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And Man Created dog - National Geographic Documentary — Transcript

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0:02[Music]
0:05the
0:09war the original ancestors of our
0:12[Music]
0:17dogs more than 15,000 years of human
0:20tinkering first by accident and later by
0:23design has created one of the most
0:25varied looking species on Earth
0:35from the start we have shaped dogs to
0:37help make our lives
0:40easier this is the story of how wolves
0:43and humans forged a bond that changed
0:45them us and the world forever
0:54[Music]
1:01[Music]
1:08Our Story begins as the great ice sheets
1:11were advancing over the Northern
1:12Hemisphere turning the world colder and
1:21drier this was the ice
1:26age and it belonged to the wolf
1:32[Music]
1:40this vast landscape was their
1:44[Music]
1:54backyard there were millions of wolves
1:56roaming the continents of the northern
1:58hemisphere
2:03[Music]
2:05and whether they lived in the Arctic or
2:06the desert they lived in
2:11packs our ancestors would have feared
2:13and admired the wolf's speed stamina and
2:16Superior
2:21[Music]
2:25sensors the wolf pack was the perfect
2:27killing machine
2:32once they sniffed out
2:34prey it was already too late
2:38[Music]
2:48[Music]
3:00oh
3:02[Music]
3:19[Music]
3:27[Music]
3:33[Music]
3:50working together they were able to take
3:52down animals far larger than
3:56themselves wolf packs have a strict
3:58social order led by an alpha male and
4:01alpha
4:04female and the alphas got the choice
4:08bits but the pack got it share
4:14[Music]
4:16too and only the alpha female had
4:20pups but just as it took the pack to
4:22bring down prey the pack helped raise
4:26the
4:27young a wolf pack was was a
4:31family and in that sense they were just
4:34like
4:35[Music]
4:44us Clan loyalty held us together too and
4:49kept us alive against tremendous Ice Age
4:55odds because for thousands of years we
4:58trespassed in a world that was not
5:09ours back then there were less than 1
5:11million people on the entire
5:15planet and if our ancestors felt like
5:18they were always being watched It's
5:21because they
5:22were wolves like us are curious
5:26animals for a carnivore with a nose a
5:28100 times more sensitive than ours the
5:31smell of cooking meat would have been an
5:33irresistible
5:37lure they followed their noses to the
5:39edge of our camps and discovered an
5:42unexpected prize our
5:45[Music]
5:47garbage even for this top predator
5:50hunting was hard work that often went
5:53unrewarded the most curious least
5:55aggressive wolves discovered that there
5:57were rewards to be had living close to
6:00us our scraps became a new kind of fast
6:05food and the camp wolf was
6:07[Music]
6:21born professor of ecology and
6:23evolutionary biology Dr Robert Wayne is
6:26the senior author of a new genetic
6:28analysis of wolves and
6:31dogs I think it was initially a loose
6:34Association wolves started following
6:37humans because they provided a resource
6:40and then kind of adopted the human Niche
6:43and those wolves by just by the nature
6:45of that new habit that is they were no
6:47longer territorial they're not hunting
6:49territorial prey they were following
6:50humans there was some kind of
6:52reproductive
6:53[Music]
6:55Divergence in time the camp wolves
6:58living close to humans
7:00became genetically isolated from the
7:02Wolves of the forests and
7:05Wilderness eventually in locations
7:07across the Middle East Asia and Europe a
7:10new social order
7:16[Music]
7:18dawned and the most curious humans and
7:20wolves were taking one small step toward
7:23the creation of the dog
7:28[Music]
7:31[Laughter]
7:36[Music]
7:43this first timid contact began a dance
7:46between our two species that would
7:48change our world forever
7:51[Music]
8:08[Music]
8:25there must have been something special
8:26about wolves which predisposed them
8:29towards domestication and I think the
8:31real inkling of that is wolves were the
8:34only large carnivore that humanists ever
8:39[Music]
8:44[Applause]
8:47domesticated Camp wolves became a
8:49familiar presence around our
8:54campsites and we became more comfortable
8:57with them
9:03these were perilous times for Our
9:05Ancestors they were surrounded by
9:07animals bigger stronger and faster than
9:12[Music]
9:16us when night fell we huddled around our
9:19fires wary of the danger from predators
9:22lurking in the Darkness
9:33[Music]
9:36again
9:41[Music]
10:09it's likely the camp Wolf's earliest
10:11service to humans was as an alarm to
10:14Danger
10:24[Music]
10:29a
10:37[Music]
10:59[Music]
11:08in protecting her own young this Camp
11:10wolf unintentionally protected the
11:12[Music]
11:24human but now her pups were orphan
11:31[Music]
12:00the clan mothers could never have known
12:01that the cries of the wolf pups would
12:03trigger their brain chemistry urging
12:06them to nurse for these babies just as
12:08they did their
12:11own this brain chemical oxytocin is made
12:15by all mammals and it's released through
12:17suckling and by warmth and repetitive
12:21touch that night around the campfire no
12:24pup or Clan member was immune to the
12:27powerful connective chemistry being
12:30Unleashed today we are just beginning to
12:33understand how such simple acts of
12:35kindness can ignite the social brain
12:37chemistry that makes us less fearful and
12:40willing to develop social
12:43ties the pups and clan members first
12:46felt this Bond more than 32,000 years
12:50ago as new generations from these orphan
12:52pups were born the camp wolf evolved
12:55into the Proto doog the precursor to
12:58man's best
13:00[Music]
13:02friend and with each new litter our
13:05ancestors kept the tamest pups and shunn
13:08the
13:11rest early on any wolf that hinted at
13:15aggression or Proto doog that hinted at
13:17aggression towards humans especially our
13:18children would have been immediately uh
13:21removed and killed the ones that
13:23successfully integrate with humans are
13:25the ones that tend to be more docile
13:28instead of natural selection guiding
13:30Evolution human intervention changed the
13:33very nature of the Proto doogs long
13:36before there was a word for it our
13:38ancestors became
13:39geneticists and they created the wolf
13:42that didn't
13:43bite and set the stage for all of our
13:47dogs
13:50[Music]
14:09there is no history of dogs without
14:11humans solidly at their
14:14side dogs exist because we needed
14:18them we needed them to protect us and to
14:21help us
14:23hunt to gather our herds haul our stuff
14:26and later even heal us
14:31and they do all this for us because they
14:33need us
14:36too we humans have become their
14:39ecological
14:41niche our mutual need for nurturing and
14:44companionship keeps dogs near and dear
14:46to us in the 21st
14:49century a recent genetic study provides
14:52clues of how all dog breeds are related
14:55and how they're all related to
14:57wolves we compared all our markers in
15:01the dog genome to the same markers in
15:03the wolf genome and we asked what
15:06markers are very Divergent and we find
15:09that the primary signal in the dog
15:11Genome of origin is from Middle Eastern
15:16wolves genetic evidence points to Middle
15:18Eastern wolves as the original ancestors
15:21of our dogs the genetic contributions
15:24from other wolf populations all occurred
15:26at later points in dog evolution
15:31but when did the human dog partnership
15:34begin our earliest archaeological
15:37evidence is a canine skull found not in
15:39the Middle East but at go cave in
15:43Belgium when it was discovered in 1870
15:47it was believed to be the skull of a
15:51wolf but in 2007 Dr ma Jamon pre
15:55reexamined the skull and found something
15:59quite
16:01different these skulls were discovered
16:03more or less 40 years ago and they
16:07remained in the museum since then they
16:09were excavated in two different caves in
