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Animal Testing on Trial | Planet E | Full Documentary — Transcript

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0:01foreign
0:03[Music]
0:05this jungle is their home the
0:08long-tailed macaques live in the forests
0:10of Mauritius far from the tourist
0:12Beaches they are part of a million
0:15dollar business Mauritius is the world's
0:18second largest exporter of monkeys
0:20around 8 000 climates are sold for
0:22research purposes every year to Germany
0:25as well they end up in test Laboratories
0:29condoned by the mauritian government
0:36foreign
0:39Advocates animal rights he made the
0:42business of the monkey Farms public for
0:45him as a Hindu the animals are sacred
0:48the Divine being Hanuman once lived in
0:51the shape of a monkey on Earth to
0:52protect Humanity
0:57I've been visiting this place for
1:01regularly for quite some years
1:04and uh I think it was uh three to four
1:07years ago I noticed that the number of
1:11monkeys in the surrounding World
1:13decreasing
1:18and after some research on the internet
1:21I came to know that Mauritius actually
1:23exported the monkeys so it is obviously
1:26something which is hidden and eventually
1:28to be exported where we all know that
1:31they're going to die at the end of the
1:33experiment so this is completely wrong
1:37the breeding farms are well hidden on
1:39inaccessible private land these pictures
1:42secretly filmed by a British Animal
1:44Welfare organization show how the
1:47monkeys are treated here
1:48[Music]
1:54[Music]
1:57meanwhile experimental animals are
2:00supposedly only bred for export
2:03the catching of wild monkeys was stopped
2:06because the EU only accepts animals that
2:09were raised in captivity
2:16little is known about the monkey Trader
2:18Mauritius the government approves the
2:20business of monkey farms politicians of
2:23the opposition are refused access
2:25[Music]
2:28we want to see transparency we don't
2:30know what is happening maybe we can say
2:32oh yes you can export it we see
2:33everything is okay then the animal get
2:35back to normal or it is cute it is being
2:38good but we don't know there is no
2:40transparency
2:44the business with laboratory animals is
2:47quite opaque only recently it became
2:50known that various German car
2:52manufacturers in the USA carried out
2:54experiments with diesel exhaust gases on
2:57long-tailed macaques
2:59they are often used for toxicity tests
3:02because their genome is about 93
3:04identical to the human genome
3:07during those tests the animals had to
3:10inhale exhaust fumes for four hours
3:13the who had already determined the
3:15fume's harmfulness
3:22in Germany primates are also used to
3:25test where the new substances or drugs
3:27are toxic or not this safety check is
3:30required by law
3:35the researchers use more than a quarter
3:37of all laboratory animals for these
3:39so-called harmlessness tests there are
3:42other experimental Fields more than half
3:45of all animals are used for basic
3:47research 14 for research on diseases
3:58the Animal Rights Association Peter
4:01wants to abolish all these experiments
4:03they believe that research can continue
4:05without them here they are at a rally in
4:07downtown Stuttgart the number of
4:09laboratory animals has hardly changed
4:11for years Peter considers this a scandal
4:15in innocence in the next 10 years
4:17Germany should cease all animal testing
4:19the university should set an example
4:22we're here today to promote that all
4:25universities should put an end to animal
4:27testing once and for all
4:31in most German federal states even
4:33prospective biology teachers are
4:35required to dissect animals
4:37wouldn't the section work was required
4:40even though I had ethical concerns it
4:43was done in front of students too and
4:46most of them find it disgusting I had
4:49the impression that it did not
4:50contribute much to learn more about the
4:53organ functions this could have been
4:55done with models or explained with films
4:58it seems that this was mainly about
5:00accepting it as a method of scientific
5:03workers
5:07in 2016 tests were carried out on almost
5:11one and a half million mice in Germany
5:13in addition there were almost 270 000
5:16fish about 250 000 rats one hundred
5:19thousand rabbits and about 2 500
5:22primates
5:23[Music]
5:27Peter demands that research and teaching
5:30should not use animals at all most
5:32scientists claim that this is wishful
5:34thinking for Peter an ant to animal
5:36testing would be to say goodbye to a
5:39brutal system
