【平安時代】64 源頼朝が挙兵するまで　石橋山の戦い【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:03In 1180, Japan was largely being changed by Prince Mochihito’s command.
2. 0:10Minamoto-no-Yoritomo, who was exiled to Izu after Heiji-rebellion, received the command,
3. 0:15but he didn’t commit himself.
4. 0:17Though, he got to know Heike was careful that he raised an army.
5. 0:23So finally, the head of Genji starts fighting reluctantly.
6. 0:31Hi everyone, how’re you doing?
7. 0:32I explained Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune in the last video, and I’m explaining Minamoto-no-Yoritomo this time.
8. 0:39What I’ll tell you from now is what was being occurred in another place simultaneously.
9. 0:42So, please listen to me in terms of what happened
10. 0:45while Yoshitsune left Kurama-Temple and he was staying in Hiraizumi.
11. 0:47Let’s go back to Heiji-Rebellion.
12. 0:511160 winter Heiji-Rebellion Yoritomo 13 years old.
13. 0:56Yoritomo fights in Heiji-Rebellion together with his father Yoshitomo as the first battle in his life.
14. 1:01Though as you know, they lose.
15. 1:04He tries to escape to western Japan together with his father and some followers.
16. 1:09It’s in winter and snow is blowing while they are escaping.
17. 1:13It’s also after the battle, and Yoritomo is tired and falls asleep on the horse.
18. 1:18The snow is making low visibility, so he misses his father several times.
19. 1:21Then he completely missies his father.
20. 1:25He decides to go back to Ōmi province, and hides in a nun’s house.
21. 1:29He wants to stay here until the snow thaws, and escape to western Japan.
22. 1:33Though, he is caught by Heike in Sekigahara, and sent back to Heian-kyō
23. 1:40The mother of Kiyomori asks for his life.
24. 1:42So he is exempted a death penalty, and exiled to Hirugakojima, Izu province.
25. 1:47This is Heike’s golden age, so they surveil him.
26. 1:52Though, Yoritomo is said that he spends most time on repeating the name of Buddha to pray for the repose of Genji’s soul.
27. 1:59As time goes by, Heike’s surveillance is getting slack.
28. 2:03Surveillants are surrounding Yoritomo, and Sukechika Ito is one man of them.
29. 2:08One day, Yoritomo steals into Ito’s house, and
30. 2:11he makes Sukechika’s daughter bear a girl called Sentsuru.
31. 2:15Sukechika doesn’t realize that his daughter got to be a pregnant because he is in Heian-kyō.
32. 2:20Then time pasts, Sukechika comes back from Heian-kyō, and pales at her.
33. 2:25A direct descendant of Genji has been born from his clan.
34. 2:30Sukachika thinks Heike will be roused anger to him, so
35. 2:32he takes away Sentsuru from his daughter.
36. 2:34Then he submerges her to a waterfall, and kills her.
37. 2:37That’s because Genji blood is assumed very dangerous.
38. 2:40Despite this situation, Hōjō Masako from Hōjō-clan who married Yoritomo can be said pretty bold woman.
39. 2:47Masako comes to be close Yoritomo while her father Hōjō Tokimasa is working in Kyoto.
40. 2:54Tokimasa absolutely counters their marriage when he comes back from Kyoto, and
41. 2:58he tries to make her marry Yamaki Kanetaka.
42. 3:01Though, Hōjō Yoshitoki mediates this conflict, and Masako finally marries Yoritomo, then
43. 3:05the first baby Ōhime is born.
44. 3:07Yoritomo comes into power of Hōjō-clan by making Hōjō-clan of his big patron.
45. 3:14Around this period, Yoritomo receives a mail.
46. 3:17It is Mochihito's princely command.
47. 3:19Yoritomo treads warily in this matter at first,but
48. 3:22he eventually decides to make an uprising three months later receiving the mail.
49. 3:26Genji originally holds their base in Tōhoku,and
50. 3:29there are some samurai groups which support Genji.
51. 3:32For this reason, Yoritomo calls for samurai who lives in where now are called Kanagawa,Tokyo, and Saitama to destruct Heike.
52. 3:39The first target to return to power is Yamaki Kanetaka who rules Izu province.
53. 3:48Yoritomo thinks of the day to execute the uprising.
54. 3:52He chooses Mishima shrine’s festival day because Yamaki will mobilize many people to the festival,
55. 3:57and their defense will be weak.
56. 4:02Before the battle, Yoritomo meets his new supporters Doi Sanehira, Sasaki Moritsuna,
57. 4:07and Katō Kagekado one by one in person,
58. 4:10“It’s a confidential talk, but I'm relying on you.”
59. 4:14The truth is that everyone is told the same thing, but they don’t know it.
60. 4:18“Sir Yoritomo is relying on me!”
61. 4:21Everyone believes in what he said, and grids themselves to face the battle.
62. 4:25Yoritomo stays at Hōjō Tokimasa's mansion, and takes command to move troops from Ushikuwa main street.
63. 4:32The first target is Tsutsumi Nobutō who belongs to Yamaki-clan.
64. 4:36Tokimasa arrives in Ushikuwa.
65. 4:39He assigns Sasaki bros to Nobutō, and advances to where Yamaki stays.
