Applied vs Basic - Deductive vs Inductive . شرح مفاهيم مناهج البحث العلمي. التطبيقية والاساسية — Transcript

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1. 0:00Welcome your honors to a new episode.
2. 0:03We will complete concepts of developing scientific research
3. 0:10And maybe we will slightly discuss the business field
4. 0:13In fact, this episode is not only about business but it is slightly general
5. 0:19It tackles the difference between the two major forms of scientific research
6. 0:24As it is displayed in front of us
7. 0:26These are two major kinds or production of scientific research
8. 0:31One is called applied and the other one basic
9. 0:34These two definitions are slightly general, they can be found in many books
10. 0:38One of these books is written by Uma Sekaran
11. 0:42with its different editions the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, the seventh, and the eighth in the printing presses.
12. 0:50And the books by Donald Cooper as well as the one by Sandras
13. 0:53Approximately the same definitions agreed on
14. 0:58We have basic research that generates a body of knowledge
15. 1:04by trying to comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved
16. 1:10Applied research solves a current problem faced by the manager in the work setting, demanding a timely solution.
17. 1:20So let us think about the main difference and how can we understand the basic as well as the applied research
18. 1:27In fact, we want to link that with the last episodes, It is very important to watch the previous episodes
19. 1:32that tackled the definition of scientific research and how I can start working on scientific research
20. 1:38And we agreed in the last episode if you watch them in order
21. 1:42we discussed the nine elements models that help us formulate and write scientific research problems
22. 1:49So let’s understand the difference between basic and applied
23. 1:52in the light of the episode that discusses the nine elements
24. 1:55And in the light of the definitions that tackled the building blocks of scientific research
25. 2:01We agreed that we have a difference between data, information, and knowledge
26. 2:06So here we have the knowledge, and let’s consider the systematic approach that says
27. 2:12in processing output, input processing output
28. 2:17Does the word "generates" denote input or output?? Generates output that is here knowledge
29. 2:26What was the order of knowledge when we were talking about the hierarchy of data?
30. 2:31Processing leads to information, the information processed leads to knowledge
31. 2:37the knowledge processed leads to wisdom
32. 2:40Therefore, knowledge became the output of information
33. 2:47That is why he says here by trying to comprehend. The term comprehends is very important here
34. 2:53So let’s discuss it. When we were talking previously on scientific research, we said that there are analyses and synthesizing.
35. 3:01To which one comprehends is close, is it to analyses or synthesizing?
36. 3:06Comprehend synthesizing means integrating things
37. 3:12How certain problems, it is not always a problem it could be an opportunity
38. 3:20Is it an opportunity or a problem? Neither one, we are working on a focused introduction problem definition
39. 3:27So how many elements constitute the problem?
40. 3:31We have agreed that we should define the problem with nine elements for us to determine the setting
41. 3:36This means that here we have more than nine elements, multiple nine elements
42. 3:41Our scientific research problem has one focused anatomy that is
43. 3:47in the case of business, the nine elements we discussed in the last episode
44. 3:52That occurs in organizations, we agreed also that the definition of organization is the entity or legal form
45. 3:59but does he here mean organization or setting? No, he means multiple settings
46. 4:05Let’s compare the two definitions
47. 4:07Applied research solves a current, by the current, he means a specific, specific problem
48. 4:17How many nine elements exist in the problem? one nine elements
49. 4:20A problem includes nine elements, buy these nine elements
50. 4:25are focused on this case that is faced by your honors, the manager, or the researcher in the work setting
51. 4:32This work setting you can understand it as a specific nine elements
52. 4:36As if you are in the applied research talking about demanding a timely solution, it does not mean now but within a specific time
53. 4:45The definition I am discussing you will find it in many books written like that
54. 4:49You will find a timely solution current problem not meaning at this particular moment; however, he means a specific timing
55. 4:56So we have timing, and we had a specific organization, a specific product, specific management, specific customer
56. 5:03and specific beneficiary as well as a context covering the external and internal environment
57. 5:09If I worked only on one a specific work setting from the nine elements
58. 5:15as if you are examining only one patient or a case
59. 5:20I do not want to say a case study because we will discuss it later
60. 5:25So the one working on the nine elements, in here, is working on applied research
61. 5:32If you are working on applied research and specific problem then you are taking specific data
62. 5:38If he is collecting the data as input then what is the output? The output is information
63. 5:46If working on applied research it is suitable to have a very focused research problem and specific nine elements
64. 5:54and these nine elements should have input, of raw data and of raw material than doing processing
65. 6:02then the result applied research which is information
66. 6:06Then we do we use basic research?
67. 6:09As if it is still on order
68. 6:11When we have information from the first applied research and the second research applied and from the third, fourth, and fifth by trying to comprehend
69. 6:19At this point, the role of basic research starts
70. 6:21Collects the scientific information that resulted from the applied research
71. 6:26by trying to comprehend means by trying to synthesizing, placing them together
72. 6:32Then what is its output?
