[AI4V] FR - 311 BIS — Transcript

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1. 0:10Before speaking about ‘artificial’, I want to devote
2. 0:13this first part to the notion of intelligence.
3. 0:16So, the legend goes that we
4. 0:19Homo Sapiens Sapiens, proud and arrogant creatures
5. 0:23who have dominated the animal and plant kingdoms for more than 300,000 years,
6. 0:28as creative beings, we are at the pinnacle of this vague concept
7. 0:32we call intelligence.  But have you ever asked yourself
8. 0:37what it actually means ‘to be intelligent’?
9. 0:41Some people would say that ‘it’s the art of not being stupid’,
10. 0:44but even though we walk on 2 legs, have lost our fur
11. 0:48and hide behind a refined natural language,
12. 0:52I can assure you that behind these trappings, intelligent or not,
13. 0:55we are all, myself included, quite ‘stupid’.
14. 1:00Yes, we are indeed ‘stupid’!
15. 1:03When we delve into this concept,
16. 1:05we discover that intelligence has nothing to do with the notion of being
17. 1:09stupid or not, but rather the notion of autonomy
18. 1:13Intelligence gives a person the ability to develop
19. 1:17autonomously in a relatively complex environment.
20. 1:21In other words, it is the capacity of an entity to be self-sufficient.
21. 1:25Intelligence is therefore correlated with the environment.
22. 1:30If the environment is stable and predictable,
23. 1:33the required level of intelligence for autonomy will be low.
24. 1:37On the other hand, if the environment is complex, unstable
25. 1:40and unpredictable, the required level of intelligence for autonomy
26. 1:44will be complex.
27. 1:46For example, take a bacterium.
28. 1:49In its small, stable universe, it needs only
29. 1:52basic strategies to survive,
30. 1:55such as swimming towards a food source or avoiding danger.
31. 1:59But place it in an environment that is more hostile
32. 2:02and unpredictable, and you will see the emergence of adaptive behaviour:
33. 2:06biofilm formation, resistance to antibiotics, etc.
34. 2:10Quite impressive for a single cell!
35. 2:12This comparison reminds us that intelligence, whatever its form,
36. 2:15is above all a matter of survival and adaptation to an environment.
37. 2:20So yes, in a sense we are as ‘intelligent’ as bacteria...
38. 2:25but it must be said that we evolve in more complex environments
39. 2:29with a more highly developed physiology.
40. 2:33Which leads us to ask the question...
41. 2:35What really makes us different from bacteria?