66. 4:50On the other side, Tokimasa is struggling with Yamaki.
67. 4:52So Yoritomo gets tired of waiting, and sends additional troops.
68. 4:55The troops are Sasaki Morituna and Kato Kagekado.
69. 4:59They change the current, and it finally comes to an end.
70. 5:06Yoritomo kills Yamaki Kanetaka, and earns the first winning to destruct Heike.
71. 5:12Yoritomo once moves to Doi Sanehira’s territory.
72. 5:17There is some reason.
73. 5:19It’s to meet Miura-clan they used to belong Yoritomo’s father.
74. 5:23That can be a huge momentum, because they have a navy.
75. 5:29To have a navy means they have a vast field of activities and
76. 5:37diverse of relationships with samurais who live around shores.
77. 5:43It’s pretty important decision for Yoritomo to meet Miura-clan.
78. 5:47On top of that, Ōba Kagechika’s troops battled at Byodo-in to conquer Mochihito’s rebellion,
79. 5:52and they are coming back to eastern Japan to surveillant anti-Heike groups.
80. 5:58Now, they are moving to Izu peninsula.
81. 6:01In terms of increasing troops as well, to meet Miura-clan is a must thing for Yoritomo.
82. 6:09Because of that, Yoritomo waits for Miura-clan in Dohi, Sagami.
83. 6:13Even though waiting for a long time, Miura-clan doesn’t appear, and
84. 6:16Ōba Kagechika with 3000 troops are approaching for Izu while they are waiting.
85. 6:21Yoritomo should be feeling his life was coming to an end little by little.
86. 6:24It’s early morning on the 23th of August 1180.
87. 6:27Yoritomo thinks he shouldn’t wait anymore, and locates his stronghold on Mt. Ishibashi.
88. 6:31He has only 300 troops, and it’s 10 times fewer than Ōba.
89. 6:36On top of that, oppositions are not only Ōba troops.
90. 6:39Itō Sukechika who leads 300 troops are coming up north from the south.
91. 6:44Yoritomo has less troops than his oppositions, so to be attacked from both sides means death.
92. 6:48While Yoritomo is thinking about that, Miura-clan’s 500 troops arrive at Sakawa river.
93. 6:55It changes the situation.
94. 6:58That is to say, Ōba troops can be attacked from both sides.
95. 7:01If it works, Yoritomo can have a chance of winning.
96. 7:05Ōba troops feel this situation is so dangerous, so they make a night attack on Mt. Ishibashi.
97. 7:11Then, Battle of Ishibashi-yama breaks out.
98. 7:15The upper side has advantage at the battle on mountains, because
99. 7:20when they face each other, the lower side loses toughness while they ascend the mountain trail.
100. 7:23This time, Yoritomo is at the upper side.
101. 7:25Yoritomo’s troops are few, but there can be a chance of winning if they stand up until Miura’s troops.
102. 7:30Though unfortunately, it’s raining this day, and it has caused the river to rise.
103. 7:33So, Miura’s troops are not able to move to Ishibashi-yama.
104. 7:38Although Yoritomo’s troops are the upper side, they are wiped out because of strength of army,
105. 7:42and he retreats to Sugi-yama.
106. 7:44As I said it was in the night, so he tried to let go of this in the past by hiding in the mountain.
107. 7:50Though, when the morning has dawned, Heike troops chase him.
108. 7:53Yoritomo escapes to the depths and hides in Shitodoiwa-cave where he just happens to pass by.
109. 8:01Things here became a famous story now, right?
110. 8:03Kajiwara Kagetoki who belongs to Heike sees inside the cave,
111. 8:07and finds Yoritomo there.
112. 8:09Although, Kagetoki ignores and overlooks Yoritomo intentionally.
113. 8:14In my opinion, he perhaps bet Genji’s winnig.
114. 8:16Thanks to this decision, Kagetoki eventually becomes one of Yoritomo’s close advisers,
115. 8:20and contributes to establish Kamakura Shogunate.
116. 8:23Yoritomo hides in Hakone Hakone-Gongen (a sacred mountain) for a while,
117. 8:27and descends the mountain when Heike troops finish withdrawal.
118. 8:29Then, goes back to Dohi, and evacuate to Awa province by ship.
119. 8:33He arrives in Ryo-jima, and raises his army again together with
120. 8:37Hōjō Tokimasa and Miura-clan who arrived in ahead of time.
121. 8:42Wada Yoshimori from Miura-clan who eventually plays an important role meets Yoritomo here.
122. 8:48Well, how was today’s episode?
123. 8:51Isn’t it one of the sweetest stories to those who love Kamakura period because some
124. 8:55great samurais who eventually support Kamakura shogunate like Hōjō-clan, Kajiwara Kagetoki,
125. 9:00and Miura Yoshizumi appears as well, it is?
126. 9:03In 2022, NHK is going to broadcast the yearly historic TV series named “Kamakura-dono no Jusan nin (Kamakura Shogunate’s thirteen chiefs)”,
127. 9:08and, its hero is Hōjō Yoshitoki.
128. 9:10So, if you prepare beforehand, you can enjoy watching that more.
129. 9:13Please thumbs up if you’re looking forward to 2022.
130. 9:17See you in the next video.
131. 9:19Thank you for watching.
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