16:11the Belgian ens this skull as you can
16:14see is very gray style very slender
16:17compared to this wolf skull it has quite
16:20a short snot and this is typical for
16:23domestic dogs its teeth are still quite
16:26large so this is uh uh not typical for
16:30recent dogs but uh is a sign that it's
16:32really an old
16:34dog this skull has been carbonated as
16:37being over 31,000 years old twice as old
16:41as the oldest dog skull previously
16:44found this is the most compelling
16:46evidence that long before the end of the
16:48Ice Age environmental and human
16:51influences had given rise to the dog and
16:55it may have looked something like
16:57this what was it tame tameness means to
17:02me docility that is an animal that will
17:05not harm you generally and uh will be
17:09submissive to your needs domestication
17:13to me means much more than that that is
17:15if you open the gates for your dog may
17:17go for a walkabout but it's still going
17:19to come back to you for food and shelter
17:22and even for companionship it's part of
17:24human society and dependent upon it the
17:27goo skull at 1,000 years ago is indeed a
17:31very old dog and it really does suggest
17:34that
17:35domestication um occurred on the order
17:37of tens of thousands of years ago other
17:40evidence of humans and dogs has been
17:42found in Israel Western Russia and
17:46Germany but perhaps the most intriguing
17:48find is in southern
17:51France chave cave discovered in 1994
17:55contains the earliest cave paintings in
17:57Europe perhaps the most important
17:59Discovery was not found on the cave
18:01walls but in The Damp clay
18:04floor here archaeologists found
18:06Footprints of a child that appears to
18:09have been accompanied by a
18:11dog unlike wolf tracks these have the
18:14shorter middle toe of a
18:16[Music]
18:18dogs carbon dating of the child's torch
18:20marks swiped on the cave wall tell us he
18:24and this ancient dog may have taken
18:26their walk together 26,000 years
18:30ago the archaeological record is
18:32tantalizing but sparse and genetic
18:36research can tell us where dogs came
18:38from but not how closely they may have
18:40looked like the dogs in our living rooms
18:43today in this analysis we're looking at
18:45lineages in a sense we're tracing
18:47backwards in the family tree we're not
18:49necessarily saying how that dog looked a
18:52th000 or 2,000 years ago were asking
18:54what its ancestry was so the dog that we
18:57see today and recogniz as a Samoyed or a
19:00Chow Chow um its ancestors might have
19:03looked far different than that our
19:05relationship may go back over 30,000
19:08years but what our dogs look like today
19:11is a fairly recent
19:13creation something on the order of 80%
19:16of our dogs probably derived from
19:18selective breeding practices in the last
19:20few hundred years with the Victorian
19:23era 11 12,000 years ago there wasn't
19:25anywhere near the um strict breeding
19:29regime that exists today so an
19:31individual may have had a whole mixture
19:32of dogs um small to large with various
19:35abilities and tried to select amongst
19:37them but there was nowhere near the
19:39rigid types that we see
19:42today the last cold snap of the Ice Age
19:45turned Western Europe both cooler and
19:48drier
19:56[Music]
20:01as climate changed our ancestors had to
20:04adapt and for hunter gatherers hunger
20:08was an everyday occurrence
20:12[Music]
20:20[Music]
20:26[Music]
20:30and primitive hunting could be very much
20:32hit and
20:35[Music]
20:39miss our ancestors discovered their dogs
20:42could flush and kill game more
20:44efficiently than they
20:49could dogs had the Keen ears and noses
20:52to find game big and
20:56small and the Speed and Agility to run
20:59it
20:59[Music]
21:11[Music]
21:18down wolves were specialists in
21:21Cooperative hunting
21:24[Music]
21:32our ancestors learned that some dogs
21:34retain the wolf's instinct to hunt and
21:36to share their food with us their
21:45[Music]
21:57pack we began the process of selective
21:59breeding by mating only pairs of good
22:02hunting
22:05dogs our ancestors were literally
22:08creating the perfect partners for the
22:13hunt this is the modern-day
22:17Saluki it's a living relic of one of
22:19man's earliest shaping of a good hunting
22:22dog into a great
22:26one a Saluki like dog skeleton was found
22:29in a burial mound in Northwest Iraq the
22:31dates back to 5,500 years
22:35ago 3,300 years ago this fan was made
22:39for King Tuton Kon showing the young
22:41king hunting ostriches with a dog the
22:44spitting image of a
22:46[Music]
22:49Saluki Salukis are sight hounds over
22:53Millennia Salukis were carefully bred
22:55and trained to spot and Chase game
22:58across the hottest
23:00deserts they aren't the fastest dogs
23:02humans created but at 33 mph they're
23:06fast
23:06enough their real talent is being able
23:09to hold that speed for up to 2 miles to
23:11exhaust their prey something even a wolf
23:14will rarely do a Ci's long legs can
23:18cover nearly 12 ft in a single stride at
23:21two points in their Gallop all four paws
23:24are off the
23:26[Music]
23:27ground this efficient gate contributes
23:30to their incredible
23:33endurance wolves can run around 30
23:36mph at top speed a wolf stride is 6 to 8
23:40[Music]
23:46ft Salukis do not track by scent odors
23:50dissipate in the dry Desert
23:52Winds instead Salukis rely on their
23:54Vision to spot prey in the open
23:56landscape
23:59sight is generally considered one of the
24:01weaker of a dog senses but the long
24:03scold sight hounds have binocular vision
24:06like weedo and a very wide field of
24:08vision
24:10270° that's 110° wider than
24:14ours selective breeding gave Salukis a
24:17powerful visual streak that runs through
24:19their
24:22retina this is believed to make moving
24:24objects on the horizon like prey highly
24:27visible
24:44[Music]
24:45from these first sigh hounds came
24:49Afghans
24:51bjoy Irish
24:54Wolfhounds and the fastest of all the
24:57Greyhound
25:00[Music]
25:03where's the bird bir wa but some hunting
25:08dogs are at their best when standing
25:10perfectly
25:12still this is the
25:14pointer a distant relative of the
25:17Greyhound crossed with senent hounds to
25:19produce a dog with good legs a great
25:21nose and terrific
25:24self-control wo
25:28W it's bred to find game hiding at our
25:31feet good boy pointers not only sniff
25:35out hidden prey they freeze on a dime
25:38before scaring it off and point the
25:40presence of a bird out to its
25:46owner the German short air pointer was
25:48uh bred for the common person in Germany
25:51they wanted a dog uh that would track
25:54and hold game and they didn't have guns
25:56back then when these dogs were around so
25:58they would use Raptors and the dog would
26:00hold the bird on point and they would
26:03release their Raptors in the hawk or the
26:05Paragon or whatever they had the time
26:06would come in and grab the prey and
26:09they're mesmerized by the bird they they
26:12they want to find it and then once they
26:13do they want it but there's something
26:14that holds it back and that's that
26:16breeding when he's not working for the
26:18US Forest Service Brian Dirks trains
26:20pointers in Northern
26:22California heal heal
26:25up heal up ly
26:29up good girl boy
26:34you today most of us no longer need dogs
26:37as hunting partners and simply enjoy
26:39these popular breeds as cherished family
26:42members
26:43[Music]
26:52[Music]
27:04humans harness the wolf's natural
27:06impulse to feed the pack and created
27:13[Music]
27:16retrievers retrievers are bred to
27:18recover prey and return it to the hunter
27:20without damage
27:22[Music]
27:31field trials with these dogs have become
27:33a popular sport for many dog
27:36[Music]
27:44owners retrievers are equally at home on
27:47land or
27:48[Music]
27:50water their double layered coats
27:52insulate against all kinds of weather
