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【要約】40歳でGAFAの部長に転職した僕が20代で学んだ思考法【寺澤伸洋】 — Transcript

by フェルミ漫画大学 · 2,099 words · 378 segments · language en · Watch on YouTube

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0:00Hi, this is Motsurin. Today, I’ll be
0:04explaining "The Thinking Habits I
0:06Learned in My 20s," written by Shin
0:07Terasawa, who became a department
0:09manager at one of the GAFA companies at
0:11age 40. In a nutshell, this book
0:15teaches you how to think logically.
0:18Excuse me. Was it GAFA?
0:22It’s an acronym for the major
0:24American tech giants: Google, Apple,
0:27Facebook, and Amazon. That’s right.
0:29That’s right. Becoming a GAFA manager
0:32at 40 is amazing.
0:34Indeed.
0:35But how can one succeed at GAFA? While
0:39many skills are required, the most
0:40important one is logical thinking.
0:43Logical thinking.
0:45The ability to think about things
0:46logically. The author says he was
0:48thoroughly taught this by his boss when
0:50he was young, before joining GAFA.
0:52Huh.
0:54This book compiles the methods of
0:55logical thinking the author learned
0:57from that boss. If you take today's
0:59lesson, you’ll be able to acquire
1:01that logical mindset, too. Let’s
1:03start the lesson right away. Listen
1:05closely and pay attention.
1:06I’m ready. 1
1:08The first is to look at the big picture
1:10. Suddenly, what do you think you
1:12should do to make a delicious curry?
1:14Eh? Oh, let's see. Shouldn't I just
1:18chop up potatoes, carrots, and meat,
1:19and simmer them with the roux?
1:22That's completely wrong.
1:23Hmm. Yeah. Then I'll add apple and
1:26honey as a secret ingredient.
1:28No, that’s not the issue. You are
1:31lacking the perspective of looking at
1:32the big picture.
1:34The big picture.
1:36The first thing you should do to make
1:38good curry is to understand who is
1:39going to eat it. A hungry middle school
1:42boy and a professional in Marunouchi
1:44would surely want a completely
1:45different curry.
1:46Ah, that's true.
1:48I should also check what else needs to
1:50be prepared. It would be bad if you
1:53started cooking only to find out your
1:54pot is too small or you don't have
1:56enough plates, leaving some people
1:57without food.
1:59That's true.
2:00And you should also decide on the
2:01atmosphere for the meal.
2:03Atmosphere?
2:05Don't you think curry tastes different
2:07depending on whether it's served on a
2:09flat plate or in one of those magic
2:10lamp-style boats?
2:12Yeah, I see your point. Curry in a boat
2:15always feels like it tastes better,
2:17doesn't it? If you're making curry like
2:22this, you need to look at the big
2:23picture—not just the recipe, but
2:25who's eating it, what to prepare, and
2:27the atmosphere. Next, the key to
2:32logical thinking is breaking things
2:34down into elements. I just used curry
2:36as an example to show the importance of
2:38thinking from the big picture. Uh-huh.
2:41The trick to logical thinking is to
2:43first grasp the whole picture, then
2:44think deeply about each specific point.
2:48So I need to learn the skill of
2:49thinking from the big picture first,
2:51then.
2:52Exactly. That's where I want you to use
2:54element breakdown when you're capturing
2:56the whole picture.
2:57Element breakdown.
2:58Actually, we used element breakdown in
3:00that curry example earlier.
3:02Oh? We did?
3:04Do you remember what we had to think
3:06about to make delicious curry?
3:08Yes. We needed to consider not just the
3:11recipe, but who's eating it, what to
3:13prepare, and the atmosphere, right?
3:16Correct. To put it simply, we can call
3:19those the target, the preparations, the
3:22recipe, and the presentation. Those
3:24four are the result of breaking down
3:26the process of making delicious curry
3:28into elements.
3:28Oh. It's like categorizing the
3:31necessary things for making great curry
3:33.
3:34Exactly. If you think about each of
3:38those elements in detail, you'll be
3:39able to serve delicious curry to your
3:41target audience. Next is being
3:43conscious of your perspective, focus,
3:45and viewpoint. I understand element
3:48breakdown from your explanation, but
3:49I'm worried I won't be able to do it
3:51well on my own.
3:53True, it might be tough if you're told
3:55to do it out of the blue. So, I'll
3:57teach you the tips for element
3:58breakdown here.
4:00Oh, please do!
4:02They are broadening your vision,
4:04sharpening your focus, and increasing
4:05your viewpoints.
