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Advantages & Disadvantages of DBMS — Transcript

by Neso Academy · 2,156 words · 446 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:06hello everyone and welcome back
0:08in this video we're going to discuss in
0:10detail the different
0:11advantages and disadvantages of dbms
0:15the different advantages of dbms
0:17approach
0:18are controlling redundancy restricting
0:22unauthorized access providing
0:25persistent storage for program objects
0:28providing storage structures for
0:30efficient query processing
0:33providing backup and recovery providing
0:36multiple
0:37user interfaces representing
0:40complex relationships among data
0:43enforcing integrity constraints
0:46and permitting inferencing and actions
0:49using rules so these are the advantages
0:52of tbms approach which we will look in
0:54detail
0:56the first one is controlling redundancy
1:00in the traditional file system each user
1:03group
1:03maintains their own files let us
1:06consider the same example as we took
1:08earlier in our videos
1:09if we consider a university database we
1:12can have two user groups
1:14the first one is the accounts department
1:16that keeps track of the fee details
1:19and another user group the exam
1:21department that keeps track of the
1:23grades received by the student
1:25in each course so in the traditional
1:27approach
1:28much of the data will be repeated like
1:31in this example
1:32details about the student are repeated
1:34twice
1:35this duplication of data or otherwise
1:38called as redundancy leads to problems
1:40like
1:41wastage of storage space and data
1:43inconsistency
1:44now data inconsistency occurs when
1:47update is applied to some files and not
1:49to others
1:50like for example if one user group say
1:52the accounts department updates the
1:54student name
1:55and the same student name is not updated
1:58in the other user group that is the exam
2:00department then that causes
2:02inconsistency
2:03whereas in the database approach views
2:06of different
2:07users are integrated or they are linked
2:10together while designing a database and
2:13in this approach
2:14all the data will be stored in only one
2:16place of the database
2:18and any number of users can access this
2:21repository at the same time so
2:24duplication of data or data redundancy
2:26is controlled in the dbms approach
2:28also it ensures data consistency and
2:31saves
2:32storage space so this is about the first
2:34advantage of dbms approach
2:36controlling redundancy the next
2:39advantage of using dbms
2:41is restricting unauthorized access
2:45dbms allows multiple users or many users
2:49to share a large database so all these
2:52users will not have the same type of
2:54access permission to the database
2:57for example any confidential data of a
2:59company like the finance
3:01will be accessible by only a few
3:03authorized users
3:05some users will be allowed only to
3:07retrieve data whereas some
3:08users will be allowed to both retrieve
3:11as well as update the data in the
3:12database
3:13so these type of access permission or
3:16access operation
3:17is controlled by the dbms there is a
3:20unit or there is a module in dbms
3:23called as a security and authorization
3:25subsystem
3:26is used by the database administrator
3:30or the dba to create accounts and
3:33also specify any restrictions on that
3:36account for example parametric users
3:39are allowed to access the database only
3:42through the canned transactions
3:44or through the standard type of queries
3:47we have already seen in our previous
3:48video database users
3:50what can transactions are and also we
3:53have seen about the different types of
3:54users so this is about restricting
3:57unauthorized access to the database
4:01the next advantage of dbms approach is
4:04providing persistent storage for program
4:06objects just as we have object oriented
4:09programming concept
4:11based on that same concept we have
4:13object oriented database systems
4:16since database allows or since it
4:18provides
4:19the storage of program objects for a
4:22long period of time
4:23we have this concept of object oriented
4:26database systems
4:27now let's compare the traditional file
4:29systems to the dbms approach
4:31in the traditional approach the values
4:34of program variables will be discarded
4:36or it will be deleted or
4:38erased once the program terminates
4:41whereas in the dbms approach the values
4:44of the program variables will not be
4:46discarded when the program
4:48terminates they allow the program
4:50objects to store
4:52permanently and such an object is said
4:54to be persistent
4:56in the traditional approach since the
4:58objects will be erased or deleted when
5:00the program terminates we can store the
5:03objects
5:03explicitly and separate files which are
5:06permanent
5:06and this involves conversion to a format
5:09that is suitable for
5:11file storage whereas in the dbms
5:13approach
5:14it recognizes the programming languages
5:16and automatically converts
