YouTube transcript (9pgmf8VuIoA) — Transcript

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1. 1:33I am happy to fix the noble American land for the first time today and I bring a very cordial greeting
2. 1:44from the Dominican people and government to the American people and government.
3. 1:55I deeply appreciate the reception that has been offered to me today on behalf of the government
4. 2:05and I put in my heart at the service of the ideals of peace of union
5. 2:15and cordiality in the american continent
6. 2:25this is rafael leonidas trujillo molina who ruled the dominican republic from 1930
7. 2:33to 1961 for 1940 had under his ownership a good part of the national economic activity
8. 2:44through Several companies that monopolized the commercialization of basic products by 1960
9. 2:52their investments had risen vertiginously, reaching only in the sugar industry,
10. 2:59the most important in the country, 60 percent of all investment, leaving 30 percent
11. 3:06to companies with North American capital and a 10 percent to sectors of the traditional bourgeoisie
12. 3:13apart from the large investments it had in Other lines of the economy, such as land,
13. 3:20livestock industries and real estate, among others, accumulated a personal fortune close to
14. 3:28800 million dollars, estimated among the six largest in the world in his time,
15. 3:35in the shadow of his dictatorship, the process of industrialization of the In the country, solid
16. 3:41institutions of the Dominican state were created, the foreign debt was eliminated and
17. 3:46the highest levels of political and economic independence that the Dominican Republic knew
18. 3:52during the 20th century were established within the margins allowed by the North American government
19. 4:00in the exercise of power exhibited a complete lack of scruples using fraud and
20. 4:06dishonesty to achieve any purpose and when these failed him he used
21. 4:13violence and murder with equal naturalness he did not allow any type of opposition to his regime
22. 4:22and although it is difficult to determine the number of people who died for reasons politicians
23. 4:28or by simple personal whim of tru jillo or his conservative estimated relatives are
24. 4:34established in more than 30,000 human beings who lost their lives under his dictatorship
25. 4:42his career began during the years of the military intervention
26. 4:48and
27. 5:23on May 15, 1916 the US Marines invaded the Dominican Republic
28. 5:30claiming to defend the The government of Juan Isidro Jiménez, who was
29. 5:36besieged by the Aryan forces of desiderio, later the occupation forces
30. 5:41argued that the country had violated the Dominican-American convention of 1907
31. 5:54after disarming the entire population, the North American troops proceeded to organize the
32. 6:00National Guard to which recruited young men of their trust and former Dominican military
33. 6:07the young Rafael Trujillo entered that body on December 18, 1918 receiving his first
34. 6:14test of fire in the combats and skirmishes that the invading troops sustained against the
35. 6:20nationalist guerrillas in the eastern region of the country popularly known as the gavilleros
36. 6:40no more
37. 6:55On August 15, 1921 Trujillo entered the school for chain officers on the
38. 7:02outskirts of Santo Domingo where he graduated with honors and his rank as an officer was confirmed
39. 7:12under the guidance of North American military instructors. The Trujillo officer learned the
40. 7:18techniques of use and administration of the force in addition to strengthening his natural gift of command
41. 7:27in a report of those years the major thomas watson of the marine corps referring
42. 7:32to trujillo stated is a serene controlled energetic active and industrious man
43. 7:39considered this officer one of the best in service in October of
44. 7:45the following year, Trujillo was promoted to captain of the Dominican National Police
45. 7:49and appointed head of the sixth company based in San Francisco de Macorís
46. 7:59on February 23, 1924, Major César succeeded, commander of the northern department of the army,
47. 8:07tragically died in Santiago. five days later the daily list newspaper under the
48. 8:14direction of the leader or racist arturo pellerano sardá He affirmed several people
49. 8:20have approached us to beg us to tell us something about the successor of
50. 8:25Major Caesar, now in the northern command of the army, pleading for our mediation to
51. 8:31whom it corresponds, the honorable captain Trujillo has been definitively designated for
52. 8:38being this young military man from those with the best record in service and one of the most serious and
53. 8:43honorable members of said institution, in addition to being already known in this society,
54. 8:54on July 12, 1924, the North American troops withdrew from Santodomingo,
55. 9:00leaving behind a country with an economy organized according to
56. 9:05the needs of the North American market with the Dominican customs administered
57. 9:10by American officials and with a national guard organized and trained
58. 9:15by the marine corps they built the three main roads they introduced a new
59. 9:23system of territorial property they significantly increased sugar production
60. 9:29and introduced institutional changes is that they modernized the operational capacity of the country, they
61. 9:36also increased the state's debt with the United States to finance the public works program
62. 9:42that they executed, preventing the Dominican state from negotiating new international loans without
63. 9:48prior authorization from the North American government. These and other restrictions that already existed
64. 9:55in the convention of 1907 they were imposed on the country a new time by means of the
65. 10:01Dominican-American convention of 1924 under which the national territory was vacated on
66. 10:25the same day of the unemployment, General Horacio Vázquez took possession of the Presidency of the Republic.
