YouTube transcript (EUOCRd0jkC0) — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00Good morning, good afternoon, good
2. 0:02evening from wherever you're watching. I
3. 0:04remain your tutor
4. 0:06Medon Raymond Finedaka. I hope you
5. 0:10learned something from the first
6. 0:13introduction video, and I hope you have
7. 0:14a good background on where we are
8. 0:17heading to. So, in this video, we're
9. 0:19going to be talking about the basics of
10. 0:22solar energy. So, that's solar energy
11. 0:24basics.
12. 0:25And these basics are simple things you
13. 0:27need to understand when it comes to
14. 0:30installation of solar energy in whatever
15. 0:33location you find yourself. So, in these
16. 0:37basics, we're going to be discussing on
17. 0:39irradiance. We're going to be discussing
18. 0:42on panel efficiency, and we're still
19. 0:45going to be talking about PV cells and
20. 0:47how they work, okay? So, first off, let
21. 0:50us start by irradiance. Irradiance is
22. 0:53the measure of the degree of sunlight
23. 0:56that an area has.
24. 0:58Okay? So, the measure of the degree of
25. 1:01sunlight that an area has, that's
26. 1:02irradiance. So, if you find out that
27. 1:05where you're going to install a system
28. 1:07has low sunlight, you should try and
29. 1:10understand that in this case, you don't
30. 1:13have to install minimum amount of solar
31. 1:16panels for that customer. Else, the
32. 1:18customer is going to suffer from
33. 1:20charging loss.
34. 1:22So, if you go to an area where they have
35. 1:25sufficient sunlight, where you know the
36. 1:26degree of sunlight there is hot, you can
37. 1:30install minimum amount of solar panels
38. 1:32for the customer, and it can still
39. 1:34charge the system due to high degree of
40. 1:37sunlight in that area. You know,
41. 1:39sunlight varies in different areas where
42. 1:43you find yourself. So, first of all,
43. 1:45before you start your installation, you
44. 1:47have to find out the degree of sunlight
45. 1:50in that area, how sunlight
46. 1:53is in the area. You have to know how hot
47. 1:55it is.
48. 1:58So that you know what you are working
49. 2:00with to avoid charging loss because
50. 2:03every solar system needs steady source
51. 2:06of charge to avoid
52. 2:08discharge of battery and to affect
53. 2:10battery health, okay? So that is it for
54. 2:13solar irradiance. That's the measure of
55. 2:16the kilowatt of sunlight that an area
56. 2:19has. For example, my area in Port
57. 2:21Harcourt, we normally have sunlight from
58. 2:247:00 a.m. in the morning up to 3:00 to
59. 2:27even 4:00 p.m. in the evening. So you
60. 2:30see we have up to 5.44
61. 2:32kW
62. 2:33per day per meter squared. So you are
63. 2:35sure of even if you install a minimum
64. 2:37amount of solar panels in that area, you
65. 2:39are sure sufficient battery charge. All
66. 2:43right, so that's it for solar
67. 2:45irradiance. I believe you understand
68. 2:47what I said about that. So we'll move
69. 2:49over to panel efficiency. Now, every
70. 2:52solar panel that you know, which is the
71. 2:54polycrystalline panel,
72. 2:56the monocrystalline panel, and thin film
73. 2:59panels has their different efficiency.
74. 3:03This efficiency is the rate at which
75. 3:06this panel can charge your battery. That
76. 3:09is solar panel efficiency. It is the
77. 3:12measure of percentage of which your
78. 3:14solar panel can charge your battery. I
79. 3:18will start with polycrystalline solar
80. 3:20panels. Polycrystalline solar panels
81. 3:23only they only do well when there is
82. 3:26high rate of sunlight or high amount of
83. 3:29sunlight. It has efficiency of 15% to
84. 3:3317%.
85. 3:35So that means it doesn't do well in bad
86. 3:38weather condition. It doesn't also do
87. 3:40well in humid weather condition. It does
88. 3:43well when the atmosphere is very hot and
89. 3:47sunny.
90. 3:48So that's it for polycrystalline panels.
91. 3:50It has panel efficiency of 15% to 17%
92. 3:53So, when you're making choice of using
93. 3:55polycrystalline panels for your
94. 3:57installation, you should know that if
95. 4:00you're using you have to use much of it.