27:55and web feet help propel them through
27:57the water
27:59[Music]
28:01poodles are rarely used for retrieving
28:03anymore it's a treat to see these
28:05hunting dogs doing what they were
28:07originally bred
28:09[Music]
28:13for wolves will charge into water in
28:15Pursuit Of Prey and our dogs are a chip
28:18off that old
28:21block retrieving breeds are bred for
28:23soft mouths this refers to the
28:26willingness of the dog to carry game in
28:28its mouth without biting into
28:35[Music]
28:50it a wolf's jaw has a bite force of
28:531,500 lb per square in of bone crushing
28:56pressure
28:58[Music]
29:00even with prey in his mouth a retriever
29:03can suppress that urge to bite and they
29:05can recover a downed bird as gently as
29:08they would a lost
29:11pup whether they're pets or hunting
29:14Partners it's really our dog's affection
29:16we cherish
29:19most because without it all the physical
29:21and sensory superiority we bred into
29:24them would mean nothing
29:31and without our love they would still be
29:37[Music]
29:45wolves for thousands of years humans
29:48migrated with the great herds taking
29:50only what they could carry
29:53[Music]
30:04but the end of the Ice Age scrambled the
30:06old world
30:07[Music]
30:13order some species died
30:17out but clever humans were not so
30:20limited our ancestors had their
30:22versatile canine Partners to help them
30:24exploit new opportunities
30:29one of those opportunities took us
30:30across the land bridge from Asia and
30:33into North
30:39America on the vast North American
30:41Plains humans discovered a way to
30:43lighten their load when they turn to
30:46their
30:51[Music]
30:53dogs wolves are not beasts of Burden but
30:56their natural inclination is to stick
30:58with the
31:01pack hauling a load was a strange new
31:04burden for our dogs but luckily for us
31:07their loyalty was as strong as their
31:10backs we don't know the exact date this
31:12all happened but the ancestors of the ud
31:15Indians ed dog powered Travoy to carry
31:18their belongings for thousands of
31:21years when it comes to hauling nothing
31:24beats the power of the pack
31:27[Music]
31:28since ancient times most large breeds of
31:31dogs were used as draft
31:36animals even in the early 20th century
31:39draft dogs hauled people and goods and
31:41also took on shores when horses weren't
31:44available
31:47[Music]
31:54[Music]
32:03thanks to technology most working dogs
32:05are unemployed but besides just being
32:08pets many working dog breeds today enjoy
32:11keeping some old traditions alive
32:16[Music]
32:28dogs have been hauling us over snow and
32:31ice for hundreds of
32:35years these are original Arctic sled
32:38dogs the Malamute and Siberian
32:45[Music]
32:56Husky good morning are you you ready for
32:58a
32:59run but ever since mixed breed started
33:01winning the 1,150 Mi idod and other sled
33:05dog races have
33:07[Music]
33:14ruled traditional sled dogs have been
33:16bred with Greyhounds Setters pointers
33:19hounds Mastiffs St Bernards and new
33:22finlands to create outstanding racing
33:24dogs
33:39and sled dogs don't run because the
33:41musher cracks the whip they run because
33:44they love
33:45to so strong is the desire to run with
33:48the team that the worst thing that can
33:50happen to a sled dog is to be left
33:52behind when the team pulls out
33:55[Music]
34:04[Music]
34:08spotting a dog's talents and knowing how
34:10to use them has helped humans turn these
34:13muttly cruise into ID Rod gold
34:23[Music]
34:30in this Last Remnant of the Ice Age one
34:33thing has never changed the ultimate
34:35Arctic compliment was always and still
34:39is you are good with
34:48[Music]
34:51dogs our hunter gatherer ancestors were
34:54always at the mercy of climatic and
34:56seasonal changes
35:00[Music]
35:13[Music]
35:19we can only imagine our ancestors
35:21surprise and Delight when they first saw
35:23their dogs doing this hurting
35:29[Music]
35:31little did they know they were
35:33witnessing the beginning of the end of
35:35life as they had always known
35:38[Music]
35:44[Music]
35:46it with dogs like this herds could be
35:49gathered and contained not
35:55followed game could be kept not
36:07stopped thanks to dogs wild animals
36:10became livestock and we humans were on
36:13our way to becoming herders and
36:16[Music]
36:26Farmers hering dog remain ready to work
36:28whenever asked and their enthusiasm and
36:31devotion still wins our admiration and
36:34our
36:35[Music]
36:45hearts even today Jerry Williams needs a
36:49bit of wolf to help him get the job done
36:52my name is Jerry I'm a rancher in the
36:53Sanz Valley I couldn't even imagine
36:56ranching without a dog
36:58Jerry runs a thousand head of cattle on
37:00his 2500 acre ranch it's an idyllic life
37:04made possible by some very good
37:06dogs the big thing about the Border coli
37:09dog is that they are the smartest dog in
37:12the world they know their job and they
37:15do it damn
37:18well let's get in look around just look
37:22around just we out we
37:25out we've always used border collar day
37:28in day out and if I didn't have these
37:30dogs I would have to have one to two
37:32more employees to help run our family
37:34operation it would probably take me two
37:36to three times as long to get the work
37:40done Jerry's border colleagues have
37:42retained their Wolf's hting Savvy but
37:44are focused on a completely different
37:51goal when wolf packs hunt they work
37:53together to separate their intended prey
37:55from The Herd
38:02[Music]
38:07when this wolf-like pack stalks the herd
38:09it's not to divide and conquer but to
38:11keep them moving
38:16together this inhibition of the Killer
38:18Instinct may seem unw likee but it
38:22isn't a good herting dog has the right
38:25balance of boldness excitability
38:27and a desire to
38:32herd Jerry won't introduce his young
38:34dogs to the herd until they're old
38:36enough to stare down a
38:38cow this predatory behavior emerges when
38:41they're about 7 months
38:43old this is the first step in a series
38:45of stalking and chasing behavior and
38:48what Jerry looks for before beginning to
38:50train his dogs to
38:53her when all these genetic talents are
38:55in sync these dogs can move a mountain
38:58of meat and the Border col's legendary
39:01train ability is also encoded in their
39:04DNA which has allowed their masters to
39:06run their herds by remote
39:11control things happen out here so fast
39:13there's not enough time for me to
39:14control every movement they have to
39:17think on their
39:21own once you show them something once
39:24they've got it and everything and they
39:26have the heart the Des desire and the
39:28ability to do just about
39:29anything Jerry's border colleagues are
39:32as highly attuned to his every whim and
39:34move as they are to the
39:45herds the dogs love to do what they do
39:48they'll work their heart out and uh and
39:52do anything for me they're the most
39:54loyal animals I've ever been around in
39:56my life I'll be honest with you there
39:59they're just like our family and best
40:00friends we get to work with our best
40:02friends every
40:07[Music]
40:10day handling livestock and the confines
40:13of a farmyard is a different job that
40:16needs a different
40:17[Music]
40:20dog Vicky northw corgis help her handle
40:23all the livestock on her
40:25spread while board colle excel at Open
40:28Range hering it's the little Corgi that
40:31is most Adept at these close order
40:33drills it's the little chore work that
40:35she's really best at I wouldn't send her
40:37out on the other side of the field to
40:39bring in 250 head of sheep but when I
40:42have to move the Ducks from a pen or I
40:45have to put the Sheep up so I can doctor
40:47them uh hell is right there and they
40:49know what they're supposed to be doing
40:51they're supposed to control the stock
40:53you know they're in total command of
40:55animals that are two three you know 10
40:58times their size corgis in both behavior
41:01and height are healers a kind of herting
41:03dog bred to nip the Hawks of livestock
41:06to drive them forward the panw Corgi was
41:09bread in Wells at a time when farmers
41:13were grazing their stock in big open
41:16areas it was kind of the corgi's job to
41:19have like an imaginary fence line and
41:22when other neighbor stock would come
41:24close to their stock they'd push them
41:27back
41:28that's a good thing for Vicki because it
41:30can be very dangerous working with large
41:33animals my cows are pretty gent most
41:35people will breed for good temperament
41:37and cows but what'll get you hurt is
41:39when they group together and they start
41:40shoving and fighting each other for food
41:43and people get killed at stock all the
41:44time so it's hel's job to watch my back
41:48and she's right there pushing them away
41:50from me and keep it an eye that's
41:54my hit hit hit hit hit
41:57good girl good girl good girl Walk Up
41:59Walk Up Walk Up Walk up you got it you
42:02got it that's my girl that's my
42:06girl they're really like little
42:09policemen at heel height they are
42:11perfectly positioned for their job and
42:14low and fast enough to avoid the
42:15occasional
42:17kick she's not a farm implement she's a
42:19family member she's just working for a
42:21living like I do in the Corgi Man
42:24created The Perfect Blend of
42:26intelligence speed and oversized K9
42:35boldness for the first time in human
42:37existence we began to put down
42:41Roots wild animals had become our
42:44livestock our
42:47wealth and our ancestors relied on this
42:50domesticated livestock as much as on
42:55Farming and we relied on our dogs to
42:57protect our precious herds from
42:59predators of all
43:16kinds we bred dogs with the nose and
43:19ears to best sense Danger
43:26[Music]
43:30but also had the muscle to deal with
43:33it just as a wolf loyally defends its
43:36pack in territory we created dogs who
43:39would loyally defend their human
43:44[Music]
43:46pack our dog's natural ability to
43:48recognize friend from foe hear a distant
43:51gate creek sound the alarm and attack an
43:55intruder became essential to protecting
43:57our property as much as
44:04ourselves even today there are places
44:07where flocks still need to be
44:10protected Jerry Williams has his border
44:13Coles to move his cattle but he also has
44:15300 goats and they need a different kind
44:18of dog the panes dogs were new to us in
44:22the last 4 years and we got introduced
44:24to the panes we bought goats to help
44:26control our brush problems on the
44:28ranches cuz we couldn't do control burns
44:30anymore this is Miller one of Jerry's
44:33three Great Pyrenees
44:36dogs we have a real problem with coyotes
44:38and lions in our area we've had Lions
44:41seen in with our goats three different
44:43times and we have had zero predation
44:47from lions or anything else as long as
44:49the P are with the
44:51goats come on
44:53Miller buddy you ready to go to work
44:57Great Pyrenees are livestock guards and
45:00they develop this protective Instinct
45:02due to an unusual
45:04childhood the Pyrenees are born with the
45:07goats and are raised up with the goats
45:10their whole life no matter what they
45:12want to be with the goats it's fun to
45:14watch them on the field because they'll
45:15go ahead of the goats and check an area
45:18out and the goats will head out there to
45:20where they're
45:23at you see how comfortable the goats are
45:26eating and putting head's down grazing
45:27and he's got his head up watching
45:30everything because the Pyrenees pups are
45:33raised with the goats from such an early
45:35age hormones influence the dogs to see
45:38the goats as their
45:41[Music]
45:42herd just as wolves watch over their
45:45territories the Pyrenees vigilantly
45:47watch over their herd protecting them
45:49from
45:51predators these Pyrenees have taught me
45:53so much they've taught us how to be
45:55around them I've made mistakes with them
45:57with the fact of thinking I was going to
46:00bring him in to give him some time off
46:02and put him in a dog kandle and in these
46:05blood curdling howls from and everything
46:07realizing no matter what they want to be
46:08with the goats I mean their their
46:11loyalty to their friends to their their
46:14goats is absolutely amazing Jerry sleeps
46:17well at night knowing his dogs will not
46:19leave even one goat up on the mountain
46:22alone when we bring the goats in we we
46:25count the dogs not the goats because if
46:27we have all of our dogs we know we have
46:29all of our
46:35goats see how he greets them when they
46:37come
46:38in there's no way
46:41any any other way of controlling uh
46:45coyotes or lions with these goats would
46:47would work besides these dogs they're
46:50worth their weight and go without a
46:51doubt dogs have protected our herds and
46:54homes for thousands of years many Roman
46:57homes had Mosaic panels like this one
46:59from the ruins of Pompei with the Latin
47:01inscription cave Kum literally meaning
47:04beware of dog proclaiming that a guard
47:07dog's on
47:09[Music]
47:12duty for many of us today dogs bred
47:15originally to be guards are both family
47:17members and loving companions
47:20[Music]
47:40Italy's beautiful Mountain Lakes and
47:42Coastline attract millions of swimmers
47:44and boers year
47:45[Music]
47:48round if you get into trouble in Italian
47:51Waters this is what you want to
47:54see the protet C the first and only
47:58organization of its kind in the
48:01world the Italian Coast Guard counts on
48:04this unique highly trained volunteer
48:06Corp of civilians and their dogs to help
48:09them keep the water
48:11safe these are Newland
48:14retrievers water dogs of legendary
48:17strength and swimming
48:19ability originally bred to haul in the
48:21Nets of new finland's fishermen but it's
48:24not just newes other water dogs like
48:26labs are rescue swimmers
48:36too the protoni C was the brainchild of
48:39fio
48:44Pena 20 years ago he decided to combine
48:47his dog's affinity for the water with an
48:49idea for public service and founded the
48:52Italian water rescue dog school
48:56Italy we have 300 dogs that are ready to
49:00work with a coast guard fio worked
49:04closely with the Italian Coast Guard and
49:05Air Force search and rescue units to
49:07create the curriculum for the program so
49:10far this year 10 people have been
49:12rescued by this unconventional
49:16partnership and this is the first step
49:18in getting Italian dogs approved for
49:21Duty teamwork is key between these
49:24civilian volunteers and their dogs
49:28each team must first be able to swim
49:30over a
49:35mile the owner and dog have different
49:38skills to
49:39master the person grasps a hold of the
49:41drowning victim and the dog toes them
49:44both to
49:49safety the next level of training is to
49:51learn to perform a rescue from a
49:53speeding boat
50:01the training program can take as long as
50:033 years to
50:04complete the dogs are trained in a
50:06gentle and supportive process that
50:08develops profound trust in their
50:10owners and they are never forced to do
50:13anything they're not willing to
50:19do all this training trust and
50:22confidence is put to the test when the
50:24dogs and their owners face their final
50:26exam
50:29it's time for the big leap
51:20and if a dog is not ready it's okay
51:23they're never forced to jump and there's
51:26always next
51:37[Applause]
51:38year once they prove their pluck these
51:41citizens and their dogs are ready to
51:43work alongside the Coast Guard
51:45patrolling Italy's lakes and beaches
51:47from Venice to Sardinia
51:56[Music]
52:02whether it's in the water or on land
52:05there are so many ways dogs protect our
52:07Lives who can forget US Airways flight
52:101549 Crash Landing into the Hudson River
52:14a perfectly good plane struck down by a
