5 Factors which support the Spinal Cord Neuroanatomy 5 Dr Ahmed Kamal — Transcript

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1. 0:02What keeps the spinal cord in place? I
2. 0:06mean, the spinal cord ends, as we all
3. 0:09know, at the...The second lumbar
4. 0:11vertebra. Why is it fixed in place, not
5. 0:15rattling inside the vertebral canal,
6. 0:18and why doesn't it move with the body's
7. 0:21movements? There are many factors that
8. 0:24anchor it. The first thing is the filum
9. 0:27terminale that we mentioned. Which is
10. 0:29an extension of the pia mater. The pia
11. 0:31mater ends at L2, and a cord emerges
12. 0:34from it called the filum terminale. It
13. 0:37attaches to the coccyx from below. So
14. 0:39this anchors the spinal cord. Fixing it
15. 0:42downwards. It’s as if it were a nail
16. 0:44in the coccyx from below, securing the
17. 0:47spinal cord. That's one. Number two,
18. 0:50the spinal cord here is covered by the
19. 0:53pia mater. The pia mater gives rise to
20. 0:56ligaments. Here is one, two, Uh. These
21. 1:01triangles are ligaments emerging from
22. 1:03the pia mater, see? They pierce the
23. 1:06arachnoid mater, which is this one here
24. 1:08. And then they attach to the dura
25. 1:10mater. So, here is the pia mater. These
26. 1:13ligaments emerged from it. They pierced
27. 1:15the arachnoid. And attached to the dura
28. 1:17mater. These ligaments, here is one.
29. 1:19They are called denticulate ligaments.
30. 1:23These denticulate ligaments emerge from
31. 1:25both sides of the spinal cord. Here is
32. 1:27one side and here is the other side.
33. 1:29Here is one side and here is one side.
34. 1:30Meaning, here is a ligament. And here
35. 1:31is a ligament and a ligament. Here is a
36. 1:33ligament and a ligament. These
37. 1:34ligaments pierce the arachnoid mater.
38. 1:36And then attach to the dura mater. When
39. 1:39they attach to the dura mater, they
40. 1:41anchor the spinal cord. They anchor
41. 1:43every segment of the spinal cord.
42. 1:45Meaning, from each segment, a
43. 1:46denticulate ligament emerges, and
44. 1:48another denticulate ligament. These
45. 1:50ligaments emerge from the pia. They
46. 1:51pierce the arachnoid and attach to the
47. 1:53dura. So I have here 31 Pairs. Third
48. 2:01thing, the dura mater itself, which is
49. 2:03this outer layer. Above, the dura mater
50. 2:06itself is attached to the foramen
51. 2:09magnum. Meaning, to the margins of the
52. 2:11foramen magnum. Then, between every
53. 2:13vertebra and the next, we know there is
54. 2:16an intervertebral foramen. The dura
55. 2:18mater also attaches at the
56. 2:21intervertebral foramen. So, the dura
57. 2:24mater is anchored everywhere. Since the
58. 2:26dura mater is fixed like this, it
59. 2:28becomes secured. And the spinal cord is
60. 2:31anchored to the dura by the ligamentum
61. 2:33denticulatum or the denticulate
62. 2:35ligament. So these are the factors that
63. 2:39anchor the spinal cord. So what anchors
64. 2:41the spinal cord are the filum terminale
65. 2:43. Which is the one below that attaches
66. 2:45to the coccyx. The denticulate
67. 2:47ligaments, which are the pairs. Which
68. 2:50are 31 pairs that correspond to the
69. 2:52segments of the spinal cord. And then
70. 2:54the attachments of the dura mater. All
71. 3:00of these act as anchors.