5:18any objects in c plus or java can be
5:21stored permanently in an object oriented
5:23dbms
5:24such objects are said to be persistent
5:27since it is not erased or deleted
5:29when the program terminates so this is
5:32the third advantage of dbms approach and
5:34persistent storage of program objects is
5:36an important function in database
5:38systems
5:40the next advantage is providing storage
5:43structures for
5:44efficient query processing database
5:47systems
5:48must provide capabilities or it must be
5:51capable
5:52to efficiently execute the queries and
5:55updates since the database is stored on
5:59disk
5:59dbms has to provide special data
6:02structures
6:03to speed up the disk search and for this
6:06disk search we use indexes now to
6:10process a particular query
6:12the database records will be copied from
6:14the disk
6:15to the main memory there is something
6:17called as database buffer which allows
6:20temporary storage of data in the main
6:22memory
6:23now a module in dbm is called as the
6:25query processing
6:27and optimization module is responsible
6:30for
6:30efficient query execution or in other
6:33words it is responsible for choosing
6:35how to process and execute the queries
6:38efficiently
6:39that's about the storage structures that
6:41are provided by dbms for
6:43efficient query processing the next
6:47advantage
6:48is providing backup and recovery now a
6:51module in dbms called the backup and
6:53recovery subsystem
6:54is responsible for recovery from any
6:58kind of hardware or software
7:00failures like for example if the
7:03computer system crashes during a complex
7:05transaction
7:06then the recovery subsystem of dbms is
7:09responsible
7:10for ensuring or making sure that the
7:12transaction
7:13resumes from where it is interrupted or
7:16at least
7:17restore the database to the state it was
7:20before the transaction started
7:22executing so there is another advantage
7:24of dbms
7:25providing backup and recovery the next
7:28advantage of dbms is providing multiple
7:30user interfaces
7:32we have already seen the different types
7:35of database users in our previous
7:37video and all these users have different
7:40levels of technical knowledge
7:42so based on that dbms provides a variety
7:45of
7:45user interfaces like for example
7:48query languages are for the casual users
7:51and the programming language
7:53interfaces are for the application
7:55programmers
7:56the form based user interface are for
7:59the parametric
8:00users and the menu driven interfaces are
8:03for the standalone users
8:04we have already seen all these different
8:06types of users in our previous
8:08video so for each user based on their
8:11technical knowledge
8:12dbms provides user interfaces
8:16the form style interfaces are the form
8:18based interfaces and the menu driven
8:20interfaces together they are called as a
8:22graphical user interface or
8:24gui so this is about multiple user
8:28interfaces
8:28provided by dbms for each user based on
8:32their technical knowledge
8:33the next advantage of dbms is
8:35representing complex relationships among
8:38data a database can have variety of data
8:42stored in different tables
8:44and these data can be interrelated in
8:47many ways
8:48and dbms must be capable of
8:51representing any kind of relationships
8:53among these
8:54data also it must be capable of
8:57retrieving
8:57any kind of related data and updating
9:00them
9:01easily and efficiently so this is about
9:04representing complex relationships among
9:07data
9:08the next advantage is enforcing
9:10integrity constraints
9:12in a database we can have different
9:14types of integrity constraints on the
9:16data
9:17dbms should be capable to define these
9:19constraints and also
9:20enforce them now the simplest type of
9:23integrity constraint
9:24is specifying the data type for each
9:27data item whether it is integer or
9:30string of characters
9:31etc so specifying a data type is one of
9:34the most simplest type of integrity
9:36constraint
9:37another type of constraint is the
9:39uniqueness of the data item values
9:42like for example the roll numbers of
9:43students has to be unique and cannot be
9:45repeated
9:46so that is another type of constraint
9:49and it is the responsibility of a
9:51database designer to identify what type
9:54of integrity constraints
9:56are required on the data during the
9:58database design
9:59so this is another advantage of dbms
10:02enforcing
10:02integrity constraints on the data the
10:05next advantage of dbms
10:07is permitting inferencing and actions
10:09using rules
10:11database systems must provide
10:14capabilities or it must be capable
10:16for defining deduction rules for
10:19inferencing
10:19new information so database systems
10:23define
10:23rules and based on those rules it
10:25inferences new information
10:27or new information is being concluded
10:30and such database systems are called as
10:32deductive database systems
10:34like for example we can have rules in a
10:37mini world application for determining