73. 6:34generates a body of knowledge
74. 6:36It solves problems and integrates them to more than one organization or more than nine elements
75. 6:47And here we have a detailed difference
76. 6:49Let’s consider another idea rather than that of basic research and applied research as a product
77. 6:55Let’s move a little bit forward
78. 6:59We have a slide that discuss two major kinds of the production of basic and applied research
79. 7:08It is a method or more than that a product of scientific research
80. 7:15But is there methods?
81. 7:16Yes, there are. These slides will be available for your honors with different forms, be it through the website, YouTube channel, social media
82. 7:38To be able to follow this explanation with the same content we are discussing
83. 7:44We will move to two ways of doing scientific research
84. 7:50Each one of them has a specific name. And I will mention the closest Arabic translation
85. 7:58of these two terms applied and basic research or the methods of producing the two
86. 8:05Let’s start with the applied and basic research
87. 8:09I am moving forward
88. 8:11The first two chapters of the majority of the books often discuss basic and applied research
89. 8:23this slide discuss
90. 8:26Deductive and inductive
91. 8:28Deductive reasoning application of a general theory to a specific case, I will postpone slightly the hypothesis testing
92. 8:35Inductive reasoning a process where we observe specific phenomena and on this basis arrive at general conclusions
93. 8:42I will postpone also counting white swans
94. 8:46Both inductive and deductive processes are often used in research
95. 8:50The first question we should ask here, what is reasoning?
96. 8:55Reasoning means approach or method
97. 9:01We have of course a difference between the terms method, approach, methodology, logic as well as a process
98. 9:08And we agreed that we will differentiate between them gradually when we will tackle the scientific research in detail
99. 9:14How many approaches we have here? Deductive and inductive
100. 9:20And the definition says both inductive and deductive processes meaning two methods, logic or approach;
101. 9:28in Arabic, we can call it causality which means the method that gathers the causes or how scientific research is produced
102. 9:41So we have two methods
103. 9:43My question to your honors, which one of these two methods produces the basic and which one produces the applied?
104. 10:02We have two methods deductive and inductive and before we had basic and applied research this is a product
105. 10:13And now we have two products that are produced in two ways
106. 10:20think carefully and take your time and reread the definition we discussed before
107. 10:28Let’s say we are talking about the deductive application of a general theory to a specific case
108. 10:39The specific case here remembers me that I have something called the nine elements
109. 10:46And the beginning of the definition application means that I will bring science and apply it to a case
110. 10:54Pay attention here it does not generate a general body of knowledge or general theory;
111. 10:58it rather applies a general theory
112. 11:01Here a process, inductive, where we observe specific phenomena
113. 11:07means repeated specific cases, for instance, productivity. Where?
114. 11:17We will discuss it in repeated applied research
115. 11:20And on this basis arrive, meaning comprehend, where did we study it? In the definition of the basic
116. 11:28At the general conclusion that can be generalized on problems
117. 11:35and multiple nine elements, organizations, industries
118. 11:42Therefore, deductive reasoning became the method, the methodology
119. 11:47and the style that produces applied research, why?
120. 11:51Because it applies general science on a case that is very specified
121. 11:57However, the basic produced through the method of the inductive, what is the role of the inductive?
122. 12:04By trying to comprehend, I am trying to remind you of the definition of the basic
123. 12:11Comprehend, what?
124. 12:13The product called apply which was made by the deductive
125. 12:16And let me show you here a slightly animated drawing which will help us to see that
126. 12:21If you remember the six steps of scientific research, what are they?
127. 12:27Let’s recall them together
128. 12:30Problem definition then
129. 12:35Sorry, I will just display a slide that shows the difference between applied and the basic
130. 12:55This is a slide that we have already seen
131. 13:00I will just narrow it down a little bit. Then make it animated to see the content in order
132. 13:17The first step of the six steps is problem definition means a very specific case and nine elements
133. 13:24Then we review the literature
134. 13:28We integrate the review of literature and problem definition to have a research design
135. 13:33Then data analysis and finally the conclusion
136. 13:38So integrating literature with the problem gave me as a result research design
137. 13:43And on its basis, I collected data, analysis, and conclusion then through this I extracted information
138. 13:46Then I have applied research
139. 13:49The six steps we discussed are practical steps to produce applied
140. 13:57This is the first researcher, now we have the second researcher
141. 14:00The second research is working in a normal way; we will have the same problem
142. 14:05If it is the same problem why the researcher is working on it?
143. 14:07Because we have a different setting
144. 14:11Sometime people might say that I have not introduced something new in scientific research
145. 14:16I will introduce something new but I will apply this theory to a new case, and what is this new case?