4:07Yes. Um...
4:09I'll explain them one by one in detail.
4:11First, broadening your vision means
4:13expanding the area where you collect
4:15information. For example, when thinking
4:17about how to get better at baseball,
4:19you might incorporate javelin throw
4:21training.
4:22So, you look at other sports, not just
4:24baseball.
4:25Yeah. The next step, elevating your
4:27quality, is to think from the
4:29perspective of someone superior to you.
4:32If you want to be a regular on a
4:34baseball team, try thinking from the
4:35coach's perspective about what kind of
4:37players they'd want to use.
4:40I see. The final step, increasing your
4:42viewpoints, is to think about things
4:44from multiple perspectives. This is
4:46like considering how a batter thinks
4:48when you're trying to figure out how to
4:50strike them out as a pitcher.
4:53So you think about what kind of pitches
4:54a batter hates.
4:55Exactly. If you keep these three things
4:58in mind—broadening your field of view
5:00, elevating your quality, and
5:02increasing your viewpoints—it becomes
5:03easier to break down elements. Next is
5:06horizontal thinking, which means
5:07expanding your thoughts sideways. Now,
5:10let's talk about thinking frameworks
5:11you can use when contemplating things.
5:14Oh, that's very helpful.
5:16I'll introduce four: horizontal
5:18thinking, vertical thinking, changing
5:20the height of your thinking, and
5:22changing the timeline. Let's start with
5:24an explanation of horizontal thinking.
5:26Please, go ahead.
5:28Horizontal thinking means expanding
5:29your thoughts outward.
5:31Is that the same as broadening your
5:33field of view, like I mentioned earlier
5:35?
5:35That's right. For a practical exercise,
5:38let's think about what's needed to run
5:40faster.
5:42Simply put, that would be correct form
5:44or strengthening your legs, right?
5:46Right, now let's apply horizontal
5:48thinking to that. Is there anything
5:50from other sports that could be useful?
5:52Hmm. What if we expanded our scope to
5:56swimming and thought about how to swim
5:58faster?
6:00Oh, good one. What do you think is
6:02needed to swim faster?
6:04Of course, form and physical strength
6:06are equally important, but maybe things
6:08like swimwear?
6:11True, there was that buzz at the
6:12Olympics a while back about high-speed
6:14swimsuits. So, how could that be
6:17applied to track and field?
6:19Since equipment is important, how about
6:21wearing better spikes?
6:23Yeah. That’s a good idea.
6:24I did it! As you just did, by expanding
6:27your thoughts to other domains, you can
6:29come up with new ideas. That is the
6:32power of horizontal thinking. Next,
6:34we'll dive deep using vertical thinking
6:36. The second thinking framework,
6:39vertical thinking, is used when you
6:40want to dig deeper into your thoughts.
6:43Here, I’ll introduce MECE and 5W1H as
6:46methods for vertical thinking. What is
6:49MECE?
6:50It means organizing things so there are
6:53no overlaps and no gaps. Ah.
6:54Oh. For example, let's say you
6:56categorize all Japanese people using a
6:58certain axis. If you organize them by
7:00gender and age group, don't you think
7:02everyone will definitely fall into one
7:04of those categories?
7:06True, everyone would fit into exactly
7:08one category, like "male in his 50s" or
7:11"female in her 20s."
7:13That is the concept of MECE. Now, for
7:16the practical application, let's try
7:18thinking about how to get buff.
7:20How to get buff, huh? Oh, for example,
7:24how about we break down the body by
7:26muscle group? Like neck, arms, chest,
7:29abs, back, and legs?
7:31Oh, that's good. With that, you can
7:33organize all the body's muscles with no
7:35gaps or overlaps.
7:37I did it. I think I sort of understand
7:39the MECE approach.
7:40Good, you've heard of the other one,
7:435W1H, right?
7:44Yes, it's thinking about who, when,
7:47where, what, why, and how, isn't it?
7:50Exactly! When it comes to getting buff,
7:53you deepen your thinking by asking:
7:55when to train, whether at the gym or at
7:57home, and what equipment to use.
7:59I see.
8:00If you master these two, MECE and 5W1H,
8:03you'll be able to perform vertical
8:05thinking with ease. Next, we'll try
8:07changing the height of your perspective
8:09. The third thinking framework is to
8:11change your level of perspective and
8:13think again.
8:14Change the height of my thinking? Do
8:16you mean that thing you mentioned
8:18before about raising your point of view
8:19?