52:17flock of
52:18geese the FAA Wildlife strike database
52:21has recorded over 108,000 Wildlife
52:24strikes on Commercial and Military
52:26flights in the United States between
52:281990 and
52:342009 but how can we keep flocks of big
52:37birds from nesting at our airports and
52:39flying into our
52:42planes just whistle
52:47[Music]
53:00that'll do good girl come
53:06on this is Dr Nick Carter the director
53:09of the bird strike control program his
53:12organization uses Border Collies like
53:14Vass here to do what nothing else can
53:17change the migratory habits of Canada
53:21geese come
53:23on they're gone come on
53:26today nature calls them to McConnell Air
53:28Force Base in witch
53:31Kansas and this is what he and vassie
53:34have come here to
53:37protect what we're doing is introducing
53:40a predator back into a predator-free
53:41environment airports and air bases have
53:44walled off their airfields and prevented
53:46anybody from coming in any animals
53:48anybody else and so birds find in a nice
53:50safe haven and we're basically
53:53reintroducing a wolf into that
53:54environment
53:55[Music]
53:58you can chase off birds with anything I
54:00mean you can you can go out there and
54:01wave your arms up and down and they'll
54:02fly away but the problem is they come
54:04right back and that's because bird DNA
54:08doesn't recognize loud noises or giant
54:10airplanes as serious
54:13problems we're working with a million
54:15years of evolution they understand what
54:16a a furry thing coming at them from the
54:18grass means it means move and don't come
54:22back that's all we're doing is giving
54:25them a choice between between a field
54:27somewhere else that doesn't have a
54:28predator in it and now this field that's
54:31close to the base with a predator in it
54:33an evolutionary no-brainer for the birds
54:36but a very different story for the dogs
54:39we train the dogs to go against their
54:41Instinct of going out and around them
54:43when we train them to go straighter
54:44towards the birds so we're doing sort of
54:46the opposite of hurting we're actually
54:47trying to get them to frighten the birds
54:50away rather than bring them back slowly
54:52like they would with sheep
54:56these are hard lessons for a border
54:58collie to learn and only about 5% of the
55:01dogs that enter the year-long training
55:02program will
55:05graduate the dogs are very very
55:07effective in fact they're they're
55:09unbelievably effective here for example
55:11at McConnell Air Force Base they've had
55:13a 30% reduction in bird strikes and
55:15there hasn't been a single damaging
55:17strike since we've started over 3 years
55:21ago in Israel where we've had them
55:24working for over a decade now they've
55:25gone from from $10.5 million in damage
55:28to $88,000 in
55:33damage the dogs can clear tens of
55:36thousands of geese and birds off of a
55:38mile or two of open land uh I'm not sure
55:40I'd want to do the job without the dog
55:42because you can have 10 or 20 people
55:44trying to do the same thing that a dog
55:46can do in literally 5
55:48[Music]
55:51minutes they're all about work and
55:53that's all they care about they work for
55:55the love of the work
55:58itself it's no wonder that the Border
56:00Collie is the fastest growing form of
56:02bird control on airports military air
56:05bases and golf
56:07courses and this completely non-lethal
56:10program uses only rescue
56:12dogs so the birds are saved the dogs
56:16have great homes and jobs and the skies
56:19are safer for
56:21everyone all because this dog is smart
56:25adaptable and willing to tackle any task
56:28we point her
56:34[Music]
56:42to we humans change the size shape and
56:45heart of our dogs
56:48[Music]
57:07but the one wolf feature that came
57:09through Evolution unscathed was the
57:11wolf's incredible sense of
57:13[Music]
57:14smell wolves in favorable conditions can
57:18detect as scent up to 1 and 3/4 mil
57:21away and from the earliest days of our
57:24relationship with dogs we put their
57:26noses to work for
57:29us we rely on Keen Vision to navigate
57:32our world which is fine in open well-lit
57:36places but the dog's nose can smell what
57:39can't be
57:41seen animal behaviorist Alexander
57:44Horowitz says to know the dog you must
57:46know its nose and the ways it
57:49experiences the
57:50world as we see the world dogs smell the
57:53world you know we open up our eyes and
57:56there's the world visually in front of
57:57us dogs you know come into
58:00Consciousness and take a big sniff
58:02essentially so we can kind of imagine
58:04that the entire geography of this world
58:07is redrawn for them in
58:10odors and every sniff tells a vivid
58:14story you watch a dog's nose for any
58:17length of time they're doing terrific
58:19gymnastics the sniff of a dog is not
58:22like our clumsy sniff it looks like the
58:25dog is turning his head to see but
58:27really he's turning his head to sniff
58:30[Music]
58:32first whether it's big round and the
58:35palest pink or small pointy and glossy
58:37black all dogs have highly sensitive
58:40noses
58:52[Music]
58:57humans are likely to discern one scent
58:59at a time whichever is
59:02strongest however a dog can sort through
59:04a myriad of scents
59:11simultaneously okay so if we smell a
59:14stew cooking dogs smell each ingredient
59:17of the stew and the
59:22[Music]
59:24cook does it smelling guys what am I
59:27doing over here T we got something
59:30special for you here there you go oh
59:33yeah TS oh it's your
59:37favorite carrots are really good carrots
59:40are the best aren't they aren't they
59:42Budd aren't carrots the best does this
59:44smell good to you huh good
59:48dogs it's going to be really cool dogs
59:51can move one nostril at a time
59:53permitting them to perceive the
59:55direction of a s
59:57scent once they pick up the scent it
59:59dissolves on their wet nose these
1:00:02liquefied molecules are then pushed
1:00:04further back into the snout the dog
1:00:07devotes 40 times more of its brain power
1:00:09to smell than we
1:00:11do a dog's nose contains about 60 square
1:00:14in of scent receptors called the
1:00:19epithelium that's about the size of an 8
1:00:211/2 by 11 in piece of
1:00:24paper if you compare our scent receptor
1:00:27area you would find it is a little
1:00:29smaller than a postage
1:00:31stamp amazingly we've managed to take
1:00:34the great wolf nose and make it
1:00:37better yeah they're uh they're on the
1:00:39move out there really scent
1:00:41discrimination is part of obedience
1:00:46trials send your dog using its
1:00:49incredible sense of smell the dog's task
1:00:51is to locate the one object on the field
1:00:54that its owner has handled
1:00:57[Music]
1:01:10through careful breeding we created The
1:01:13Blood Hound nose complete with 300
1:01:16million olfactory
1:01:19sensors even the docen has 125 million
1:01:24[Music]
1:01:27and the Beagle packs in 225 million
1:01:30scent receptors in its
1:01:33nose we have 96 different breeds of
1:01:36senent hounds dogs specifically created
1:01:38by us over the years for their
1:01:40exceptional sense of
1:01:43smell and today people use a dog's Keen
1:01:46sense of smell in many
1:01:49ways if an object has an odor a dog can
1:01:52be trained to identify it and find it
1:01:56and Dr Giovani morsi's dogs do just that
1:02:00I like to present you the king of the
1:02:03table the
1:02:05trule you can see how magnificent they
1:02:08are that bowl of uh uh White and uh
1:02:15black truffle that the loto Roman finded
1:02:19here in banar
1:02:21ROM it turns out that a dog's Keen sense
1:02:23of smell is perfectly Suited for
1:02:26sniffing out these Subterranean
1:02:28Delicacies and the dog of choice for
1:02:30Italian truffle Hunters is the Legato
1:02:33Roman
1:02:35YOLO they nearly died out as a breed but
1:02:38in the 1970s Dr moriani was one of four
1:02:41Italian dog lovers that brought the dogs
1:02:43back from the edge of
1:02:47Extinction truffle hunting dogs have
1:02:49been used for centuries to sniff out and
1:02:51find truffles in Italy and
1:02:53France truffles can sell for thousands
1:02:56of dollar the record price was set in
1:02:582007 when a truffle weighing a little
1:03:00over 3 lb was sold for
1:03:07$330,000 truffles have been collected
1:03:09for at least 3,600 years their
1:03:12attraction is a tantalizing taste and
1:03:14Aroma and it is said that once
1:03:16experienced can never be
1:03:19forgotten historically both pigs and
1:03:22dogs have been used to find truffles in
1:03:24Italy dogs are preferred bir because
1:03:26pigs will eat truffles dogs
1:03:30[Music]
1:03:33won't every year truffle hunters in
1:03:36Italy take to the woods hoping that the
1:03:38sensitive noses of their trained dogs
1:03:40will lead them to buried
1:03:43treasure finding truffles is a game for
1:03:46the dogs and they're given a treat each
1:03:48time they find one the night before a
1:03:51truffle hunt the dogs aren't Fed so
1:03:53they'll be eager to find truffles for
1:03:55the treats
1:03:59when hunting for truffles a good dog
1:04:01proceeds slowly sniffing and
1:04:03backtracking suddenly it will drop its
1:04:05nose to the ground inhale deeply and
1:04:08then dig in with its front
1:04:12paws many dog owners experience the
1:04:14frustration of their dog leaving the
1:04:16backyard looking like a moon skape here
1:04:19dogs are rewarded for being diligent
1:04:21diggers
1:04:23[Music]
1:04:30the Handler stops his dog before its
1:04:32nails ruin the truffles
1:04:38[Music]
1:05:15truffle hunting dogs are so prized that
1:05:17competing human truffle Hunters
1:05:19sometimes dognap them anything to get an
1:05:23edge
1:05:30[Music]
1:05:42this basket holds about $10,000 worth of
1:05:45truffles not bad for an afternoon's
1:05:48outing and now we are going to eat a
1:05:52very very special food pasta
1:05:56tortelloni romanoli with
1:06:01truffles when it comes to plucking this
1:06:03musty Jewel nothing beats the power of
1:06:07the
1:06:08[Music]
1:06:10nose next to smell the sense of hearing
1:06:13is the most acute of a wolf's
1:06:16senses wolves can hear as far away as 6
1:06:18miles in the forest and 10 mi in the
1:06:21open our modern dogs inherited their
1:06:24great sense of hearing for from the
1:06:27wolf as newborns a puppy's ear flaps are
1:06:31not movable and their ear canals are
1:06:33sealed they are
1:06:36deaf their ears don't begin to open
1:06:39until they're about 2 weeks
1:06:44old by the end of the first month the
1:06:46puppy's hearing is acute they are able
1:06:49to detect the direction that a sound
1:06:51comes from and just like us they learn
1:06:54to screen out a lot of background
1:06:58noise these are important skills because
1:07:01as adults these dogs will sleep through
1:07:03blaring stereos or honking
1:07:07[Music]
1:07:12cars but open a bag of dog food and
1:07:15they're wide
1:07:17awake dog ears come in an amazing
1:07:20variety extremely long and floppy small
1:07:24soft and perked or folding elegantly
1:07:27alongside the
1:07:28face it's the P that's the outer visible
1:07:31part of a dog's
1:07:33ear dogs are able to tilt turn raise and
1:07:37lower their ears to locate not only the
1:07:39sound but pinpoint the exact origin and
1:07:42accurately interpret whether it is
1:07:44threatening or
1:07:46not the frequencies that dogs he are
1:07:49nearly twice what we do and they can
1:07:52pick up and distinguish sounds roughly
1:07:54four times the distance we
1:07:57can at the outer edge of the ear is the
1:08:00ear
1:08:01flap the flap funnels the sound through
1:08:04the ear canal to the tanic membrane or
1:08:08[Music]
1:08:10eardrum inside the eardrum are three
1:08:13small bones that increase the intensity
1:08:15of sound
1:08:18vibrations the vibrations enter the
1:08:20spiral shaped CA which converts them
1:08:22into signals that are then delivered to
1:08:24the brain
1:08:27and all this happens in 6 hundredths of
1:08:29a
1:08:31second but what has proved to be the
1:08:33most important thing a dog can hear is
1:08:36the sound of the human
1:08:39voice and so
1:08:44like beautiful
1:08:47[Music]
1:09:00okay
1:09:03yeah good Mony
1:09:06step dog's ears are exquisitely tuned to
1:09:09the tone pitch and rhythm of our voices
1:09:12these are non-verbal cues that reveal
1:09:15our emotions and intentions to our dogs
1:09:18up switch nice very nice ready let's go
1:09:24okay Becky pull that ability to
1:09:27understand us allows companion dogs to
1:09:29enhance the independence and quality of
1:09:31life okay of their disabled Partners St
1:09:34and this partnership is built on the
1:09:36human
1:09:37voice but just understanding our voice
1:09:40might not mean much without a dog's
1:09:42willingness to do things for
1:09:45us dogs have not only learned to listen
1:09:48to our voice today there are some that
1:09:50can feel the emotion of our
1:09:53hearts the golden retriever is one of
1:09:55the the breeds we originally created to
1:09:57help us
1:09:58hunt and even though most of us no
1:10:00longer hunt the golden has never stopped
1:10:03wanting to please
1:10:05us today they're often found in service
1:10:09as companion
1:10:11dogs this is Tuesday and his best friend
1:10:14Luis
1:10:15monton Luis is a former Army captain and
1:10:18decorated veteran who served two tours
1:10:21in
1:10:21Iraq for 4 years he was surrounded by
1:10:24violence and and
1:10:27death when you're in the profession of
1:10:30combat
1:10:31arms you're expected to be
1:10:35tough and and deal with it and take care
1:10:38of your soldiers and I really neglected
1:10:42to take care of
1:10:44myself Louise came home with a serious
1:10:46spinal injury and psychic scars that
1:10:49tormented him day and night you know
1:10:52transitioning out of the military is is
1:10:54can be a diff difficult thing um I mean
1:10:57I'd been in the military a long time and
1:11:00um coming to New York I'd never lived in
1:11:03New York
1:11:04um this is a I mean it's New York trying
1:11:08to rebuild his life on his own was a
1:11:10real
1:11:12challenge in 2008 the promise of help
1:11:15arrived in an email from the Wounded
1:11:17Warrior Project which offered to pair
1:11:19veterans with mental and physical
1:11:21disabilities with trained service dogs
1:11:24well a lot portion of 2008 I got Tuesday
1:11:27and he he has
1:11:30been I mean a a
1:11:33godsend Tuesday stand good boy look get
1:11:38my shoes that's it good boy bring it
1:11:40here Tuesday's retrieval talents spare
1:11:44Lou painful bending and lifting good boy
1:11:47look go get the other one such a good
1:11:50boy oh good boy you're you're so good
1:11:56such a good puppy he helps me with
1:11:59balance I've had some issues with
1:12:02balance where before I before I got him
1:12:05I fell I fell down a flight of Subway
1:12:07steps it was pretty bad so he offers me
1:12:11um a sense of equilibrium as I walk
1:12:14that's tremendously helpful easy
1:12:17step good boy and once in the subway
1:12:20Tuesday helps Luise keep his mental
1:12:23balance there are a lot of people around
1:12:26and it it uh it's unnerving because it
1:12:30reminds me of
1:12:31some incident in
1:12:34Iraq psychiatric service dogs are
1:12:37trained to recognize changes in a
1:12:38person's breathing perspiration or scent
1:12:41that can signal the onset of a flashback
1:12:43or panic
1:12:45attack he'll tilt his head back and look
1:12:48at me and and sort of smile and maybe
1:12:51lick me and ask me to pet him and it it
1:12:53takes me out of the path past and it
1:12:56brings me into the present I feel better
1:12:59about going
1:13:00out by keeping Lise from dwelling on
1:13:03memories of Iraq and in the present
1:13:05Tuesday gets him to the VA and to his
1:13:08graduate journalism classes at
1:13:10Colombia but Tuesday is far more than a
1:13:13well-trained therapist he's a great dog
1:13:16and just by being a great dog he can