67. 10:31won the elections held on March 15 of that year with an
68. 10:37overwhelming majority of votes over his opponent, attorney Francisco Jota Combed, upon taking
69. 10:44office, President Vázquez Trujillo sat the transitory rank of Major and Commander of
70. 10:50the North Department with a seat in Santiago. 3 in the military ranks below
71. 10:57chief of the army Colonel Buenaventura commander Cabral and Lieutenant Colonel Jesus Garcia despite
72. 11:04being the number 3 on December 6, 1924 the vázquez president promoted him to lieutenant
73. 11:11colonel and appointed him chief of staff of the army based in the Fort Ozama
74. 11:18good horse the beautiful woman creation of track in the power of the horse
75. 11:43when we went to the bank we closed the doors and paid it to what I go there
76. 11:56so that they attack by force a distant vice
77. 12:04you do not remember when we went to the field closed the door To send him
78. 12:17was the force Marquis
79. 12:28Horacio Vázquez and his national party had won the elections allied to the
80. 12:33progressive party of Federico Velázquez, who held the vice-presidency of the Republic for a period
81. 12:39of four years, two hours. Cistas who during the electoral campaign had used the slogan
82. 12:45of the no reelection and had sworn to be only four years in the government presented a series
83. 12:51of legal technicalities to extend for two more years the period of government of Horacio Bases
84. 12:59this maneuver of the hours istas provoked a wave of protests in diverse sectors of the
85. 13:04population including the vice president of the republic Federico Velázquez who resigned,
86. 13:10leaving the alliance between the national and progressive parties definitively broken
87. 13:30by 1929 the administrative corruption It reached scandalous levels due to the existing financial disorder
88. 13:37and at the request of the North American diplomat, somewhere
89. 13:43a commission of financial experts was visited , chaired by former North American Vice President Charles Davis
90. 13:49with the intention of organizing the nation's finances, said commission verified acts of corruption
91. 13:55in several dependencies. of the state including the army whose headquarters was trujillo and
92. 14:02where there was a deficit of more than four hundred thousand pesos a year while in silence the head of the
93. 14:08army controlled military forces and economic power, the racists engaged in an
94. 14:15intergroup struggle to occupy the position that President Vázquez would leave like this Dr. José Dolores
95. 14:23Alfonseca has ascended to the Vice Presidency of the Republic He represented a group of
96. 14:28close collaborators to President Vázquez and rivaled the group led by Minister Martín de
97. 14:34Moya nephew Trina in the middle of this group struggle Trujillo He declared himself to be impartial and faithful
98. 14:43to the orders of President Vázquez, but the contradictions between him and Dr. Alfonseca were known
99. 14:50, which stimulated Martin de Moya and his group accor de Carlos in search of his support
100. 14:58in view of the fact that Dr. Alfonseca had the control of the party and was emerging as a sure
101. 15:03presidential candidate Horacio to strengthen his aspirations to continue and weaken alfonseca secretly
102. 15:10encouraged the group of martín de moya and stimulated the power of trujillo to appear
103. 15:17as the necessary mediator did not delay the rise of groups within the body promoting
104. 15:24his re-election for a new presidential term 1930 1934 for that s days the ambitions of power
105. 15:35and the conspiratorial activities of trujillo were known to everyone in the newspaper the information
106. 15:42of santiago the poet ramón emilio jiménez affirmed something that perhaps is going unnoticed both
107. 15:51for the followers of martín de moya and for those of alfonseca is The appearance of a new
108. 15:57candidate on the political scene, Don Horacio himself, perhaps he does not know, is veiled Candidate
109. 16:05who sees work observes hiding his attitude and caressing his hidden dream is nothing less than
110. 16:13Brigadier Trujillo, head of the national army, if it is Trujillo than daily It increases its flows
111. 16:21because it is in that in the matter in business naturally not shadowing Don Horacio
112. 16:27that never on the contrary looking for its shadow so that they do not see it, it is also highly
113. 16:34sympathetic to the US government and as in this country the constitution is almost always a myth
114. 16:40nothing strange would have that compassion for everything trujillo will rise to the first magistracy of the
115. 16:48state in the same newspaper but on another date the columnist Rafael Se Tolentino said Trujillo
116. 16:57only needs three things to get strength and he has money and he has the opportunity and is waiting for him
117. 17:08on the other hand in the newspaper el mundo appeared an article written by a young man of barely 20 years of
118. 17:14name Juan Bosch who affirmed it is undeniable that in the presidential mansion a tyranny is brewing
119. 17:22that threatens the Dominican people and this land that so many males have made it impossible
120. 17:30to form a hydra with tragic heads we have two ways to follow crossing our arms and see
121. 17:38the tragedy of a tyranny pass by or cross the road in a great demonstration
122. 17:44of civility to wait for us to undo the legs of the monster that threatens despite his promise
123. 17:51not to be reelected and despite his deteriorating health, Horacio Vázquez agreed to present himself again as
124. 17:58Presidential candidate six days later left by airplane to the city of Baltimore in
125. 18:05the United States where he would undergo an intervention n surgical procedure to remove his left kidney
126. 18:21upon assuming the functions of president of the republic vice president alfonseca
127. 18:26stimulated by the leader now attends santiagués virgilio martínez
128. 18:31reyna organized a plan to remove trujillo from the army headquarters he
129. 18:37sent for trujillo to present himself In his office in the presidential
130. 18:41mansion, he did not arrive at the appointed time and when they were not expecting him,
131. 18:47he appeared before President Alfonseca accompanied by 20 army officers 2
132. 18:59before the show of force in Trujillo and the mediation of the North American Minister
133. 19:04doctor alfonseca hesitated and chose to leave the final decision on
134. 19:09the army chief until don horacio vázquez returned
135. 19:34with him order the most recognized
136. 19:52on january 4, 1930 return from baltimore president vasquez recently operated on bill
137. 19:59and convalescents resumed his functions in the presidential mansion immediately his
138. 20:05closest associates informed him of the pla Trujillo's conspiracies
139. 20:09suggesting his swift removal from office, but Horacio Vázquez did not take
140. 20:15these suggestions into account and gave credence to the pledges of loyalty that Trujillo made him.