8:19Yes. I previously gave the example of
8:22thinking from the coach's perspective
8:24to become a starter on a baseball team,
8:26but this method can be applied in many
8:28situations.
8:29True, it seems applicable to many
8:31things, like looking at work from the
8:33perspective of my boss, the section
8:35manager.
8:35Exactly. Furthermore, it’s not just
8:37the section manager’s perspective;
8:39what about from the department head's
8:40point of view? Or the president's? By
8:42gradually increasing the height of your
8:43thinking, the ideas you come up with
8:45will also change.
8:46I see, that makes sense.
8:48Also, it’s a good idea to try
8:49lowering the height of your perspective
8:50too.
8:51What do you mean by that?
8:52Let's consider parenting, for example.
8:55As parents, we sometimes pack a child's
8:56schedule with lessons because we want
8:58them to learn as many skills as
9:00possible. But from the child's
9:03perspective, they might prefer to spend
9:05that time playing with friends instead.
9:07Yeah. Besides, there's a lot they can
9:10learn through communicating with their
9:11friends, right?
9:12Exactly. That's why it's important to
9:15lower your perspective and think from
9:17the child's point of view when raising
9:18them. By shifting the altitude of your
9:21thinking like this, you can gain ideas
9:23from a different perspective. Next,
9:26let's try changing the timeline. The
9:29final thinking framework I'll introduce
9:31is shifting the time axis.
9:33Shifting the time axis?
9:35Yes. Take the techniques we've covered
9:38—lateral thinking, vertical thinking,
9:40and shifting altitude—and re-examine
9:42them through the past, present, and
9:44future.
9:46Hmm.
9:47For instance, we thought about how to
9:49run faster when using lateral thinking.
9:51Yeah.
9:53If we treat running as the "present"
9:55and rewind time to the past, we realize
9:56there's a starting moment. Don't you
10:00think techniques for a smooth start
10:02would also be necessary for running
10:03faster?
10:04That's true.
10:06Then, if you move forward from running
10:08to the future, you reach the moment of
10:09finishing. This gives rise to the
10:12perspective of whether you can refine
10:13how you cross the finish line.
10:15Oh!
10:16Like this, rewinding or fast-forwarding
10:19time makes it easier to generate new
10:21ideas.
10:22I see. So far, we've covered four
10:25frameworks: lateral thinking, vertical
10:28thinking, shifting altitude, and
10:30changing the timeline. If you master
10:33these, you'll be able to think through
10:35things both broadly and deeply. Lastly,
10:38let's discuss writing your thoughts on
10:40A3 paper with a pencil. I've explained
10:43the methods for logical thinking up to
10:44this point.
10:45Yeah.
10:46So, at the end of this lesson, I'll
10:48share a tip for when you're actually
10:49doing the thinking.
10:51Oh, please teach me! It's to write down
10:55and organize your thoughts on A3 paper
10:56using a pencil.
10:59So we use A3 paper instead of the usual
11:01A4, right?
11:02Yes. This book states that the breadth
11:04and depth of your thinking is
11:06proportional to the size of the canvas
11:07you use. That's why I recommend using
11:10A3, the largest of the common copy
11:12paper sizes.
11:13I understand. I will make sure to keep
11:16A3 paper ready from now on.
11:18Also, doing it by hand is important.
11:20With a computer, you just can't jot
11:22things down as freely as you can by
11:24hand.
11:25True, even drawing lines or adding
11:27speech bubbles can be a hassle
11:28sometimes.
11:30And the final point is to use a pencil.
11:33With a ballpoint pen, you can't erase
11:35what you've written, so you might
11:36hesitate to start. That's why this book
11:39recommends using a pencil so you can
11:41easily erase.
11:42That makes sense.
11:43If you organize your thoughts on A3
11:45paper using a pencil like this, it
11:47becomes much easier. Let's summarize.
11:50Look at the big picture to think. The
11:52key to logical thinking is element
11:54decomposition. Be mindful of your
11:56perspective and viewpoint. Use
11:57horizontal thinking to expand your
11:59ideas. Use vertical thinking to dig
12:01deeper. Try changing the level of your
12:03thinking. Try changing the timeline to
12:05think about it. Write down your
12:07thoughts on A3 paper with a pencil. I
12:09learned a lot. I'm glad to hear that.
12:12The most important thing when thinking
12:14about matters is to see the big picture
12:15. And the technique you should use for
12:18that was element decomposition.
12:20Yes, break the whole thing down into
12:21smaller elements to think about it.
12:23Exactly. