All House Framing EXPLAINED...In Just 12 MINUTES! (House Construction/Framing Members) — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00so everyone knows what framing is it's
2. 0:02the assembled lumber that gives support
3. 0:03and shape to a house they look at a
4. 0:05partially built house see that tangle of
5. 0:07wood and say yeah that's the framing but
6. 0:09most people's knowledge of framing stops
7. 0:11right there they couldn't name many of
8. 0:13the individual components that they're
9. 0:14seeing or tell you what those pieces are
10. 0:16for i've always believed that this puts
11. 0:18them at a disadvantage in contracting
12. 0:20situations pretty much every remodel and
13. 0:22new build is going to require new
14. 0:24framing and extensive repairs are also
15. 0:26going to involve framing as you deal
16. 0:28with issues like rot and decay
17. 0:30in these situations you want to be able
18. 0:31to understand what your contractor is
19. 0:33telling you and the first step is
20. 0:35understanding terminology so in this
21. 0:37video i'm going to quickly run you
22. 0:38through what all those individual
23. 0:40framing members in a house are called
24. 0:42we're going to work our way from the
25. 0:43bottom up going from the foundation to
26. 0:45the roof and along the way i'll even
27. 0:47explain a bit about what these members
28. 0:48do and that's coming up next on the
29. 0:50honest carpenter show
30. 0:56okay let's get down to foundation level
31. 0:58before framers show up masons have
32. 1:00either built up brick and block walls or
33. 1:02poured concrete foundations in either
34. 1:04case they give us a level base to build
35. 1:06off of in most houses the first framing
36. 1:09member we install is the mud sill or
37. 1:11just the sill this little known piece
38. 1:13provides a stable layer for all the
39. 1:15framing above it to rest on if untreated
40. 1:17wood sits on masonry it can rot because
41. 1:20masonry always has a moisture content so
42. 1:22the muzzle is made of treated lumber
43. 1:24that isn't prone to rot so it acts as a
44. 1:26buffer between damp masonry and all the
45. 1:28dry framing above it the mud sill runs
46. 1:30the entire perimeter of the foundation
47. 1:32and is almost always tied down with
48. 1:34anchor bolts which prevent the house
49. 1:36from lifting up when strong winds blow
50. 1:38the next layer of framing is typically
51. 1:40the joists joists create the floor
52. 1:42structure of a house their long pieces
53. 1:44of lumber turn on their edge which are
54. 1:47then supported at various points from
55. 1:48below joists span open space acting as
56. 1:51sort of a bridge across long distances
57. 1:54they give us something to walk on in the
58. 1:55form of floors and something to hold
59. 1:57weight above our heads in the form of
60. 1:59ceilings joists used to be just
61. 2:01dimensional lumber like wide flat pieces
62. 2:03of solid wood but in recent years
63. 2:05engineered lumber has partially replaced
64. 2:07them eye joists are modified eye beams
65. 2:09built out of long pieces of strand board
66. 2:11and solid lumber caps or flanges eye
67. 2:14joists are cheap stable and very
68. 2:16versatile and they often contain pre-cut
69. 2:19knockouts that you can run utilities
70. 2:21through like ducts and wiring this makes
71. 2:23later construction phases both easier
72. 2:25and cheaper you still see a lot of
73. 2:27dimensional lumber on job sites
74. 2:28especially in outdoor structures like
75. 2:30decks the outermost joist in a floor or
76. 2:32deck is often called the rim joist or
77. 2:34the band depending on application other
78. 2:37joists pair up with it or run into it
79. 2:40sometimes joists are even supported by
80. 2:41another horizontal framing member called
81. 2:43girders or beams beams tend to be bigger
82. 2:46stronger pieces of lumber that act as a
83. 2:49spine for joyce to sit on they're sort
84. 2:51of like super joists for other framing
85. 2:53members sometimes joyce even runs
86. 2:55straight into them and are held on with
87. 2:56hardware girders and beams are sometimes
88. 2:58made of dimensional lumber grouped
89. 3:00together or more commonly they're made
90. 3:02from lvls laminated veneer lumber a type
91. 3:05of engineered plywood that is very
92. 3:07strong and comes in really long pieces
93. 3:09so that they can bridge longer spans now
94. 3:12girders and beams also need something to
95. 3:14sit on for support sometimes they rest
96. 3:16on masonry peers like in a foundation
97. 3:18other times they rest on columns or
98. 3:21posts these words column posts are sort
99. 3:23of catch-all terms for a vertical
100. 3:25support sometimes they're made of hollow
101. 3:27steel like this one i installed beneath
102. 3:29that overspan girder in a garage other
103. 3:32times they're made of wood like the very
104. 3:33common porch post i installed these six
105. 3:36by sixes beneath an under supported deck
106. 3:38and on porches you'll see wrapped
107. 3:40columns holding up the beams that
108. 3:41support the roof and ceiling sometimes
109. 3:43these columns are very decorative but
110. 3:45they're still structural but all
111. 3:47together columns and posts transfer
112. 3:49loads from a beam or girder down to
113. 3:51somewhere lower in the foundation or
114. 3:53another support alright so with all that
115. 3:55structure in place we can move up from
116. 3:57the lowest parts of the house after the
117. 3:59joists have created the floor structure
118. 4:01they get covered with subfloor subfloor
119. 4:03is sheets of plywood or strand board
120. 4:05with tongue and groove edges pieces sort
121. 4:07of interlock to create a stable surface
122. 4:09on top of the joists and this covers the
123. 4:11full perimeter of the floor plan right
124. 4:14out to the edge of the structure
125. 4:15everything above this point sits on the
126. 4:17subfloor and that includes the walls
127. 4:19themselves as everyone knows framed
128. 4:21walls are built with studs this word is
129. 4:24of course an endless source of amusement
130. 4:26but stud is really just a blanket term
131. 4:28for pieces of lumber stood up on their
132. 4:29ends to create the vertical structure of
133. 4:32our homes they're most often in the two
134. 4:34by four or two by six dimensions studs
135. 4:36can stand individually spaced out either
136. 4:3816 or 24 inches center to center or they
137. 4:41can be fastened together in groups known
138. 4:43as stud packs these packs sort of act as
139. 4:45makeshift columns in our walls they
140. 4:47carry heavy point loads from somewhere
141. 4:49above and transfer that weight down to a
142. 4:51safe point below but studs never
143. 4:53actually touch the subfloor instead they
144. 4:56sit on another horizontal piece of wood
145. 4:58known as a plate a plate is basically
146. 5:00just a stud laid down on its back it's
147. 5:02virtually identical to a mud sill except
148. 5:04that it's not treated because it's not
149. 5:06in contact with wet masonry this is just
150. 5:09kiln dried 2x4 or 2x6 so you have a
151. 5:12bottom plate beneath the wall and you
152. 5:14have top plates at the top of the wall
153. 5:16top plates are typically doubled up for
154. 5:17strength we call them double plates
155. 5:20adding top and bottom plates to vertical
156. 5:22studs lets us build our walls laying
157. 5:24down and then stand them up into place
158. 5:26it turns the whole wall into a rigid
159. 5:28unit that acts as one piece studs and
160. 5:30plates are virtually continuous in a
161. 5:32wall except where they are interrupted
162. 5:34by doors and windows these openings get
163. 5:36special framing and that framing has a
164. 5:38complex system of names and functions
165. 5:40for instance you've probably seen these
166. 5:42pieces of solid wood facing outward
167. 5:44above an opening these pieces are called
168. 5:46headers and they're very important doors
169. 5:48and windows create hollow space in a
170. 5:50wall which means that studs aren't there
171. 5:52to support weight from above so the
172. 5:54headers transfer the weight that would
173. 5:55be in that space out to the edges of the
174. 5:58opening really they act the same way
175. 5:59that a beam or girder does to carry
176. 6:01weight over a span they're like a bridge
177. 6:04that creates a safe hall of space for
178. 6:05the door or window to sit inside
179. 6:07sometimes headers are also made up of
180. 6:09lvls over longer spans like garage doors