96. 4:02Depending on the area, that's why
97. 4:04irradiance is very important. Depending
98. 4:06on the area where you find yourself for
99. 4:08the installation, you have to be sure if
100. 4:10you're using polycrystalline
101. 4:12uh solar panels for the installation,
102. 4:14you have to be sure that it is enough.
103. 4:17All right, so that's it. So, for
104. 4:18monocrystalline solar panels, it has
105. 4:21efficiency from 17% up to 22%.
106. 4:26So, that means it has higher charging
107. 4:30speed. It has higher charging speed
108. 4:32because monocrystalline panels are made
109. 4:35up of so many silicon cells that traps
110. 4:38even the least heat in the atmosphere.
111. 4:41So, it does the work of not depending so
112. 4:43much on high sunlight, but it traps this
113. 4:46heat and converts it to electrical
114. 4:49charge for the battery. So, that means
115. 4:51even if you install it in a humid area
116. 4:54or an area where they don't have so much
117. 4:56sufficient sunlight, you are sure of
118. 4:58sufficient battery charge.
119. 5:01Monocrystalline panels are the best when
120. 5:02it comes to choosing of solar panels,
121. 5:04but the thing is it is very expensive
122. 5:07based on this high amount of silicon
123. 5:10material that is being made of, which
124. 5:12helps it to charge fast. Talking about
125. 5:14thin film, which is hardly used, but
126. 5:16mostly used in areas where there are
127. 5:19high-rise buildings because thin film,
128. 5:21as you can see, is flexible and
129. 5:23foldable. So, it has efficiency of 22%
130. 5:26to 25%.
131. 5:28So, it normally does well. It normally
132. 5:31is pasted by the side of the building.
133. 5:34That's for thin film because it's
134. 5:35foldable. They can paste it by the side
135. 5:37of the building so that when sunlight
136. 5:39hits the by the side of the building or
137. 5:42by the wall of any environment that they
138. 5:43know that sunlight comes to, it serves
139. 5:46its purpose. All right? So, that is it
140. 5:49for panel efficiency cost. So, now let's
141. 5:52talk about PV cells. What are PV cells?
142. 5:55PV cells, also known as photovoltaic
143. 5:57cells. These are cells that are found in
144. 6:01solar panels. That's what enables a
145. 6:03solar panel to be a solar panel.
146. 6:07Now, these cells are made up of
147. 6:09high-quality silicon materials
148. 6:12that enables it to trap sunlight
149. 6:15and to convert it into direct current.
150. 6:19Now, on a solar panel, um an example of
151. 6:23a solar panel will be shown to you in
152. 6:26this video. Now, you see on this solar
153. 6:29panel each of these lines that you see
154. 6:32contains PV cells.
155. 6:35Each one cell is made up of 0.5 V.
156. 6:40So, if a PV panel is being wired with 60
157. 6:44to 72 up to 80 pairs of cells, it can
158. 6:49produce 300 to 400 W of power. So, that
159. 6:53means the higher cells that a panel is
160. 6:55being made up of, the higher production
161. 6:59of output.
162. 7:00So, that is why you see polycrystalline
163. 7:02panels are not really made up of high
164. 7:05cells. Let me classify this for you. In
165. 7:08terms of polycrystalline panels
166. 7:11they are cheaper. That's because they
167. 7:14are not made up of high amount of cells.
168. 7:17But, these cells are made in such a way
169. 7:19that it has a blue background and these
170. 7:22cells are being embedded in that blue
171. 7:24background. So, it's only traps heat
172. 7:28when there is high amount of sunlight
173. 7:30heating that blue background. So, that
174. 7:32is when the silicon reacts and they
175. 7:35start their conversion. Whereas in the
176. 7:38case of monocrystalline panels, you
177. 7:40attest that it is very efficient and it
178. 7:42has a dark shade. A picture of a
179. 7:45monocrystalline panel will be shown to
180. 7:47you. Now, you see it is made up of so
181. 7:50many cells.
182. 7:51And that helps it to trap heat very
183. 7:55easily.
184. 7:56So, you see it traps this heat even if
185. 7:59you don't have high amount of sunlight
186. 8:01in that area, but it traps it and
187. 8:03converts it to direct current.