1:13:18unleash oxytocin in all who return his
1:13:20loving gaze Tuesday is beloved at uh at
1:13:25Columbia and and he's beloved at the
1:13:29VA veterans love to see him he he says
1:13:35hello and he he has a remarkable way of
1:13:37changing their disposition um and they
1:13:40even just say that you know I'm I feel
1:13:42so much better now
1:13:44down good
1:13:47belly oh you're your
1:13:50J he has allowed me to get out of my
1:13:53apartment
1:13:55you know where I used to spend an
1:13:57inordinate amount of time alone stewing
1:14:01in my thoughts he you know he's a dog he
1:14:04needs to go
1:14:05out and at the end of their long days
1:14:08Tuesday even reminds Luis to take his
1:14:11medicine good
1:14:12[Music]
1:14:14boy with Tuesday curled up next to him
1:14:17here Luis is able to fall into a healing
1:14:19sleep knowing that Tuesday will wake him
1:14:22at the slightest hint of a nightmare a
1:14:24good boy
1:14:26and so our long long journey with the
1:14:29dog finds us back at the beginning when
1:14:32they protected us from dangers beyond
1:14:34our campfires only now we're asking them
1:14:37to protect us from enemies
1:14:43within the camp wolves that gambled on
1:14:46humans made a very good
1:14:49bet here in the United States we share
1:14:51our homes with over 70 million dogs
1:14:56wolves have not fared as well it is
1:14:59estimated that their population has
1:15:00dwindled from Millions at the end of the
1:15:02Ice Age to only 200,000 worldwide
1:15:08today it's from the genetic palet of the
1:15:11wolf we humans have created dogs to be
1:15:13our partners and
1:15:16companions we selected the best noses
1:15:19eyes muscles and heart mixing and
1:15:22matching till we had created over 400
1:15:24breeds of
1:15:28dogs from those first Proto doogs our
1:15:31ancestors could never have imagined it
1:15:33would have led to dogs that fit in a
1:15:36teacup or take up a
1:15:38bed but what's really surprising is that
1:15:41most of the breeds that we're all
1:15:43familiar with are little more than a
1:15:45century
1:15:47old Dr Robert Wayne has studied the
1:15:49genetic background of all dog groups the
1:15:52selective breeding that was very
1:15:54controlled very strict really became
1:15:57much more popular during the Victorian
1:15:59era standards were erected your breed
1:16:01could only look like this and you bred
1:16:03to that standard and you didn't outcross
1:16:06with other breeds and those processes I
1:16:09think lead to closed Gene pools and
1:16:13along the way breeding for fashionable
1:16:15traits has created unforeseen
1:16:19consequences many dog breeds have
1:16:21developed significant health
1:16:23problems over five 00 genetic defects
1:16:26have been cataloged in purebred dogs and
1:16:28more continue to come to light
1:16:30threatening the health of entire breed
1:16:33populations veterinarian Dr Meredith
1:16:36Kennedy regularly treats dogs with
1:16:38inherited health
1:16:40problems the Bulldog basically is a
1:16:43genetic mutation and the two genetic
1:16:45mutations that we see in the Bulldog
1:16:47condo distrophy which means dwarfism and
1:16:49that's where you get kind of the
1:16:51bowlegged stance you get that short back
1:16:53you get the little cork screw tap
1:16:55and they are also brachy calic brachy
1:16:57spalc means short face so basically this
1:17:00is this is actually an abnormal dog
1:17:02these are genetic mutations that people
1:17:04find desirable and then you start
1:17:06breeding for those things exaggerating
1:17:09those particular characteristics you end
1:17:11up with a dog that cannot walk properly
1:17:13they're at greater risk of death by
1:17:15asphixiation from just normal things
1:17:17like going for a walk in slightly warm
1:17:18weather and they need surgery just in
1:17:20order to be able to breathe like a
1:17:22normal dog and this really hurts the
1:17:24dogs in the 1970s breeders and
1:17:27veterinarians began to address these
1:17:29problems by crossbreeding several types
1:17:31of dogs that possess qualities that
1:17:33people liked in the English Bulldog the
1:17:36result the old English
1:17:39bulldog blend of the English
1:17:41Bulldog the
1:17:43Mastiff the American bull terrier and
1:17:47the American Bulldog the old English
1:17:49bulldog is an effort to create a
1:17:51healthier Bulldog you have a short-faced
1:17:53dog but it's not quite as short face
1:17:55there's a little bit more breathing room
1:17:57in the nasal passages and these dogs
1:17:59don't tend to have the problem with the
1:18:01upper Airway obstructive syndrome the
1:18:03brachy phalic airway syndrome that we
1:18:05see with the Very extreme English
1:18:08Bulldogs an example of how breeders
1:18:10combat inherited health problems is
1:18:13happening here at the Palm Springs dog
1:18:16show these are
1:18:18[Music]
1:18:20Samoyeds Cathy delagarza is judging them
1:18:23to their official breed standard for
1:18:25gate appearance temperament and
1:18:28health these are the potential mothers
1:18:31of many important
1:18:33litters they're Champions it's important
1:18:36that they get breed to the right dogs
1:18:38with the right health checks and that's
1:18:40how we do
1:18:42things like many large breeds these dogs
1:18:45carry genes that can cause joint
1:18:49deformities these are what we call
1:18:51Braille dogs you have to feel everything
1:18:53because these dogs are a tool they're
1:18:55our beloved companions but they were
1:18:57bred for a job and they should be able
1:18:59to do it even though we don't ask them
1:19:01to everything is functionality not just
1:19:03Beauty on these
1:19:05dogs this is a high stakes competition
1:19:08the winning dog will be highly sought
1:19:10after for breeding the next generation
1:19:12of samoya
1:19:13Champions puppies with a championship
1:19:15pedigree can go for as much as 2 to
1:19:203,000 but responsible breeders also want
1:19:22to ensure that no potentially harm
1:19:25traits are passed on to the next
1:19:28Generation okay you're my best of breed
1:19:31you're my best winners you're my best of
1:19:33opposite you're an award of Merit you're
1:19:36an award of Merit and you're an award of
1:19:38Merit Chase has won enough points to
1:19:40finish his
1:19:42championship but now he must face
1:19:44another
1:19:46judge good his owner Ken gaki takes him
1:19:49to a mobile vet clinic to be examined
1:19:51for congenital defects okay we got it
1:19:54are we doing elbows yes his hips look
1:19:57good by the way tell me when we're
1:19:59looking at the right elbow right now
1:20:02we're looking for elbow
1:20:03dysplasia um it's a digital image of his
1:20:06left elbow and we're able to manipulate
1:20:08that to determine whether or not he has
1:20:10it which in this particular case he does
1:20:12not he's got very good elbow
1:20:14confirmation in the case of the hip
1:20:16joint we're
1:20:18evaluating this area right
1:20:21here this bone right here that's the
1:20:24ball and socket joint of the hip and in
1:20:28the case of hip dysplasia that's an
1:20:30underdeveloped area and the ball doesn't
1:20:33fit well in the socket and in that case
1:20:36instead of a ball moving like this as it
1:20:38should you get movement like this and in
1:20:41those cases you'll get abnormal tugging
1:20:43of the soft tissues which will put
1:20:45strains on the tissues and cause
1:20:47arthritis uh it's what we're trying to
1:20:49breed against it's the reason everybody
1:20:51comes in and gets these x-rays there's a
1:20:53very high incidence of hip dysplasia in
1:20:56most dogs in particular large breed dogs
1:20:59and these hips are going to come back as
1:21:00a
1:21:01good the good news that's what we're
1:21:04that's as a breeder that's what we look
1:21:05for Chase has aced this exam and Ken
1:21:09will be given a certificate to verify
1:21:11that this Champion has in joints that he
1:21:14can pass on to all the little chases to
1:21:17[Music]
1:21:19come scientists believe that during the