146. 14:21Different nine elements. Problem definition, literature review, research design, data, analysis, conclusion then we have information as a result
147. 14:32And here comes the role of trying to comprehend
148. 14:35It produces scientific basic research using the inductive then takes these two pieces of information that resulted from scientific research
149. 14:43Integrates them through a method called inductive, then what are we going to have? Basic research.
150. 14:49The method is called inductive
151. 14:51What is the researcher going to extract from basic research?
152. 14:53The names that we have seen at the high level in the knowledge, wisdom, we will have theory, concept, or a model
153. 15:01The third researcher in yellow, who can tell me when the research write a specific problem
154. 15:07and here we will suppose that we are comparing apple to apple, still working on productivity but in different circumstances.
155. 15:13When does the researcher start reading the literature, what literature the researcher will have?
156. 15:16The researcher will have the literature of the first and the second research
157. 15:22The third in yellow
158. 15:27The researcher has the first one related to the applied research
159. 15:31and the second one is also applied research then the third one the theoretical
160. 15:36or the theory, model, or the concept that is in here from the basic research
161. 15:41If he found that the first research is suitable he can use it
162. 15:45or the second one he can use it and if he found the theory is suitable he can use it
163. 15:50And if it is not suitable the researcher should continue
164. 15:54Is it possible at the beginning of the scientific research that I can stop even if I have done the steps of the problem definition and review of literature?
165. 16:00Yes, you can, one of our concerns and goals is that you review science correctly and strongly then use it to solve your problems
166. 16:08When we should take the next step?
167. 16:10If we find that these 3 are close but not exact to use them in your research
168. 16:15In this case, we will move to the next step research design, data, analysis, and conclusion
169. 16:19Then we will have the information
170. 16:21The one of basic research should review that and he can adjust
171. 16:26the theory and his concept then produce something new
172. 16:29Let’s suppose that he produced a new theory T1-
173. 16:33So let’s move to the researcher number 4.
174. 16:36Problem definition, nine elements he will write a specific problem then he reviews the literature
175. 16:42What literature is available for him?
176. 16:44He has research numbers 1, 2, and 3 and he has a theory to use it
177. 16:53But if he did not anything of these, is it conditional that he should review that?
178. 16:57Yes, this is the prevailing literature and it is a must
179. 17:00You have to review 1, 2, 3, and 4
180. 17:02And all the previous literature prevailing and relevantly
181. 17:05What does prevailing and relevantly mean in detail?
182. 17:08Is he did not find this suitable he has theory 1, theory 1 dash or two
183. 17:12if they are not suitable he can gather them.
184. 17:16At this level, it becomes a necessity to make a research design
185. 17:20If we are not going to use 1, 2, or 3 neither the theory number 1 or 1 dash
186. 17:27Then we should do a design that can guide us
187. 17:30on how we are going to integrate them to solve the problem
188. 17:32That concerns the problem definition of the fourth research
189. 17:35Data, analysis, conclusion
190. 17:37The research of the basic research in the inductive method
191. 17:42should follow the updates and so on
192. 17:44And in this way, we have the iterative cycle of the inductive, deductive
193. 17:49And we conclude with a statement states that I am always
194. 17:52in need of the deductive method which results from the applied
195. 17:56and the inductive method which results from the basic
196. 17:59For what?
197. 17:59For having the iterative process of scientific research
198. 18:03If you want to slow down the process of scientific research
199. 18:05in any place or country, cut the barrier between the two
200. 18:09Then there is a burden on the one who produces, using the inductive method, the basic research
201. 18:14He needs to conduct his applied research which will take a longer time
202. 18:19Imagine your honors that one research between these takes six months, one year or two
203. 18:24We are talking about the applied
204. 18:25And I prefer it more in the case of master
205. 18:29and I prefer more the basic using the inductive method
206. 18:33in the case of the Ph.D. or doctoral DBA
207. 18:35Then it becomes a burden for the researcher too conduct all these alone
208. 18:40And it is difficult for someone who is conducting scientific research for the first time
209. 18:43to integrate science and he does not know how it is produced or he did not participate in producing it
210. 18:46Or have not tried to apply it before
211. 18:48Whenever the scientific research in its first steps to the master's degree we will prefer using deductive applied
212. 18:56And whenever the researcher finished and tried that in the master
213. 19:01we will prefer that he use that the basic at the level of inductive basic in the doctoral
214. 19:07And between them, there are levels or opportunities
215. 19:10that I will do something between the two with more profoundness
216. 19:13Or more comprehensible applied or produce simple basic using the inductive method balanced
217. 19:22By this and in this episode we differentiated between applied produced by the deductive method
218. 19:28and basic research produced by the inductive method
219. 19:32We can prefer more deductive or to the inductive
220. 19:40And this is also a summary and a brief about the difference
221. 19:44between the applied, basic, inductive, and the deductive
222. 19:46Thank you, your honors and we shall meet in the upcoming episode