181. 6:12where they need to bear more weight the
182. 6:14ends of the headers sit on pieces called
183. 6:15trimmer studs or jack studs then they're
184. 6:18enclosed by taller pieces called king
185. 6:20studs which extend all the way up to the
186. 6:22plate empty spaces above a door or below
187. 6:25a window are then filled with what are
188. 6:26known as studs just little short
189. 6:29pieces that provide support and create
190. 6:31nailing surface for drywall and cladding
191. 6:33the bottom horizontal piece in the
192. 6:34window opening is called a rough sill
193. 6:37and the entire framed opening of a door
194. 6:38or window is known as the rough opening
195. 6:41again all this structure bears the
196. 6:42weight around these openings so that
197. 6:44doors and windows don't have to there
198. 6:46should essentially never be any weight
199. 6:48on a door window they just sit in a
200. 6:50hollow opening and do their job you'll
201. 6:52also see little horizontal sections of
202. 6:54wood in framed walls these pieces are
203. 6:56known as blocking or in some countries
204. 6:58nogging blocking serves many different
205. 7:00purposes in tall walls it prevents studs
206. 7:02from bowing or twisting in some cases it
207. 7:05provides a fire block which prevents
208. 7:07fire from traveling up the stud bay like
209. 7:09a flu this slows the fire down so it
210. 7:11can't leap between floors and in places
211. 7:14like bathrooms and kitchens blocking is
212. 7:16installed turned up on its edge this
213. 7:18provides solid wood to mount towel racks
214. 7:21cabinets and other fixtures too you
215. 7:23really see various types of blocking all
216. 7:24throughout a house that covers much of
217. 7:26what you'll see in a single bottom floor
218. 7:28so moving up we come to staircases
219. 7:31stairs used to be built entirely from
220. 7:33notched lumber known as stringers in
221. 7:35some cases especially outdoors they
222. 7:37still are built this way but many modern
223. 7:40interior staircases are built in
224. 7:41factories a single enclosed units these
225. 7:44units are ordered beforehand based on
226. 7:46accurate measurements and pretty much
227. 7:47just get installed like a ramp the
228. 7:49vertical pieces of staircases are called
229. 7:51risers and the horizontal pieces are
230. 7:53called treads they may be attached to
231. 7:55frame walls at either side for extra
232. 7:57support or rest on smaller frame knee
233. 7:59walls beneath them knee walls are just
234. 8:01short wall sections typically under
235. 8:03three feet sometimes they support
236. 8:05something other times they're free
237. 8:07standing i'll mention here that the word
238. 8:09header is also used to describe a piece
239. 8:11of framing that opens up a hole in a
240. 8:13floor or ceiling just like a small
241. 8:15girder a ceiling header carries the
242. 8:17weight of several joists by transferring
243. 8:19their load out to other parallel joists
244. 8:22this lets you create openings for pull
245. 8:23down attic stairs dormers staircases you
246. 8:26name it so that's a second definition
247. 8:28for headers and it serves a slightly
248. 8:30different function these headers are
249. 8:31installed in horizontal floors as
250. 8:33opposed to vertical walls okay
251. 8:35continuing upward higher floors in the
252. 8:38house are built much like the first
253. 8:39floor joists sit on the top plate of the
254. 8:41wall below subfloor covers those joists
255. 8:44and the next frame wall sits directly on
256. 8:46that subfloor it's pretty much exactly
257. 8:48the same floor to floor taller houses
258. 8:51may require more beefed up framing
259. 8:52especially on the bottom floor but
260. 8:54terminology wise words are going to have
261. 8:56the same meaning everywhere things only
262. 8:58get different again when you finally get
263. 8:59to the roof roof framing is a complex
264. 9:02topic because things stop moving in two
265. 9:04dimensions and they start converging in
266. 9:06three dimensions in traditional framing
267. 9:08roofs are made up of rafters rafters are
268. 9:11a lot like floor joists except they're
269. 9:12set diagonally at a fixed pitch at the
270. 9:15bottom rafters sometimes sit on the top
