we look at
16:01the explanation, there are six orthodox
16:03schools of philosophy, which are called
16:05Shad Darshanas. So, let us see who
16:08their founders are. First, for Sankhya,
16:10it is Kapila; for Yoga, it is Patanjali
16:13; third, for Nyaya, it is Gautama; and
16:15for Vaisheshika, it is Kanada. And next
16:18, for Purva Mimamsa, it is Jaimini, and
16:21for Uttara Mimamsa, it is Badarayana.
16:23So, these are very important. Make a
16:25note of them. Next question. Which of
16:29the following sacrifices was
16:33specifically performed during the
16:38coronation ceremony of a Vedic king to
16:43confer supreme sovereignty upon him?
16:49The correct answer is Option A, the
16:51Rajasuya sacrifice was performed. The
16:54Rajasuya sacrifice was performed only
16:56during the king's coronation; it is
16:59known as the Rajasuya sacrifice. It was
17:02believed that through this, the king
17:04would gain divine powers and attain
17:07absolute authority over the kingdom.
17:10The Vajapeya sacrifice is a
17:11recreational ritual that included
17:13chariot racing. Similarly, looking next
17:16, the Ashvamedha sacrifice was
17:18performed for territorial expansion.
17:21Next question: Who was the chief
17:23officer responsible for collecting
17:24taxes and royal dues from the people in
17:26the Later Vedic period? Chief Officer.
17:30Important question, the correct answer
17:33is Option C. In the Later Vedic
17:35administrative system, the one who
17:37collected taxes and shares of crop
17:40produce was called 'Bhagaduga'. Next,
17:43the 'Sangrihtr' was the treasury
17:45officer who kept the collected funds
17:48safe, known as the Treasurer today.
17:50Next, we have the 'Akshavapa'. This was
17:53the term used for the supervisor of
17:55gambling games, called the Akshavapa.
17:58Next, 'Suta'. Suta refers to the king's
18:01charioteer and a court bard. Next
18:04question: Which Vedic text describes in
18:06detail the symptoms of various diseases
18:09, herbal medicine, and magical arts (
18:11black magic spells)? The correct answer
18:15is Option D, the Atharva Veda explains
18:17this. The Atharva Veda contains the
18:20roots of ancient Indian medical systems
18:23, herbal medicine, methods for curing
18:26diseases, as well as mantras and
18:28tantras related to warding off evil
18:30spirits. The term 'Brihi' mentioned in
18:35the later Vedic literature refers to
18:40which of the following agricultural
18:44crops? The correct answer is Option C,
18:47rice. Next question: Which Indian
18:51philosophy seeks truth based on logical
18:54thinking and reasoning through sources
18:57of knowledge like perception and
18:59inference? Important question, the
19:03correct answer is Option A, the Nyaya
19:06school. The Nyaya philosophy proposed
19:10by Sage Gautama is based on logic and
19:12epistemology. It explains how crucial
19:15sources of knowledge like perception (
19:17pratyaksha), inference (anumana),
19:18comparison (upamana), and testimony (
19:20shabda) are for acquiring knowledge.
19:22Nyaya school, Nyaya philosophy. Next
19:25question: What was the Vedic period
19:27marriage method called where a daughter
19:30was given in marriage to the priest who
19:32performed the sacrificial ritual? The
19:35correct answer is Option B, Daiva
19:37Vivaha. So, according to the scriptures
19:40, there are a total of eight types of
19:42marriages in the Vedic period.
19:45Questions have been asked about this
19:46many times. First, looking at Daiva
19:48Vivaha, it is giving a daughter to the
19:50priest who performed the sacrifice.
19:53Next, Brahma Vivaha, this is a
19:55righteous marriage based on the groom's
19:57character. Next, Arsha Vivaha, this is
20:00a marriage performed after taking a
20:01pair of cows or bulls from the groom.
20:04Next, Gandharva Vivaha, which means a
20:06love marriage. Next question: In which
20:10Upanishad does 'Tat Tvam Asi'(Thou Art
20:13That), one of the most important
20:16mahavakyas in Advaita Vedanta, appear?
20:20The correct answer is Option B, the
20:23Chandogya Upanishad. In its sixth
20:27chapter, Uddalaka Aruni teaches his son
20:30Shvetaketu that the Atman and Brahman
20:33are one, instructing him with the
20:36mahavakya 'Tat Tvam Asi'. Next question
20:40: Who was the famous Vedic female
20:42scholar who challenged the great sage
20:45Yajnavalkya and held a philosophical
20:47debate in the court of Janaka, the King
20:50of Videha? Important, the correct
20:53answer is Option C. So, in this context
20:56, Gargi Vachaknavi proved her Vedic
20:58knowledge in the Brihadaranyaka
21:00Upanishad by asking Yajnavalkya complex
21:03questions about the origins of creation
21:05during the Brahma Sabha organized by
21:07King Janaka. Lopamudra and Apala Ghosha
21:11were sages of the Early Vedic period.
