Anterior & Posterior Tibial Arteries Scheme (Course, Branches) | Anatomy — Transcript

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1. 0:00In this video we’re gonna be looking at the  Anterior and the posterior tibial arteries,
2. 0:05as well as the arterial blood  supply of the foot and ancle.
3. 0:08And to do that, we first need to look at the  posterior aspect of the knee. As the femoral
4. 0:14Artery comes down, it becomes the Popliteal artery in the popliteal fossa, where it
5. 0:19Branches out supplying the knee with blood.  Then in from of the popliteus muscle,
6. 0:25it’ll end up by dividing into Its two terminal branches;
7. 0:28these are the anterior and the posterior tibial  arteries and those are the arteries we’re gonna
8. 0:34be focusing on here in this video; so let’s Look at this scheme a little. Some bone anatomy
9. 0:38first, here you see The Tibia and the
10. 0:42Fibula The medial and lateral malleolus, then the
11. 0:46Talus and the Calcaneus. And between
12. 0:49the Tibia and Fibula, there’s the Interosseus membrane. So now
13. 0:54we got the popliteal artery Coming down, and giving off the
14. 0:58Anterior tibial artery, while continuing  as the Posterior tibial artery so both
15. 1:04the anterior and the posterior tibial arteries  are terminal branches of the popliteal artery.
16. 1:10The posterior tibial artery descends  between deep flexors and the soleus muscle,
17. 1:16then curves posteriorly to the medial malleolus, Where it now goes to the plantar surface of the
18. 1:22foot, and dividing into two terminal branches, The medial plantar artery and the lateral plantar
19. 1:28artery. Now the tibialis posterior supplies  muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
20. 1:37And it does that by giving off  some branches, and the first one is
21. 1:40The circumflex fibular artery, you’re  probably already familiar with this one
22. 1:45if you know the patellar network, cuz this one  will wind around the fibular head as you see,
23. 1:52go anteriorly and supply the knee with blood. Then there’s the Fibular artery, or sometimes
24. 1:58referred to as the peroneal artery. It starts  from the upper third part of the posterior tibial
25. 2:04and descends along the posterior/medial  aspect of the fibula and end up at the
26. 2:09calcaneus as a terminal branch, called the  calcaneal artery. Another side branch is the
27. 2:15Medial malleolar artery for the medial  malleolar network on the ancle. And the
28. 2:20Lateral malleolar artery from the tibial  artery for the Lateral malleolar network.
29. 2:27Then there’s the calcaneal branch to form the  arterial network over the calcaneus. So the
30. 2:33posterior tibial artery give off the calcaneal  branch, and the tibial artery terminates as the
31. 2:39calcaneal artery. Then the last branches are Nutrient branches for the bone marrow.
32. 2:45Both the fibular artery and the  posterior tibial have these branches.
33. 2:50So that was all for the posterior tibial  artery. Let’s do the anterior tibial. Again
34. 2:56The popliteal artery comes down, and Divides. The anterior tibial artery will squeeze
35. 3:02out between the tibia and fibula, and wind anteriorly where it ends at the 1st
36. 3:08intermetatarsal space as you see here; where it Now becomes the Dorsal pedis artery. Now let’s
37. 3:13do the side branches; and just remember just  like the posterior tibial artery mainly supply
38. 3:14the posterior muscles of the leg, the anterior  tibial will supply mainly the anterior muscles
39. 3:18of the leg. Now the first side branch Is the posterior tibial recurrent,
40. 3:23which branches out before it reaches the anterior surface, and the
41. 3:31Anterior tibial recurrent  artery which branches out
42. 3:35from the anterior surface. These two  go up and supply the knee with blood.
43. 3:43Then we have the Anterior  Lateral Malleolar and the
44. 3:46Anterior Medial malleolar artery for the blood  supply around the ancle. And that was mainly all
45. 3:53the side branches of the anterior tibial artery.  Now let’s do the Dorsal pedis artery. And to do
46. 4:00that, I think it’s better if we change up the Scheme a little bit. Now
47. 4:04The dorsal pedis artery as you know is the  terminal branch of anterior tibial artery.
48. 4:10There are only three side branches of the dorsal  pedis artery. The first side branch is the
49. 4:16Lateral tarsal artery, which starts  at the level of caput tali, and goes
50. 4:21laterally to supply structures there. Then since  we have a lateral tarsal artery, we also have a
51. 4:27Medial tarsal artery, which supply structures on  the medial side of the foot and muscles of the 1st
52. 4:34toe on the plantar surface. So it winds around  going to the plantar surface. Then there’s the
53. 4:41Arcuate artery, which passes laterally  as you see here, and anastomose with the
54. 4:46Lateral tarsal artery. So those three are  the side branches of the dorsal pedis artery.
55. 4:53Now as the dorsal artery continues, it ends  up splitting into two terminal branches,
56. 5:00one is called the 1st dorsal metatarsal artery,
57. 5:03and the other one is called the deep plantar  artery, which pierces the muscles of the 1st
58. 5:08toe and ends up in the plantar surface. Now  for the arterial supply of the toes; The
59. 5:15Arcuate artery will give off  dorsal metatarsal arteries,
60. 5:19which give off perforating arteries, and then continue dividing into the dorsal digital
61. 5:25arteries. Three dorsal digital arteries for the  1st dorsal metatarsal, and two for each of the
62. 5:32other dosal metatarsal arteries. So that was all  for the dorsal metatarsal artery. Now let’s do the
63. 5:38Posterior tibial artery, which remember  divides into two plantar arteries,
64. 5:43The Medial and the Lateral plantar artery. At the base of the 5th metatarsal bone the
65. 5:50Lateral plantar artery turns medially and  anestemoses with the deep plantar artery
66. 5:56of the dorsal pedis, as you see here. And they  form an important arch on the plantar surface
67. 6:02called the Deep plantar arch, so Let’s look a little bit into that.
68. 6:07On the medial side we have the Lateral plantar artery,
69. 6:11And on the dorsal surface we have the Dorsal pedis artery. They Connect through the
70. 6:17Deep plantar artery. And they form the  deep plantar arch. So the deep plantar arch
71. 6:24starts from the 5th metatarsal to  the 1st interosseous space. The
72. 6:29perforating arteries from the dorsal metatarsal Will connect with this deep plantar arch to get a
73. 6:35nice collateral blood flow. And then  again just like on the dorsal surface, the
74. 6:40Deep plantar arch will give off 5 plantar  metatarsal arteries, which will divide into
75. 6:46Proper digital arteries. For the  medial plantar however, the artery
76. 6:51Antestemoses with the first dorsal metatarsal  artery and supplies the muscles of the 1st toe,
77. 6:56as well as supplying the rest of the 1st  toe with blood. So that was everything I
78. 7:02had for the Posterior and Anterior tibial  arteries, and I hope this was helpful.