141. 20:29In 1930, the Dominican Republic was submerged in a deep economic crisis as a
142. 20:37consequence of the The precipitous fall in the prices of Dominican products in the
143. 20:42North American market of 28.8 million in 1928 reached a minimum of 9.5 million dollars
144. 20:51at the worst moment of the crisis, this caused a wave of discontent and an acute political crisis
145. 20:58that engulfed the The main institutions of the Dominican state with the exception of the army,
146. 21:04where the iron discipline and the levels of professionalism achieved made it possible
147. 21:10for the state institution to become a lamason.In view of this situation, the politicians of
148. 21:18the time courted Trujillo trying to get the support of the army. for his
149. 21:23particular political projects one of them was the licentiate ra Fael Estrella Ureña who
150. 21:31had been Minister in Rome 'of the government of President Vázquez during the years of the
151. 21:35rise of Italian fascism upon his return to the country with a group of professionals from Santiago founded
152. 21:42the Republican Party and began to conspire clandestinely with the head of the army
153. 21:49before The repeated refusals of the North American Legation to support his plans to take
154. 21:54power Trujillo sent three of his closest collaborators, Colonel Vázquez, to Rivera Rafael Vidal
155. 22:00Torres and Mr. Roberto Despradel to consult with the American Colonel
156. 22:06Richard Kutz, who had been chief of Trujillo during the military intervention and who was
157. 22:12in Haitian Port-au-Prince commanding the North American troops that occupied that country
158. 22:24in January 1930 the North American Minister in Santo Domingo Evans Young, who had great
159. 22:31influence on Trujillo and who had been promised to respect the constitutional order was
160. 22:37relieved of his position and took over his place was charles vitartis, sunday, february 23, 1930,
161. 22:57and the lawyer, rafael, star, ureña, who enjoyed broad popular support in the cibao,
162. 23:02seized the sandwich fortress of santiago at the head of a group of armed
163. 23:07civilians and backed by deciding areas and brache wounds among Others, the rebels do not
164. 23:13find resistance and immediately organize the march on the capital
165. 23:21the next day in Santo Domingo, in response to the complaint that the army chief was supporting the
166. 23:26rebels and, given their imminent entry into the city, President Vázquez, his wife, Mrs.
167. 23:32trina de moya and part of his cabinet request asylum in the north american diplomatic legation the american
168. 23:40minister charles karting tells the president that it is not necessary to take asylum since
169. 23:46general trujillo assured him that he remained loyal to the government moments later everyone left
170. 23:52for the ozama fortress including minister charles kartings already in fortress ozama
171. 23:58president vázquez heading to trujil You ask him the general question, I want to know if I am your
172. 24:04president or your prisoner. Truquillo replied, Mr. President, you are my president. Order
173. 24:13immediately, President Vázquez ordered the departure of Colonel Count Alfonseca, a military man
174. 24:19of his absolute confidence with 20 men to confront the rebels who They were approaching on the
175. 24:24Duarte highway to withdraw the president of the Truquillo fortress instructed Colonel
176. 24:30Simon Díaz to meet with Colonel Alto Seca and relieve him in
177. 24:35command of the troops and allow the advance of the rebels on the city
178. 24:40on Tuesday 25 In February, the city of Santo Domingo was taken by the rebels with symbolic
179. 24:46shots in the air while the army remained quartered under the orders of Trujillo,
180. 25:07finally, with the mediation of the North American legation, an agreement was reached between
181. 25:12the rebel leaders and General Horacio Vásquez Among the agreed points were,
182. 25:19first, the immediate resignation of President Vázquez and the The appointment of Rafael
183. 25:24Estrella Urena as Minister of the Interior so that, in accordance with the current constitution, he will
184. 25:30become president of the Republic. Second, the appointment of a cabinet with representatives
185. 25:37of all the parties. Third, to guarantee and respect the results of the next
186. 25:44general elections on the 16th. May 1930 and fourth remove all kinds of restrictions
187. 25:51on candidates except Alfonseca doctor and the general trujillo which
188. 25:56may not stand as candidates for the various presidential days after the
189. 26:03agreement the lawyer Rafael Estrella Ureña surely as president of the republic
190. 26:10in At first he named his cabinet made up of hours cistas de los cistas and friends of his, but
191. 26:16in the face of the repressive wave unleashed by the army, most of them had to resign to make
192. 26:21way for the followers of Trujillo. It was a strictly confidential report to the State Department
193. 26:28dated on March 7, 1930 American Minister Charles B eeker teese when referring
194. 26:35to trujillo says among the prominent men of the republic it is doubted that no one without
195. 26:41even excluding doctor alfonseca is so hated by a great number of people as trujillo the events of
196. 26:49the revolution reveal that trujillo is a cunning and treacherous ingenious man dangerous for
197. 26:56both his enemies and his friends disloyal to his word and his duty seeking to further
198. 27:03his own interests by good or bad means is determined to be the hand that guides the new
199. 27:09kingdom seems to aspire to be a new life and God protect the country if manages to consolidate in power
200. 27:24while rumors increased that Trujillo was going to be proclaimed
201. 27:28presidential candidate the army was leading a wave of terror throughout the country
202. 27:39and after