21:14Please note this as well. Next question
21:16. The Vedanga intended for calculating
21:19favorable times for performing Vedic
21:21sacrifices and the positions of planets
21:24is important. The correct answer is
21:27Option D, Jyotishya. So, Jyotishya
21:31tells us about the science of astronomy
21:33and the calculation of auspicious times
21:35for performing Yajnas. According to the
21:39given options, Jyotishya is about
21:42astronomy and the calculation of Yajna
21:45timings; Shiksha is about the tone of
21:47mantra chanting and phonetics; Chhandas
21:51is about Vedic poetic structure; and
21:53Kalpa is about rituals and social laws.
21:57Next question: In the Vedic period,
22:00what was the tax-free land given as a
22:02gift to priests or Brahmins who
22:04performed Yajnas called? The correct
22:08answer is Option B, Brahmadeya. Next
22:11question: In which Upanishad is the
22:14famous Vedic prayer "Asatoma Sadgamaya,
22:17Tamasoma Jyotirgamaya" incorporated?
22:21Regarding "Asatoma Sadgamaya, Tamasoma
22:24Jyotirgamaya," the correct answer is
22:26Option A, Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. It
22:30contains the famous mantra in the first
22:32chapter and third Brahmana: "Asatoma
22:35Sadgamaya, Tamasoma Jyotirgamaya,
22:37Mrityorma Amritamgamaya." This is the
22:41most ancient and largest of all the
22:43Upanishads. Next question: In the
22:47monarchical system of the Later Vedic
22:49period, what was the official who acted
22:52as a messenger or informant called? The
22:56correct answer is Option B, Palagala.
23:00According to this, one of the 12 Ratnis
23:03of the Later Vedic period was the
23:05Palagala, who served as the king's
23:08messenger or envoy, and the Akshavapa
23:10was the partner who played dice with
23:13the king or an entertainment officer.
23:17Looking at the next one, Suta was the
23:19charioteer and a storyteller who sang
23:21praises of the king. Next, Kshatri was
23:24the gatekeeper or guardian of the inner
23:27chambers. Next question: What was the
23:30term used to denote silver coins or
23:32metal currency that came into use
23:34during the Later Vedic period? The
23:36correct answer is Option D: Shatamana.
23:40In the Later Vedic period, alongside
23:42the barter system, metal units with
23:44fixed weights emerged. Shatamana was
23:48primarily a silver coin, Nishka was
23:50gold coins or treasure, and Krishnala
23:53was a small metal unit used to measure
23:55weight. Next question: Which Indian
23:59philosophy supports the validity of
24:01Vedic sacrifices and the theory of
24:04Karma with the highest priority? The
24:07correct answer is Option C: Purva
24:10Mimamsa. Sage Jaimini proposed this
24:15Purva Mimamsa. Next question: According
24:18to the Varna system in the Later Vedic
24:20period, what is the formal initiation
24:22ritual performed for a boy to begin
24:24Vedic studies? The correct answer is
24:27Option B: Upanayana. Next question: In
24:31Vedic society, which person was the
24:35term 'Kulapa' used to refer to? For
24:38Kulapa, the correct answer is Option C:
24:41Head of the individual family unit. So,
24:44the smallest unit in the social
24:45structure of the Vedic period was the
24:48Kula or Griha. We called the father or
24:50elder who was the leader of this family
24:53Kulapa or Grihapati. Similarly, the
24:56village head was called Gramini, and
24:58the official in charge of grazing lands
25:00was called Vrajapati. Next question:
25:03Which Brahmana text, belonging to the
25:05Shukla Yajurveda, describes in detail
25:07the agricultural methods and plowing
25:09rituals of the Vedic period? The
25:12correct answer is Option C. Shatapatha
25:15Brahmana. Next question. Among the five
25:19Yajnas that a householder must perform
25:21daily, which of the following refers to
25:24offering oblations to the ancestors?
25:27The correct answer is Option B, Pitru
25:29Yajna. The five great sacrifices that a
25:33householder must perform are: Brahma
25:35Yajna, Pitru Yajna, Deva Yajna, Bhuta
25:38Yajna, and Manushya Yajna. So, this is
25:41about serving guests to honor them.
25:44Bhuta Yajna means feeding animals and
25:46birds. Deva Yajna is about satisfying
25:49the deities through fire rituals. Next.
25:51Pitru Yajna is about offering oblations
25:54or performing rituals for the ancestors
25:57. Brahma Yajna is about the study of
25:59Vedas or repaying the debt to the sages
26:02. Next question: The ancient text
26:04authored by sage Vyasa, known for the
26:07science of etymology of words and as a
26:10Vedic glossary—the correct answer is
26:12option B, Nirukta. Next question: What
26:16were the special artisans called who
26:19held a high status in society for
26:21making chariots for wars and rituals
26:23during the Later Vedic period? The
26:27correct answer is option B, Rathakara.
26:29Even though the caste system became
26:32rigid during the Later Vedic period,
26:34the Rathakara class, who made chariots,
26:37held special respect. They had the
26:39right to undergo Upanayana and were
26:41also eligible to participate in the
26:43Rajasuya Yajna. Next, Takshana refers
26:46to a carpenter, similarly, Karmara
26:48refers to a blacksmith or metalworker,
26:50and Kulala refers to a potter. So, if
26:53you liked the video, please like, share
26:54, and comment on which concept you want
26:56the next video to be about in the
26:57comment section. Thanks for watching.

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