10:39if the student can write his exam or not
10:41i can keep a rule say only if the
10:43attendance of a student is about 70
10:45percent
10:46then only he can write his exam so these
10:48are rules that can be applied and based
10:50on those rules
10:51some action will be taken active
10:54database system
10:55is a database that consists of a set of
10:58triggers
10:59so based on a condition an action
11:01follows
11:02an active database system provides
11:05active rules
11:06that automatically initiates actions
11:09when certain
11:09evens and conditions occur so that is
11:12about permitting
11:13inferencing new information and
11:16initiating of
11:17actions using rules
11:20next let us look into the additional
11:22implications
11:23of using database approach the first
11:26implication is potential for
11:28enforcing standards the database
11:30approach
11:31allows the database administrator to
11:34define certain standards and also to
11:37enforce them
11:38among the database users so since a
11:41certain standard is set
11:43it facilitates communication and
11:45cooperation within
11:46a large organization standards can be
11:49set
11:49for naming data elements or for data
11:52element format
11:53etc next implication is the reduced
11:56application development time
11:58an important feature of database
12:00approach is
12:01it takes very little time to develop a
12:04new application
12:05like retrieving data from the database
12:08for printing a report
12:09takes very little time designing a
12:11database and then
12:12implementing it might take time but once
12:15the database is
12:16running less time is required to create
12:18any kind of applications based on that
12:20database
12:21next we have flexibility there might
12:24come a necessity to change the structure
12:26of the database as the requirements of
12:28the users changes
12:29and modern day dbms allow certain type
12:32of changes
12:33to the structure of the database without
12:36affecting the stored data
12:38and also without affecting the existing
12:40application programs
12:42so that is about the flexibility of the
12:44database management system
12:46the next implication is availability of
12:48up-to-date
12:49information as we know dbms allows
12:52multiple users to share a database
12:56when one user updates the data in the
12:58database
12:59all other users can immediately see this
13:02update
13:03and this availability of up-to-date
13:05information
13:06is necessary or it is essential for many
13:08transaction processing
13:10applications and this availability of
13:12up-to-date information
13:14is made possible by concurrency control
13:16and
13:17recovery subsystems of dbms we have
13:20already seen that the recovery
13:21subsystems
13:22is responsible for recovering from any
13:24kind of hardware or software failures
13:27and in our previous video also we have
13:29seen what is concurrency control
13:31concurrency control manages simultaneous
13:34access to the database
13:36that is it prevents two users from
13:38editing the same
13:39data of the same record at the same time
13:42so that is about
13:43availability of up-to-date information
13:45the next
13:46implication is economies of scale
13:49dbms allows consolidating or combining
13:52data and applications
13:54so that we can prevent wasteful overlap
13:57of resources
13:58or wasteful overlap of activities in
14:01different departments of the same
14:03organization so this allows a large
14:06organization
14:07to invest in more powerful equipments
14:09rather than
14:10each department having their own
14:12equipment thus
14:13preventing wasteful overlap so that
14:16reduces the overall
14:17cost of operation and management so
14:20these are the different
14:21implications of using database approach
14:24in addition to the advantages
14:26next let us see the disadvantages of
14:28dbms or when
14:30not to use dbms though dbms has its
14:33advantages
14:34it also has its disadvantages database
14:38systems might have certain overhead
14:40costs
14:41and these overhead costs of using dbms
14:44are due to certain reasons the first is
14:47the high investment that we have to do
14:49initially
14:50in hardware software and also in
14:52training
14:53next there is always an overhead cost
14:56for providing
14:57security concurrency control recovery
15:00etc more problems can arise if the
15:02database designer
15:04and the database administrator do not
15:06design the database
15:07properly so rather than using dbms we
15:10can use the regular file system
15:12when the database and the applications
15:14are very simple
15:16and well defined and there are no
15:18changes expected
15:20also when multiple user access is not
15:22required we can use the regular files
15:24rather than dbms
15:26so this is about the disadvantages of
15:28dbms
15:29with this we come to the end of this
15:31video hope you have understood the
15:33different advantages and disadvantages
15:35of using dbms approach
15:37thank you
15:41[Music]

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