203. 27:46the month of March six small parties united under the name of confederation of
204. 27:52parties and proclaimed the candidacies of rafael leónidas trujillo for the presidency
205. 27:57of the republic and that of rafael estrella ureña for vice president The organized racists
206. 28:04in the national party and the Velasquistas in the progressive united and revived
207. 28:09the progressive national alliance to support this time the candidacies of Mr. Federico
208. 28:16Velázquez for the presidency of the Republic and Mr. Ángel Morales for the vice-presidency
209. 28:24in 1930. Most of the income of the Dominican state came from customs
210. 28:29and the sugar industry. Customs were controlled by the North American government and the
211. 28:36industry was mostly owned by North American companies. Governments not
212. 28:43recognized by the United States could not dispose of the resources generated. For these activities,
213. 28:50hence the North American diplomatic legation in Santo Domingo will play a decisive role
214. 28:55in the political events of the Truquillo era, just as other politicians who
215. 29:02opposed it made an effort from the first moment to obtain the approval of the North Americans
216. 29:08for their presidential aspirations. the 27th of March In 1930, Trujillo, accompanied by Rafael
217. 29:16Brache and Roberto Despradel, moved to the town of Commander the border with Haiti
218. 29:21where, with the sponsorship of the US State Department, he held an interview
219. 29:27with Colonel Richard Coach of the US Marine Corps 30 days later, he affirmed
220. 29:37in danger in following me at no time the investiture with which the results of the May elections
221. 29:44can favor me will serve to finalize the popular will
222. 29:49which it serves at this time and which it will really serve in the future,
223. 30:11well
224. 30:29no and
225. 31:00the opposition candidates withdraw from the electoral process and start a judicial process
226. 31:06in the court of appeal of Santo Domingo to request the annulment of the elections
227. 31:12on May 16, 1930, the general elections are held with the participation
228. 31:19of a single candidate, General Leonidas Trujillo Molina, according to estimates, only
229. 31:27one 25% of the electorate went to the polls and yet Trujillo was proclaimed the winner
230. 31:33with 223,851 votes an amount that according to it was stated exceeded the number of registered voters
231. 32:06the horrendous assassination of the leader now if sta virgilio martínez reina and his
232. 32:11pregnant wife showed how far trujillo and his followers were capable of going in
233. 32:17their struggle to concentrate all power in his hands in June 1930 the opposition organized
234. 32:26an armed uprising throughout the country to try to oust Trujillo from power in
235. 32:31Moca General Cipriano Bencosme rebels in arms and goes to the mountains in Santiago but a star
236. 32:40rises in the mountains from the area, Truquillo vigorously confronts the uprisings, orders the arrest
237. 32:49of the opposition leaders and moves to Moca to direct operations against the rebels,
238. 32:58who to do good it is necessary to be strong and the good must be imposed
239. 33:09after five months stop the persecution of the General Cipriano
240. 33:13Bencosme is killed by the army troops
241. 33:19two months before the inauguration of Trujillo the options of the o position
242. 33:24were clearly defined or submit to their will or
243. 33:28go into exile the latter for those who were still alive
244. 33:49in those days exiled to Puerto Rico martín de moya horacio vásquez angel morales
245. 33:56federico velázquez alfredo ricard much to bar espina angel maria soler josé dolores alfonseca
246. 34:04luís efe mejía and months later he was followed by leovigildo neck and doctor ramón de lara, among
247. 34:11others, trujillo began the practice of humiliating and bending to his will relevant figures of the
248. 34:19dominican oligarchy since before he was sworn in as constitutional president the lawyer
249. 34:25manuel de Jesús troncoso de la concha, one of the most important members of the oligarchy,
250. 34:29was arrested on July 22, 1930 and walked handcuffed with the count in the capital
251. 34:37city without being charged with actions like this, the majority now
252. 34:44attend and their Most outstanding figures ended up quickly folding under trujillo's orders
253. 35:23on August 16 In 1930, in the middle of a grandiose and monumental ceremony where alms were distributed
254. 35:30to the poor and champagne was offered without limit to the army officers and to the
255. 35:35special guests, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina took office as Constitutional President of
256. 35:42the Dominican Republic upon assuming the The trujillo presidency was 37 years old and possessed a
257. 35:50marked social resentment that would accompany him until the end of his life and that would be present
258. 35:55in most of his works and actions to understand the strength of this feeling
259. 36:01that was nested in the depths of His being must be traced back to his origins in the town of San
260. 36:07Cristóbal Born on October 24, 1891 in a provincial home of the lower middle class, he was
261. 36:16number 3 of a family of 11 pro brothers created by the marriage of José Trujillo Valdés
262. 36:21and julia altagracia molina chevalier in the midst of a large family with a drunken
263. 36:28and womanizing father who neglected his home responsibilities on n iño rafael leonidas grew up lacking
264. 36:35in affection and paternal affection, on the contrary, rejection and contempt or
265. 36:41colored his family's relations with part of the community due to the criminal acts and
266. 36:47fraudulent actions carried out by his brothers and even his father was This situation