271. 9:17plate of the wall below other times they
272. 9:20sit on yet another floor structure in
273. 9:21the attic rafters typically travel
274. 9:23upward and converge at a ridge board
275. 9:26this is a fairly tall board that gets
276. 9:28sandwiched between rafter peaks in
277. 9:30houses with gables the ridge board runs
278. 9:32all the way out to the exterior wall and
279. 9:34sometimes beyond in houses with
280. 9:36contoured roofs the framing gets more
281. 9:38complicated to create an outside corner
282. 9:40a hip rafter descends from the ridge to
283. 9:42the corner of a wall to create an inside
284. 9:44corner a valley rafter does the same
285. 9:46thing
286. 9:47so these roof contours are simply called
287. 9:49hips and valleys shorter rafters that
288. 9:52meet a hip or valley are called jack
289. 9:54rafters the rafters that go all the way
290. 9:55to the ridge are called common rafters
291. 9:58on gable roofs with an overhang or in
292. 10:00eaves the suspended rafter hanging out
293. 10:02in the open air is called the barge
294. 10:04rafter down at the lower point the
295. 10:06projecting end of the rafter is called a
296. 10:08rafter tail these are usually tied
297. 10:10together with a sub fascia and in houses
298. 10:12that will have an enclosed soffit the
299. 10:14little backstrap piece of framing is
300. 10:16sometimes called the lookout now that's
301. 10:18a traditional roof but many newer homes
302. 10:20and smaller commercial buildings aren't
303. 10:22necessarily built this way anymore
304. 10:24instead they're built with something
305. 10:25called roof trusses a roof truss is an
306. 10:28engineered pre-assembled unit that
307. 10:29creates the shape and structure of a
308. 10:31roof in truss roofs multiple trusses are
309. 10:34installed side by side like rafters and
310. 10:37brace together until the roof sheathing
311. 10:38can go on trusses are really kind of
312. 10:40miraculous they're made of much skinnier
313. 10:43shorter pieces of lumber pinned together
314. 10:45with spiky metal plates all together
315. 10:47they create sort of a web and that web
316. 10:49is very strong in fact it's so strong
317. 10:52that most truss roofs don't even need
318. 10:53load-bearing walls beneath them they act
319. 10:55like a big girder spanning from one
320. 10:57outer wall to another trusses are also
321. 10:59sometimes used for floor systems they're
322. 11:01very strong they speed up construction
323. 11:04and they cut down on the amount of large
324. 11:06dimensional lumber that we used to need
325. 11:07to build houses so you've got
326. 11:09traditional roofs with rafters or you've
327. 11:11got trusses kind of two different worlds
328. 11:14but after all this framing is in place
329. 11:16our structure is essentially created and
330. 11:18yet it's still not stable both the walls
331. 11:21and the roof will still need to get
332. 11:22sheeted or sheathed sheathing is a layer
333. 11:25of plywood or strand board that covers
334. 11:27the entire framing system from the
335. 11:29outside like a skin it's the layer
336. 11:31beneath the house wrap and the siding
337. 11:33sheathing is very important and it often
338. 11:35does more than just close the house in
339. 11:37it also prevents the house from falling
340. 11:39over but that's a topic for another time
341. 11:41because it's complicated and it deserves
342. 11:43at least one video of its own this video
343. 11:45is about framing and you've just heard
344. 11:47about many if not all of the important
345. 11:49framing members in a house so what did
346. 11:51you think did you learn something new
347. 11:53from all this terminology or are you an
348. 11:55experienced builder with something to
349. 11:56add or even correct let me hear about
350. 11:58down the comments i'm always up for
351. 12:00getting outside advice if you get a
352. 12:02chance check us out at the
353. 12:03honestcarpenter.com where we consult
354. 12:05with homeowners and property investors
355. 12:07nationwide about a range of important
356. 12:09issues as always thanks for watching be
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362. 12:20i'm ethan james with the
363. 12:21honestcarpenter.com i'll see you next
364. 12:23time
365. 12:24[Music]