5:44you can't make an animal sick make it
5:47deaf or make sure that it cannot walk
5:50anymore and then try to heal it again
5:54and in the end try to mirror the results
6:02do animal experiments really never make
6:05sense let's take deafness as an example
6:08electronic implants for the hearing
6:10impaired have been developed with the
6:12help of cats and guinea pigs
6:16physiotherapists have been a kubalek
6:18Schroeder profited from this she thought
6:20long and hard before she decided on such
6:23an implant today she can even listen to
6:26phone calls with her deaf ear
6:30if you use medicine today you should be
6:33aware that animal testing may be
6:35involved it's like saying I want to eat
6:37meat but I don't want animals to be
6:39killed that's just dishonest
6:43her electronic implant would not exist
6:45without experiments on animals she has
6:47been wearing it for two years this is
6:51far from normal hearing every noise
6:54sounds metallic
6:57the whistling of the kettle or a driving
7:00car sounds as if someone moved Metal
7:03Sheets in the air
7:07this is exactly what Dr Tobias mosa
7:10wants to change for a significantly
7:12better hearing experience for his
7:14patients he does research on a new
7:16generation of implants
7:18specific genetic modifications are
7:20intended to make cells in the inner ear
7:22sensitive to light light points in the
7:25cochlea then transmit the sound inside
7:27the ear patients would then have a much
7:29more realistic hearing experience the
7:32Breakthrough happened with the help of
7:34gerbils the implant already works on
7:36them they can hear with the help of
7:38light
7:39as this experiment shows the rodents are
7:42taught to switch sides following an
7:44acoustic signal
7:46the tests then show that The Gerbils
7:49with the light implant can hear
7:55once we're convinced that everything
7:57works well with the rodents we take the
7:59next step to the next higher animals for
8:01pre-clinical and late pre-clinical
8:04trials on marmosets
8:09the pilot study currently uses 10
8:12marmosets
8:17they communicate in some kind of a
8:19dialogue this makes them so important
8:22for hearing research
8:24the experiments take place at the German
8:26primate Center in gottingham at present
8:29about 1300 primates live here with about
8:32450 marmosets among them
8:36in order to keep the number of monkeys
8:38as low as possible the researchers also
8:40work with mathematical models no monkey
8:43carries the implants yet but later
8:45healthy animals must be made deaf
8:51the marmosets are taught to react to
8:54Signal tones during months of training
8:56as soon as the monkeys hear the sounds
8:58they should lick a tube this way you can
9:01check later how well the implants work
9:05foreign
9:13the experiments are monitored by Stefan
9:16Troyer head of the primate Center he
9:18believes that basic research on monkeys
9:20is irreplaceable
9:24because that's in medicine today we
9:25often use deep brain stimulations
9:28an electrical stimulation that should
9:31reactivate areas of the brain that are
9:33not active enough this wouldn't be
9:36possible without basic research with
9:38primates the same goes for Prosthetics
9:41we now try to develop modern prostheses
9:43that could receive impulses from the
9:45nervous system
9:48a Swiss research team succeeded in
9:51teaching paraplegic rats to walk again
9:55transmitter in the head directly
9:56stimulates the severed nerve
9:59Technologies like these cannot be
10:01developed on the computer or with cell
10:03culture
10:07another example
10:10Parkinson's patients can lead a better
10:12life with the help of a brain pacemaker
10:16the chip suppresses the typical tremor
10:20this progress wouldn't have been
10:22possible without animal testing but how
10:25far do we want to go at the expanse of
10:27animals what would be the price of a
10:29renouncement
10:33the alternative
10:35would be experiments on humans we know
10:39that in some countries that don't
10:41cherish human life too much organs are
10:44sometimes removed from people who accept
10:47this out of financial despair in such
10:51cases I would actually put human welfare
10:54before Animal Welfare
10:57at the German primate Center they agree
11:00that animal testing is absolutely
11:02necessary and also justifiable for
11:04medical progress
11:06[Music]
11:09this question whether to do animal
11:12testing or not doesn't arise in our
11:14field of research as it would be
11:16unethical to expect a human being to
11:18take this risk at such an early stage
11:25nevertheless it remains an ethical
11:27dilemma we make animals sick in order to