267. 36:53led the young Rafael Leonidas to seek affection and protection in the shadow of his uncle Plinio Pin a
268. 36:59Chevalier, an official of the government of Vázquez with social prestige and a good economic position,
269. 37:07although he did not stop sharing some misdeeds with his brothers under the tutelage of his Uncle Plinio
270. 37:12made an effort to differentiate himself from his natural environment by dressing impeccably and taking care of his way of behaving
271. 37:19before others.Therefore, he began his struggle to be accepted in the high society of the time,
272. 37:27although he did not manage to pass the fifth year of primary education thanks to the recommendation
273. 37:32of his uncles pliny and teodule was accepted in several jobs first as operator
274. 37:38of the telegraph of san cristóbal later as a country guard at the bocachica sugar mill and
275. 37:43finally an officer of the national guard created by the US Marines
276. 37:50as an army officer and despite the merits achieved by Trujillo,
277. 37:55his repeated application to join the social clubs of the demanding Dominican oligarchy of
278. 38:02Then for his excessive pride and his disorderly ambition these rejections meant a
279. 38:09deep life with saying in turn a great resentment against the sectors that did not accept him, he will
280. 38:16tear down the lines well considered juices and put them at his feet in dominating all
281. 38:22facets of society. hostile and for money and for his fist to make all men
282. 38:27and women depend on him and then to enlarge the world thus enslaved, here are what
283. 38:33the ends of his existence had become with these feelings he took to the stage on
284. 38:40August 16 , 1930 to take oath as constitutional president of the republic
285. 38:51this was the dominican republic of 1930 a population n approximately one million two hundred
286. 39:00fifty-six thousand 48 people 80 percent of whom lived in the countryside more than 80
287. 39:07percent of its illiterate population only three main roads throughout the country and two
288. 39:13railways in the northern region an economy based fundamentally in agriculture and
289. 39:20oriented towards exports with an almost total absence of internal markets
290. 39:26its territory divided politically into 12 provinces Customs controlled directly
291. 39:32by the North American government an external debt of 20 million dollars whose amortization had
292. 39:39to begin to pay quickly before its expiration in 1940 and 1942 and finally a
293. 39:49suffocating economic crisis that affected all sectors of the population in March 1930 the
294. 39:56North American legation in Santo Domingo sent a strictly confidential report to the State Department
295. 40:02in Washington informing about the qualities of the main collaborators of
296. 40:07trujillo many of which appear here in this first cabinet rafael vidal towers has been
297. 40:15convicted of embezzlement and murder and was sentenced to 14 years in prison but was released due to
298. 40:22the influence of trujillo has no descent and no elías ability to
299. 40:28h in the combination of lack of principles rules and those qualities that make the character of a
300. 40:34man so that it seems predominant he has intrigued with everyone and has betrayed
301. 40:41everyone roberto despradel is a work of trujillo has not shown great ability as an economist
302. 40:48and appears to be honest antonio jorge is a Syrian illiterate whose only merit is to have
303. 40:55participated as a general in the February uprising almost uncombed is a prestigious lawyer
304. 41:03but lazy and without initiative this was the opinion that the North American
305. 41:09legation had on them the other members of the cabinet did not appear in the report but His activities
306. 41:15were known to all, César Tolentino was the director of the newspaper La Información de Santiago
307. 41:22From whose pages the February uprising against Horacio Vásquez was encouraged, said newspaper
308. 41:28being turned into an instrument of support and promotion of the activities of Trujillo
309. 41:35José Manuel Jiménez, son of the former president when Isidro Jiménez, two months after
310. 41:40being appointed, resigned Teódulo Pina Chevalier Uncle De Trujillo was a lawyer for the
311. 41:47North American sugar companies and head of the intelligence service of the
312. 41:52Dominican National Police created by the Marines. He was the person who had the most influence over Trujillo.
313. 42:20On September 3, 1930, the city of Santo Domingo was destroyed by a powerful cyclone.
314. 42:27With winds of approximately 290 kilometers per hour, the cyclone of Sants, where with a balance of
315. 42:35two thousand dead, six thousand injured, more than nine thousand five hundred buildings destroyed and around
316. 42:4130,000 homeless people in the middle of the tragedy in Trujillo, showed extraordinary energy
317. 42:47and of great capacity of work and of ruler was everywhere s stimulating, organizing
318. 42:54and working with foreign experts who arrived to help in the recovery of the
319. 42:59city ​​when the crisis caused by the hurricane gave way, the work of trujillo began
320. 44:11in March 1931, general desiderio arias rebelled in the mountains of
321. 44:17máó before To do so, he had addressed Trujillo, telling him to offer
322. 44:22me to collaborate with his government, thinking that his government was going to follow the tradition
323. 44:28of respect for citizenship that the Dominican Republic had enshrined for many
324. 44:34years, but in his government a series of crimes are being committed and I I can not allow
325. 44:40my name to be involved in the crimes and atrocities being committed in
326. 44:44Dominican republic with the death of arias Desiderio disappeared the last of the regional caudillos
327. 44:50Dominicans and was finally eliminated public opposition to the Trujillo regime