188. 8:06So, that is why monocrystalline solar
189. 8:08panels are the best to go for whenever
190. 8:11you are purchasing solar panels. But,
191. 8:13the thing is
192. 8:14it is quite expensive. That is why
193. 8:17polycrystalline now serves as a second
194. 8:20option because of its bluer background
195. 8:23and less silicon cells, it is cheaper.
196. 8:26So, people tend to go for
197. 8:28polycrystalline panels because it is
198. 8:30cheaper, not because it is that
199. 8:33efficient, but because it is cheaper and
200. 8:35also can do the work. Whereas for thin
201. 8:38film, thin film are foldable so they are
202. 8:41less efficient because, you know, for a
203. 8:44solar panel to work, it needs direct
204. 8:47sunlight to hit on it.
205. 8:50So, now thin film are foldable. So, they
206. 8:53are either pasted by the side of the
207. 8:55wall or maybe wrapped around something
208. 8:57for it to just catch solar. It might not
209. 8:59catch 100% sunlight, but thin film are
210. 9:03made up of so many amount of cells. They
211. 9:07are made up of up to 100 cells if I'm
212. 9:10not mistaken.
213. 9:11Thin film solar panels are made up of
214. 9:13these cells so that wherever it is being
215. 9:14installed, it it can
216. 9:16convert it quickly to direct current.
217. 9:19Now, here is what you need to note when
218. 9:21installing solar panels.
219. 9:24In terms of solar installing solar
220. 9:26panels, you need to consider that
221. 9:29your panel choice is very, very
222. 9:32important. And that your panel choice
223. 9:34will The
224. 9:35how fast your system will charge. And
225. 9:39even if you're choosing a solar panel
226. 9:41that is much more cheaper, you need to
227. 9:43understand that you need to increase the
228. 9:47wattage of the total amount to faster
229. 9:50charging rate. So that means if you're
230. 9:52using a solar panel of less efficiency
231. 9:55and you use a minimum of it for the
232. 9:57system, you might not get the desired
233. 10:00charging result. So in the next phase of
234. 10:02this video, we're going to be looking at
235. 10:04site assessment.
236. 10:07On site assessment, we have shading.
237. 10:11We have orientation and we have roof
238. 10:14type. So we're going to be talking about
239. 10:15these three things.
240. 10:17Now, on shading, these are the
241. 10:20obstructions that can happen while solar
242. 10:23panel is receiving sunlight. These
243. 10:25obstructions can come from water tanks,
244. 10:29tall trees, or tall buildings that are
245. 10:32close or taller than the building you
246. 10:34install the solar panels. Now, while
247. 10:37installing your solar panels, you should
248. 10:39try as much as possible to avoid
249. 10:42anything like of this shade type.
250. 10:45Because when a solar panel is being
251. 10:47shaded, uh the efficiency of sunlight it
252. 10:51gets is reduced. So that means the
253. 10:53charging speed is also reduced in this
254. 10:56process. So while installing your solar
255. 10:59panel, you should ensure that there are
256. 11:00no shades around the rooftop where the
257. 11:03solar panel is going to be installed.
258. 11:05You should make sure the rooftop is open
259. 11:07and you should install where sunlight
260. 11:10will get to it the most. Now, talking
261. 11:12about orientation, then I'm just going
262. 11:14to orientate you on
263. 11:16while installing your solar panel, what
264. 11:18to take note of.
265. 11:19You should take note that while
266. 11:21installing your solar panels, your solar
267. 11:23panels must tilt up by 60° by 6° rather.
268. 11:27Now, tilting up helps it to self-clean
269. 11:30whenever it rains. So you know when it
270. 11:33tilts up, it tends to match with the
271. 11:36roof the rooftop. So, when it rains, it
272. 11:39just cleans it. Instead of the water to
273. 11:41reside on it and form algates, it rather
274. 11:43cleanses it and makes the panel cleans
275. 11:45from dust. So, you should also take note
276. 11:48that while installing your solar panels,
277. 11:50avoid the
278. 11:52under of the panels to be on the roof
279. 11:55directly.
280. 11:57It should be lifted with a panel racking
281. 12:00system. An aluminum racking system
282. 12:02should be installed where the solar
283. 12:03panels are mounted on it and bolted
284. 12:06firmly with bolts and nuts. Now, this
285. 12:09allows space to be under your solar
286. 12:11panels to allow ventilation to cool down
287. 12:14the system while charging is in process.