11:30be able to heal ourselves this is not
11:32only problematic for the Hindus and
11:34Mauritius for many people Animal Welfare
11:37is a great asset
11:42foreign
11:46politicians have to decide on the monkey
11:48farms for me as a priest it is clear
11:50that we must protect the lives of
11:52animals especially monkeys we pray to
11:55them they are our God
12:01for animal rights activist Anand
12:03experiments on monkeys are unbearable
12:06but would Animal Welfare at all costs be
12:09the solution
12:12I think the best thing would be to
12:14emphasize on the Alternatives rather
12:18than keeping an old and obsolete way of
12:23of trying to of research or trying to
12:25find disease it's okay putting humans
12:28first but it should be done in a in a
12:31human way
12:33Peter's headquarters in Stuttgart the
12:36organization plans its activities they
12:39want to change people's minds about 49
12:42000 animals per year are killed for
12:45educational purposes at universities and
12:47Clinics way too many they say are Peter
12:51we made masks of all the animals that
12:54are traditionally dissected at
12:56universities there are fish for example
12:58mice are some kind of a classic and
13:01unfortunately research is still done on
13:04monkeys we demand that biology students
13:07in the state of baden-wurttemberg can be
13:09Exempted from dissecting animals some of
13:12the animals are killed specifically for
13:15this purpose and there are good
13:17Alternatives such as computer
13:18simulations no animals have to die for
13:21this nowadays down
13:24some universities seized lectures with
13:26animals but most of them stick to a
13:28combination sometimes with and sometimes
13:31without animals
13:32in its campaigns Peter are in full cry
13:35over dissection but what would this mean
13:38for medical lectures
13:44it's difficult to get an understanding
13:46of how an organism is actually an
13:48atomically structured from films photos
13:51and illustrations alone because an
13:54animal looks different than in the
13:55textbook Peter is opposed to the idea
13:58that you have to practice on animals to
13:59find your way around in a living being
14:01their message is that animal welfare
14:03should be valued more highly
14:06not any good animal testing be stopped
14:09it rather should be as the development
14:11of drugs or aids for humans often cannot
14:14be tested on animals because an animal
14:17is an animal and humans are humans
14:19even every pig is different from every
14:21other Pig there are conclusive studies
14:24that 92 pharmaceutical tests on animals
14:27delivered faulty results
14:29which could be harmful to humans in fact
14:34failed experiments on animals are taken
14:36into account which is a complex and
14:38expensive matter for the pharmaceutical
14:40industry on average it takes six years
14:43until a drug is tested on humans for the
14:45first time
14:47foreign
14:50of all substances still fail in these
14:54experiments because the animal testing
14:56didn't produce any relevant data
14:58and in phase two when a Drug's efficacy
15:01is tested for the first time in small
15:03groups of patients even still 50 percent
15:06of the substances drop out because they
15:09don't show any effect the substance
15:12so many experiments on animals are
15:15inefficient but nobody wants to risk
15:18people being harmed by toxic substances
15:20after all animal testing is followed by
15:23experiments on humans as required by law
15:28something that is only approximately
15:30highly toxic shouldn't pass this barrier
15:32in such cases the number of tests isn't
15:35really relevant even though we may do
15:37tests that probably don't make sense
15:41their tissues in Berlin over Mark's team
15:44is working on the vision of the end of
15:46animal testing even in connection with
15:48complex pharmaceutical tests this
15:51multi-organ chip will one day replace 70
15:53percent of all laboratory animals
16:00foreign
16:02ature organs can be connected via an
16:05artificial blood circulation the chip
16:07works with human cells and is capable of
16:10Imaging complex processes just as in
16:13experiments with animals
16:15animal rights activists have high hopes
16:18for this invention
16:23this is the simulation of a diabetes
16:25patient a human miniature liver is
16:28connected to a miniature pancreas
16:33foreign
16:35we are now feeding the cells with a very
16:38high sugar solution so that they develop
16:40diabetes and afterwards we will do
16:42pharmaceutical tests on them accordingly
16:46despite years of animal testing the