328. 44:59which more security offered to the personality of the trick was to know that he was backed by
329. 45:05weapons always pr Much attention was paid to these and the men who managed them,
330. 45:09frequently removing command posts and constantly insisting on the loyalty that they
331. 45:16should maintain towards their person, no one ignores the life of the women and what was achieved by the god
332. 45:25of assistance does not carry in their human reality
333. 45:32of loyalty as a reason to weave your passage through the world to live honorably in the leg
334. 45:43with the monopoly of arms in the hands of an army controlled by him and in the face of rumors of
335. 45:48invasion by the political exiles Trujillo along with his staff made
336. 45:53A tour in December 1931 through the 12 provinces of the country accompanied by 1,400
337. 46:01army personnel in each of the provinces prepared a parade where
338. 46:06numerous military equipment was exhibited, including a battery of
339. 46:11light artillery, heavy machine guns, asphyxiating bombs, automatic rifles, motorcycles, machine guns of
340. 46:19hand and several walls to load the cannons the parades were led by the band de música
341. 46:25del ejército dirigida por los tenientes josé cerón y rafael ignacio acompañaron a trujillo
342. 46:32en este recorrido el general de brigada ramón vázquez a ribera el coronel pedro a estrella
343. 46:38los tenientes coroneles ernesto pérez y fernando a sánchez y el mayor manuel a también los capitanes
344. 46:45mélido marte fausto caamaño y antonio leyva po solo dos civiles acompañaron a trujillo en este
345. 46:53recorrido militar el doctor francisco pensó y el licenciado joaquín balaguer el primero
346. 47:00su médico particular para cuidar de su salud y el segundo su orador preferido para redactar le los
347. 47:06discursos y corregirle sus declaraciones de prensa uno de sus apologistas de la época parafraseando a
348. 47:14leónidas el legendario rey espartano afirmó estamos en paz bajo la sombra de las armas
349. 47:54no no no
350. 48:07bueno
351. 48:35el 2 de agosto de 1931 se funda el partido dominicano el cual se convertiría en un
352. 48:42eficaz mecanismo de propaganda control y vigilancia de la población al servicio de
353. 48:47trujillo como partido único al servicio del régimen er a obligatorio afiliarse a
354. 48:53este para cualquier gestión ante los organismos estatales el ciudadano
355. 48:58debía presentar el carnet del partido conocido popularmente como la palmita
356. 49:05el símbolo que adoptó el partido fue la palma real y su lema cuatro palabras que coincidían con el
357. 49:11nombre completo del dictador rectitud libertad trabajo y tiempo después se agregó moralidad
358. 49:21desde esos primeros años trujillo montó una maquinaria económico financiera que
359. 49:26le dio un sostén económico personal a su dominación política esta maquinaria
360. 49:31se creó conjuntamente con la ejecución de la política económica de la dictadura
361. 49:36la cual tomó un impulso inusitado a partir de la ley de emergencia de octubre de 1931
362. 49:45parado en esta ley trujillo dispuso una serie de medidas económicas que incluyeron la paralización
363. 49:51unilateralmente de los pagos por concepto de amortización de la deuda externa con la banca
364. 49:56norteamericana disminuyó el gasto del estado por medio de despidos masivos de empleados y
365. 50:03reducciones de sueldos y equilibr ó la balanza comercial por medio de disminuciones acentuadas
366. 50:08de las importaciones diseñó una política estatal de incentivo a la producción nacional
367. 50:14de arroz grasas animales queso mantequilla calzados muebles y otros productos agrícolas
368. 50:20y manufactureros fomentando así la producción para el mercado interno y sustituyendo la gran mayoría
369. 50:27de las importaciones los resultados exitosos de esta política debido en gran medida a los
370. 50:33métodos despóticos que se emplearon mantuvieron controlada la crisis económica que sufría el país
371. 50:41trujillo era un hombre inteligente sereno valiente organizado y trabajador con un extraordinario don
372. 50:49de mando y con profundo conocimiento de los más oscuros sentimientos del ser humano además de una
373. 50:55implacable autodisciplina era inculto pero con su astucia sabía manejar a los más relevantes
374. 51:01intelectuales y por ende escucharlos y someterse a sus proyectos pero a todas las cualidades que
375. 51:10adornaban su persona les fueron agregadas otras que sometidas a un proceso exagerado d e elogio
376. 51:15y exaltación se magnificaron hasta el extremo de atribuir a trujillo poderes sobrenaturales
377. 51:23así numerosos homenajes condecoraciones reconocimientos y títulos se sucedían
378. 51:30constantemente pero sólo cuatro se hicieron obligatorios mencionar al referirse a él
379. 51:35públicamente generalísimo de los ejércitos nacionales otorgados por el congreso nacional
380. 51:42el 26 de mayo de 1933 doctor honoris causa en todas las facultades de la universidad de santo
381. 51:52domingo en octubre de 1934 padre de la patria nueva y benefactor de la patria otorgado por el
382. 52:01congreso el 16 de agosto de 1933 en santiago el grande hombre no tiene que ser poeta ni pintor y
383. 52:13escultor solo tiene que ser uno de esos hombres a quien platón llamaba hombres divinos a cuya
384. 52:20zaga y seguimiento deben marchar todos los ciudadanos que viven bajo un buen gobierno
385. 52:25según aconsejaba el inmortal filósofo griego cuando un pueblo los ríe uno de esos héroes o
386. 52:34uno de esos hombres divinos ese pueblo ve en él al auténtico protagonista de todo el aconte cer de su
387. 52:42cultura porque es él quien enmarca y condiciona el perfil de su historia es el hombre necesario
388. 52:50lo repetimos y ese es el caso de trujillo y tú y yo repito no ha creado la nacionalidad
389. 53:01y afianzaron en cambio los elementos que la constituyen integrando la de