1:21:21domestication process dogs were selected
1:21:24for their unique ability to communicate
1:21:26with
1:21:28[Music]
1:21:28[Applause]
1:21:30humans but they understand far more of
1:21:32our language than we do of
1:21:37theirs one essential talent that dogs
1:21:39have that seems to owe little to their
1:21:41wolf ancestry is their willingness to
1:21:44look Us in the
1:21:45eye one of the things that's unique
1:21:49about dogs is that they'll look you in
1:21:51the
1:21:52eyes they'll gaze at you the way humans
1:21:55gaze at us this is something a lot of
1:21:58other animals don't
1:22:00do wolves avert their eyes from directly
1:22:03gazing into ours and they show little
1:22:06interest in what we look at or where we
1:22:08point even our closest relatives the
1:22:11chimpanzees show little interest in our
1:22:13point of view but dogs soon discovered
1:22:16that looking deep into our eyes would
1:22:19give them the key to our thoughts and
1:22:21maybe even our soul it certainly
1:22:23provided a reli iable way to communicate
1:22:25and bond with
1:22:27us those deep longing looks also release
1:22:30brain chemicals that deepen our bond to
1:22:33each
1:22:33other and make us throw that ball just
1:22:36one more time again and
1:22:40again but beyond our dog's ability to
1:22:42understand us we bring actual measurable
1:22:45joy to one another I think the human dog
1:22:49bond is um particularly profound there's
1:22:52a lot of research that shows that just
1:22:54by petting a dog our cortisol stress
1:22:57hormone levels go down um blood pressure
1:23:01levels go down many cases dogs get the
1:23:04same effect they also get a therapeutic
1:23:06effect from being petted by
1:23:10humans it's these connections between us
1:23:13looks petting and close physical contact
1:23:16that release the hormone oxytocin in
1:23:18both of
1:23:19us it's the same hormone that forms the
1:23:22powerful bond between mothers and their
1:23:24infants in all
1:23:28mammals it turns out oxytocin has a
1:23:31powerful antistress effect on both of
1:23:34our species making us calmer and more
1:23:37receptive to the non-verbal messages
1:23:39that pass between
1:23:42us this hormone connection gave our dogs
1:23:45a welcomed place at our ancestors
1:23:47campfires and later in millions of our
1:23:49homes across the planet
1:23:52[Music]
1:23:55but not every dog is feeling the
1:23:58love humans have become the dog's
1:24:00environmental
1:24:02Niche so what happens when we turn our
1:24:04backs on
1:24:07dogs in St Louis alone over 40,000 dogs
1:24:11live on the
1:24:15street many have recently been abandoned
1:24:18and others have lived their entire lives
1:24:21there hey that's a good good
1:24:26girl here we go what a good girl now
1:24:30take the leap of faith I want you to eat
1:24:33this out of my hand okay that was a very
1:24:37good girl Randy Grim runs stray rescue
1:24:40of St Louis a nonprofit organization
1:24:43dedicated to saving the lives of stray
1:24:45and feral dogs a there okay yeah man
1:24:49created this entire problem and I just
1:24:53feel it's up to all of us to do
1:24:54something about it and that's kind of
1:24:56what I do
1:24:58is rescue work with them and try to
1:25:01reintroduce them into the human pack
1:25:05with his limited resources he supports
1:25:07those he can and tries to rescue those
1:25:09that are sick for over 20 years Randy
1:25:13has fed and tried to socialize these
1:25:15Abandoned
1:25:16Dogs he rescues 2,000 dogs a year his
1:25:20dream is to eventually be able to rescue
1:25:22all of the dogs and find loving homes
1:25:25for them yes you're like the hell with
1:25:27the dog food give me give me the good
1:25:31stuff every day he has heartbreaking
1:25:34choices to make the guy in the very back
1:25:38his eyes are going soulless on me he's
1:25:41he's not himself he would be here with
1:25:43everybody else I could pet him on any
1:25:46given day and he staying back he's not
1:25:49with the rest of the group he's
1:25:51sick you got to triage everyone
1:25:55you know if you look good like him I
1:25:57have to leave you
1:25:59behind you know say a little prayer and
1:26:02then tomorrow morning hope hopefully we
1:26:05can get them and get him to a vet we're
1:26:08going to get you
1:26:10tomorrow so you just hang in there
1:26:13because he can't get every dog like red
1:26:15off the street Randy supports them as
1:26:18best he
1:26:19can the hard part for me to understand
1:26:21is that we bred the Instinct out to hunt
1:26:25they can still chase a bird they can
1:26:26still Chase an animal but they don't eat
1:26:28it they still need me to bring dog
1:26:35food come on
1:26:37guys I've been wondering where you've
1:26:40been let me see what you look like oh
1:26:43honey somebody beat you
1:26:45up yeah somebody beat you
1:26:48up however when a dog becomes very ill
1:26:51or badly injured he will take them to a
1:26:54that this is the hot dog through the
1:26:56loop trick yeah get your hot
1:27:00dog
1:27:02okay there we go and there we good
1:27:07boy trust me you're much better
1:27:11off good boy ry's organization spends
1:27:16over a million dollars a year on vet
1:27:18bills saving lives and rehabilitating
1:27:20these dogs so they can be put up for
1:27:22adoption
1:27:25here's
1:27:26Eko this is a friend of
1:27:28ours I mean that dog is our
1:27:33buddy true to his word the next morning
1:27:36ry's priority is to see how red
1:27:44is if he died I'll never forgive
1:27:49[Music]
1:27:52myself what is he dead
1:27:57[Music]
1:28:03that's my fault no it's
1:28:06not I'm sorry I should have got you
1:28:10yesterday let's make it a priority I'm
1:28:13getting these three guys out of here
1:28:15okay yep I don't care if we don't have
1:28:19space I don't
1:28:21care you guys you guys are being rescued
1:28:24this week it's over I'm never coming
1:28:27here again come here sweetheart dear's
1:28:29my baby I'm sorry I'm sorry your buddy's
1:28:34gone I'm going to get you out I know
1:28:38I'll get you guys out of
1:28:40here I promise
1:28:42okay the following day Randy makes good
1:28:45on his promise Believe It or Not these
1:28:48guys turn around to become wonderful
1:28:51house pets people think I I work
1:28:53miracles but it's Called Love okay all
1:28:56right goad I get you guys out let's
1:29:15go it's
1:29:18over I'm so glad this is
1:29:21over although he's worked alone for many
1:29:24years Randy now has a staff of seven 300
1:29:28volunteers and 200 foster homes in and
1:29:31around St
1:29:32Louis
1:29:35J Randy will soon be moving his rescue
1:29:38operation into a state-of-the-art
1:29:39facility that combines a Veterinary
1:29:41Clinic a no kill shelter and an adoption
1:29:44center this whole building means nothing
1:29:47to me but the word hope Man created dog
1:29:51and now look what we're doing to him
1:29:53it's we got a respon
1:29:55responsibility over the years Randy has
1:29:58brought thousands of animals back from
1:29:59the brink of death and found them new
1:30:02homes and
1:30:09families but many more are waiting for
1:30:12their chance at a new lease on
1:30:15[Music]
1:30:18life we must give thanks to our ancient
1:30:21ancestors who looked into the eyes of a
1:30:23wolf and saw the promise of a
1:30:25[Music]
1:30:31friend and to all those people that came
1:30:33before us that found they had a way with
1:30:39dogs and help to create the dogs we can
1:30:43no longer live
1:30:45without imagine the world if we had not
1:30:48befriended each other it's nearly
1:30:50impossible as their footsteps have
1:30:53always shadowed up
1:30:55hours this is however a story without an
1:30:58end an evolving tale of two species
1:31:02connected by thousands of yesterdays to
1:31:04innumerable
1:31:07tomorrows what is it we will ask of our
1:31:09dogs
1:31:11[Music]
1:31:12next whatever it is they will happily
1:31:17comply because that's who we made them
1:31:19to be

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