16:49pharmaceutical industry hasn't yet
16:51succeeded in curing type 2 diabetes
16:53although we're able to treat diabetes in
16:56mice and dogs clinical studies show that
16:59these drugs aren't effective in humans
17:02[Music]
17:04the invention of the chip could reduce
17:06the development time of drugs by three
17:08years this would save the pharmaceutical
17:11industry enormous costs and the Animals
17:13a lot of suffering
17:17in 15 years we will be ready to replace
17:20the majority of animal experiments for
17:23pre-clinical drug evaluation with such
17:25small chips only the majority because
17:28there are diseases or cases that concern
17:31the overall structure of the respective
17:33organs
17:36the brain will never be replaced by your
17:38chips or many tests on monkeys cannot be
17:40replaced by such multi-organ chips
17:46primates only play a very small part in
17:48research that is based on animal testing
17:50but these tests only concern basic
17:53functions in the organism that are of
17:55particular importance for humans due to
17:57the similarity between primates and
17:59humans the greatest part of experiments
18:02with animals is done with simpler
18:04organisms with mice and rats for example
18:06or with alternative methods
18:08the chemical concern BASF is a leader in
18:12the development of these alternative
18:13methods for toxicological test methods
18:16currently there are about 30 alternative
18:19methods in use there are other Solutions
18:22especially for the legally required
18:24tests for the skin and the eyes
18:28the bcop test is one example instead of
18:32working with live animals Slaughter
18:34waste is used the harmful effects of
18:36substances are tested on the eyes of
18:39bovines for this purpose the cornea is
18:42placed in a special measuring device
18:44the more aggressive the chemical the
18:46more cloudy the cornea becomes the
18:49amount of light that is lapped through
18:51can be accurately measured
19:02in the past thousands of rabbits were
19:04used for these procedures each year in
19:07order to determine irritant or corrosive
19:09effects the chemicals were applied
19:11directly to the eyes of the animals
19:17foreign
19:18[Music]
19:28alternative methods have been approved
19:31nevertheless there are still tests being
19:34carried out on live rabbits in Germany
19:36why haven't such experiments been
19:38abandoned long ago
19:40I don't think that there is anyone who
19:43wouldn't want to use alternative methods
19:45but we have to ask ourselves if we can
19:48be absolutely sure that we're then able
19:50to guarantee sufficient protection for
19:52human health animal testing is far from
19:55perfect but it has a long history that
19:57essentially worked well and alternative
19:59methods are rather new
20:03these new methods have to meet high
20:05standards they have to prove their
20:07effectiveness in extensive studies which
20:09is why it takes about five years from
20:11the end of development until the
20:13introduction of a new drug
20:15animal testing is still the benchmark
20:19Einstein it will be very difficult to
20:22replace animal testing power for par at
20:25some point we will have to choose if we
20:27could do the toxicological evaluation
20:29differently by not trying to reproduce
20:31experiments with animals in a test tube
20:33if we have enough understanding of what
20:35happens in the body in regards to toxic
20:37effects and also know how to evaluate
20:40this without animal testing we will
20:42surely get there in the next 20 years
20:48one reason for this long period is that
20:51alternative methods must first prove
20:53that they have the same significance as
20:55animal experiments they can often do
20:58even more like those tests on the skin a
21:01possible allergy development can thus be
21:03predicted more reliably than with animal
21:05testing
21:08[Music]
21:10many experts demand a change of thinking
21:13from the regulatory authorities they
21:16should deal with the Alternatives more
21:17quickly
21:18however animal testing for toxic
21:20substances is still required by law
21:23mice bear the brunt of the work since
21:26their genes are easy to manipulate they
21:28are particularly popular with
21:30researchers
21:31here at the Institute of veterinary
21:33medicine at the Freya University Berlin
21:35the scientists are trying to find better
21:37ways of dealing with laboratory animals
21:40I will get a cage with mice and show the
21:43students a gentle way of handling them
21:46so that it is as stress-free as possible
21:49for the animals
21:57animal keeper e Friedrich consciously