390. 53:06manera definitiva e imprimiéndole con dos de los talleres o de su voluntad creadora
391. 53:15el vigor y la consistencia con que de ahora en adelante perdurará en la historia
392. 53:23y no ha sido capaz de llevar a cabo semejante
393. 53:29estricto sin disputar el título de benefactor de la patria esto acreedor a este título
394. 53:37y acreedor al título más grande todavía de padre y civilizador de la república y yo a
395. 53:47completar olivar de libertad e independencia de nación de unitarios parte a través del tiempo
396. 54:04correspondió al licenciado casi into peinado alcanzar la cúspide más alta
397. 54:16del servilismo y la duración al crear la insólita relación de dios y trujillo la
398. 54:21cual en lo adelante sería usada con frecuencia por sus alabarderos y cortesanos más destacados
399. 54:29cuand o un americano expresa que debe subir es área de trujillo
400. 54:38no hacía otra cosa que hacerse intérprete de este hecho famoso que se ha cumplido aquí por primera
401. 54:46vez en la historia la presencia de trujillo en una patria es una realidad tan viva como lo es
402. 55:01con frecuentes pronunciamientos como estos los intelectuales al servicio del régimen situaron
403. 55:10la figura del tirano por encima de todos los mortales generando en la población sentimientos
404. 55:16de admiración y veneración a su persona lo que a su vez estimulaba una conducta de sumisión y
405. 55:23aceptación del poder personal del dictador a esto hay que agregar la megalomanía ilimitada
406. 55:29de carácter mesiánico que exhibía trujillo la república dominicana afrontará un ángulo
407. 55:37y esta situación cuyas grandes proporciones asimilarse a las existente aquellos primeros
408. 55:44años de nuestra vida republicana y fue precisamente entonces cuando obedeciendo
409. 55:52las exigencias de gestar en el mismo a cantar nariz y que pareciera vista la vida de los
410. 55:59pueblos las miradas de estar gas bendik antes del viernes hacia mí las miradas de espaldas
411. 56:07vendí cante volvieron hacia mí las miradas después de alicante la vida energía mente
412. 56:13pero a pesar de su delirio de grandeza y del esfuerzo intelectual para mitificarlo la gente
413. 56:19del pueblo en sus conversaciones privadas al referirse a él usaban el apodo con el cual
414. 56:24lo bautizaron en las callejuelas y callejones de san cristóbal les seguían llamando chapita
415. 56:50en febrero de 1934 se celebró en san cristóbal la convención nacional del partido dominicano la cual
416. 56:58escogió a trujillo como candidato presidencial para un nuevo periodo 1934 1938 no me presento
417. 57:10ante la opinión nacional cuando los programas y promesas puedo decir sencillamente que me doy
418. 57:18por entero la patria como he sido y como soy al aceptar ser postulado por el partido dominicano
419. 57:25para la presidencia la república en las elecciones del próximo 16 de mayo puede hacer revisión de
420. 57:34mi pasado político para acreditarles y para aplastar mi nombre le basta con comparecer
421. 57:40ante la concie ncia nacional para confiar me azúcar adictos porque no tengo no vengo en
422. 57:48solicitantes sufragios sino a empeñar mi palabra en que continuaré entregado con toda la energía
423. 57:53y capacidad a la obra de bien patio que he venido plasmando en términos de desmayos para el cuerpo
424. 58:04el gran día sanas visión debajo se proclama la más
425. 58:17de dos [ __ ] general
426. 58:21es la voz
427. 58:25realizan más cuidado
428. 58:42pero el 16 de mayo de 1934 se efectuaron las elecciones nacionales con el partido
429. 58:54dominicano como único participante y trujillo como único candidato las
430. 59:00apariencias constitucionales quedaron cumplidas tres meses después el 16 de agosto se juramentó
431. 59:08para un nuevo periodo llevando esta vez como vicepresidente a licenciado a cinto peinado
432. 59:19en la lucha por la legitimidad no hay mejor aliado que la iglesia lo que comprendió trujillo desde
433. 59:25antes de llegar al poder así cuando asume la presidencia de la república- puso entre sus
434. 59:31objetivos inmediatos el obtener el respaldo de la iglesia católica a su gobierno para tal fin
435. 59:38y toda una serie de medidas para favorecer la cndh entre ellas el otorgamiento de personería jurídica
436. 59:44en abril de 1931 y la asignación de un subsidio para ayudarla a afrontar su crítica situación
437. 59:52económica entre otras el respaldo de la iglesia no se hizo esperar en agosto de 1931 el arzobispo de
438. 1:00:01santo domingo con el señor adolfo nouel le otorgó la orden jerosolimitana del santo sepulcro una de
439. 1:00:07las primeras distinciones que le dieron al nuevo gobernante mientras monseñor nouel estuvo al
440. 1:00:13frente del arzobispado de santo domingo la iglesia mantuvo muy buenas relaciones con trujillo pero
441. 1:00:19cuando en 1932 el vaticano nombró al padre rafael castellano para dirigir el arzobispado la política
442. 1:00:27de trujillo para con la iglesia sufrió un duro revés el padre castellanos era sacerdote altamente
443. 1:00:34calificado y respetado un discípulo del arzobispo meriño un antiguo columnista de la respetada
444. 1:00:40revista criterio católico y un conocido apologista de la dignidad y la autonomía de la iglesia era
445. 1:00:47precisamente un hombre c omo éste no quería ver cómo el nuevo arzobispo trujillo aprovechó la
446. 1:00:55primera oportunidad que le dio castellanos para poner al descubierto su actividad hacia
447. 1:01:00el sacerdote en una revista cívica efectuada en santiago a principios de 1933 se celebró una misa
448. 1:01:07y el padre castellanos incluyó una bendición para todas las autoridades públicas pero sin
449. 1:01:13referirse expresamente a trujillo truquillo transformó la omisión en un gran incidente
450. 1:01:19suspendió el subsidio a la iglesia y solicitó al vaticano la remoción de castellanos de su carne
451. 1:01:26desconociendo a castellano se hizo al congreso a designar a monseñor alejandro novel como