288. 12:17Because while charging is in process,
289. 12:19the panel tends to generate high amount
290. 12:21of heat all round. So, you should take
291. 12:24note of lifting up your solar panels
292. 12:27with panel racking system while
293. 12:29installing. Now, for roof type, you
294. 12:31should also consider the type of roof
295. 12:34where you are installing your solar
296. 12:36panel. We have different type of roof.
297. 12:37Asbestos roofing, we have roof tile
298. 12:40roofing, which is the one which they use
299. 12:42in our modern day house right now. And
300. 12:44we have aluminum roofing.
301. 12:47Now, while roofing on while installing
302. 12:50your solar panels rather on asbestos
303. 12:52roofing, you should be very careful for
304. 12:55not to install too much racking system.
305. 12:58Because asbestos kind of roofing tends
306. 13:02to break easily when there's too much
307. 13:04force
308. 13:05and acted upon it. That is mean while
309. 13:07you're trying to drill to fit in your
310. 13:10racking system, it might tend to break.
311. 13:13So, you try as much as possible not to
312. 13:16install heavy racking system on it.
313. 13:18Rather, you should do a light racking
314. 13:20system where the solar panels are being
315. 13:23bolted on it on one side and it's also
316. 13:25tilted upward. So, that way you still
317. 13:28have the same tilt, the same direction
318. 13:31of sunlight, but
319. 13:33um you don't have that heavy, you know,
320. 13:36mounting on the roof. Whereas for
321. 13:38aluminum and for roof roof tile roofing,
322. 13:41you have that strong firmness. So, you
323. 13:44can bolt in your racking system and your
324. 13:48solar panels can be bolted firmly on it.
325. 13:51Now, while also installing solar panels
326. 13:53in a home, you should take note of the
327. 13:55firmness of the roof. Now, before you
328. 13:58install your solar panel on that roof,
329. 14:00you try and press your weight on the
330. 14:03roof while on the ladder
331. 14:06to check if the roof is firm enough to
332. 14:09hold your weight and also to hold the
333. 14:11weight of the solar panels that you're
334. 14:13going to install on it, depending on the
335. 14:15numbers. So, before installing, you
336. 14:17first of all weigh the roof, trying to
337. 14:19press your weight as if you're trying to
338. 14:21relax your weight on the roof. If the
339. 14:24roof tends to follow you and tries to go
340. 14:26down while pressing it,
341. 14:28that is not advisable to climb.
342. 14:31But, when doing that process and the
343. 14:33roof remains firm and it's just your
344. 14:36hand moving, you know that the roof is
345. 14:37firm enough to carry your weight and
346. 14:39also to carry the weight of the solar
347. 14:41panels
348. 14:42to be installed on it. And you know,
349. 14:44when whenever you are installing panels,
350. 14:45especially when you are installing the
351. 14:47grade A panel, which is the 550 W, 650
352. 14:50W, we call them longi panels because
353. 14:52they are very much long and they are
354. 14:54made up of two in one. So, when
355. 14:56installing these panels, it's more than
356. 14:57one person. So, imagine if the roof is
357. 15:00not strong for two persons to be on it,
358. 15:03there will be a crack.
359. 15:04So, you have to be very very careful
360. 15:06while
361. 15:07installing your solar panel. You make
362. 15:09sure you take note of the roof type.
363. 15:11Talking about Nigeria solar resources
364. 15:14and policies, we are talking about some
365. 15:16laws that have been passed down in the
366. 15:19solar industry or the solar field. This
367. 15:22enables manufacturers and creators to be
368. 15:26able to create a system easily that can
369. 15:30serve the general public. So, in the
370. 15:33face of this video, these policies are
371. 15:35going to be displayed and you can see
372. 15:37them for yourself. You see, that's why
373. 15:39you see that so many There are so many
374. 15:41solar systems out there that has so many
375. 15:45brands and so many names. That's because
376. 15:48they are acting upon this law. And this
377. 15:50law is very important that you know it
378. 15:52so that whenever you even if you are
379. 15:53growing in the field and you want to
380. 15:55venture into creating a system for
381. 15:58yourself that can serve the public, you
382. 16:00be aware of this law, okay? So, this law
383. 16:04is going to be displayed in the next
384. 16:06part of this video and that's it for
385. 16:08Nigeria Solar Resources.