22:00decided to take care of animals that are
22:03used for experiments
22:06I don't think that the use of these
22:08animals can be dispensed with completely
22:10at the moment science simply hasn't come
22:13that far yet this is a possibility for
22:16me to provide animal protection and to
22:18make sure that they have the best
22:20possible life
22:25when we assess the welfare of or the
22:28strain on the animals we often try to
22:30see things from the animal's perspective
22:32it's quite clear that all interventions
22:35that cause more pain suffering or damage
22:38than an injection are to be judged as
22:41strain but for the mouth the injection
22:44isn't the greatest strain it's much more
22:47stressful when I reach into the cage and
22:50grab it
22:55clicker training can be used to train
22:57mice to climb onto the hand voluntarily
22:59when they follow a green ball there is a
23:02click and they get some white chocolate
23:04this is a way of reducing stress for the
23:07animals but it's a fact that many animal
23:09tests are designed in such a way that
23:12suffering cannot be avoided
23:17statistics show that in 2016 more than
23:20half of all laboratory animals suffered
23:22from minor strain about every fifth
23:24animal was exposed to medium and five
23:27percent to heavy strain
23:29eleven percent died under general
23:31anesthesia
23:35the aim of the Berlin researchers is to
23:37find out how the total number of
23:39laboratory animals can be reduced they
23:42started a study on this with mice they
23:44wanted to find out how many General
23:46anesthetics a single animal can handle
23:52the more pellets the animals dig out of
23:54the tunnel the better they feel a mouse
23:57in pain would dig out less pellets than
24:00a mouse that feels good it's animals
24:05the conclusion was that six anesthetics
24:07are acceptable with one Mouse mice can
24:10be used several times it would be
24:13possible to further reduce the number of
24:15animals if researchers were to publish
24:17more regarding their failures
24:19otherwise they run the risk of repeating
24:22experiments with animals unnecessarily
24:26I hope that the studies were well
24:28planned and implemented that the number
24:31of animals is properly documented and
24:34that not only the positive data is
24:36published but also the negative results
24:44Krista Turner reinecker also believes
24:46that research cannot do without animal
24:49testing but she still sees a lot of
24:52potential if animals have to be used it
24:55should be at least as gently as possible
24:57and as little as necessary
25:02I don't think that we can renounce it
25:04completely in the foreseeable future but
25:07I believe that we can achieve a great
25:09deal by caring for the animals improving
25:12our methods and developing new
25:14procedures particularly in the area of
25:17Toxicology in order to reduce the number
25:19of animals
25:22Whenever there is a lack of basic
25:24understanding of the human organism
25:27there is still no solution inside
25:28without animal testing the situation is
25:31different when it comes to
25:32Pharmaceuticals here Alternatives seem
25:35possible in the foreseeable future
25:38nobody likes animal testing it's an
25:40ethical dilemma and it's expensive so
25:42there's already a lot of pressure to
25:45replace this methods
25:49these marmosets won't benefit from this
25:51they are already scheduled for the next
25:53experiments with hearing implants they
25:56remain an important part of scientific
25:59research
26:01animal testing is only one method in
26:04medical research and in the end it can
26:05only be the combination of animal
26:07experiments with computer models cell
26:09cultures we need to find methods that
26:11really help us to move forward because
26:13the big questions in medicine today are
26:15so complex that no method alone will
26:18suffice to make progress
26:22it will not yet be possible to do
26:25without the monkeys from Mauritius but
26:27the chemical and pharmaceutical
26:29Industries basic researchers and doctors
26:32are all working on other Alternatives
26:34some progress has already been made a
26:37ban on animal testing for Cosmetics
26:39tobacco products detergents and weapons
26:42is now in place all over Europe also
26:45thanks to the pressure from animal
26:47rights activists
26:49isn't the only one who hopes that all
26:52animals will be able to live freely in
26:54the future but the Dilemma remains
26:56medical progress all too often
26:59contradicts Animal Welfare
27:04foreign
27:09[Music]

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