452. 1:01:32arzobispo vitalicio y asesora eclesiástico del gobierno asignándole además una pensión económica
453. 1:01:40la muerte del padre castellanos en enero de 1934 despejó el camino para que trujillo llevara a cabo
454. 1:01:47su estrategia con relación a la iglesia con la llegada del reverendo rick ando pittini al
455. 1:01:53arzobispado de santo domingo en agosto de 1935 las relaciones de la iglesia católica con el ré gimen
456. 1:02:00de trujillo se fortalecieron extraordinariamente el arzobispo pittini se convirtió en estrecho
457. 1:02:08colaborador y militante defensor del régimen de trujillo multiplicándose durante su gestión las
458. 1:02:14misas por la salud del jefe eran cuales llegarían a casi 400 por años la iglesia ofreció al régimen
459. 1:02:20un arma psicológica formidable para someter espiritualmente a las masas de esta manera
460. 1:02:26la aceptación pasiva de las miserias terrenales en espera de una recompensa anterior y celestial
461. 1:02:32la sumisión de la razón y la fe a lo irracional la renuncia a toda autonomía personal y la exaltación
462. 1:02:38del principio de la autoridad del estado encarnada en un jefe constituyeron un terrible instrumento
463. 1:02:45de propaganda para adormecer a las masas y frenar su resistencia al régimen para mediados de su
464. 1:02:51segundo período gubernamental las columnas que sustentaban el poder del jefe estaban
465. 1:02:56sólidamente establecidas la fuerza de las armas a través de un ejército controlado personalmente
466. 1:03:03por él el poder del dinero a través del control de los principales resortes financieros de la
467. 1:03:09actividad económica del país la legitimidad que consiguió con muchas de sus acciones
468. 1:03:14pero sobre todo con el respaldo de la iglesia católica y los intelectuales que le siguieron
469. 1:03:29desde los inicios de su gobierno trujillo mostró una gran preocupación por haití y los haitianos
470. 1:03:35residentes en nuestro país de 1930 1937 realizó cuatro viajes a haití y sostuvo igual número de
471. 1:03:43encuentros con el presidente de ese país éste nivins el ies recíproco el que está
472. 1:03:48visitando santo domingos en varias ocasiones el primero de estos encuentros lo sostuvieron en
473. 1:03:53cabo haitiano en dajabón en octubre de 1933 en esta primera reunión trujillo y vincent
474. 1:04:01acordaron reiniciar las negociaciones para la firma de un nuevo acuerdo fronterizo que
475. 1:04:06revisar el de 1929 y estableciera los límites definitivos de la frontera dominico-haitiana
476. 1:04:13y finalmente luego de intensas negociaciones en marzo de 1936 trujillo retornó a puerto príncipe
477. 1:04:20y firmó junto a vincent el protocolo que puso fin a la disputa fronteriza y estableció los
478. 1:04:27nuevos límites de la frontera dominico-haitiana durante uno de los discursos que pronunció para
479. 1:04:34la ocasión y trujillo afirmó me enorgullezco en declarar ante mis conciudadanos y frente
480. 1:04:40al mundo que una alta proporción de sangre africana corre por mis venas
481. 1:04:52en 1935 según datos del censo de población de ese año residían en la república dominicana 52
482. 1:05:00mil 657 haitianos gran parte de los inmigrantes haitianos se habían establecido en la región
483. 1:05:08norte del país próximo a la frontera con haití creando su propia base económica de
484. 1:05:13sustentación que incluía modestas cantidades de tierras casas ganado y animales varios
485. 1:05:21también se había desarrollado un activo comercio de productos diversos con los residentes al otro
486. 1:05:26lado de la frontera resultado del cual la moneda haitiana llegó a circular regularmente
487. 1:05:32en amplias zonas del territorio dominicano al margen de control es destacable la existencia
488. 1:05:38de esta comunidad con autonomía económica estaba reñida con la estructura del poder
489. 1:05:42trujillista ya que una de sus características era la centralización y control de toda la
490. 1:05:48actividad política económica y social del país esta situación trujillo no podía tolerar la
491. 1:05:55a finales de 1937 el acariciado proyecto de la intelectualidad trujillista de blanquear
492. 1:06:01la raza la intolerancia de la dictadura que no podía permitir actividades reñidas con la
493. 1:06:07estructura del poder dictatorial y la tradicional propensión de las tiranías a ensañarse contra
494. 1:06:13las minorías confluyeron en la ejecución de una orden horrenda sangrienta y perversa y
495. 1:06:27no
496. 1:06:32y
497. 1:06:47durante 12 días del 28 de septiembre al 8 de octubre fueron asesinados alrededor
498. 1:06:53de 15.000 nacionales haitianos entre hombres mujeres y niños
499. 1:06:58y sus propiedades confiscadas por los ejecutores de la matanza
500. 1:07:12en el régimen dictatorial trujillista encontramos participando activamente en el
501. 1:07:17representativos de los diversos roles sociales propios de un sistema de opresión el político
502. 1:07:49el cura
503. 1:08:03el intelectual
504. 1:08:48el empresario
505. 1:09:05cada uno d e ellos que ejercía una acción específica y sin embargo era
506. 1:09:10la totalidad el grupo quien proporcionaba el sentido a las actitudes individuales
507. 1:09:23en todos los sistemas de opresión existen a disposición de los sectores dominantes
508. 1:09:28este mismo tipo de hombre encargado de tan singular país pero en la división
509. 1:09:34del trabajo moral el asesino resultado permite por otra parte la existencia de
510. 1:09:40aquellos que no están en contacto directo con la muerte y pueden sustentar como individuos
511. 1:09:45separados sus almas limpias cada uno se remite a su propia individualidad cuando
512. 1:09:50quiere alejarse de la miseria ajena que lo contamina o se sumerge en el grupo cuando
513. 1:09:55tiene que ocultar su propia responsabilidad y contamina entonces sin empachos a los otros
514. 1:10:08por eso la verdad del asesino está en el grupo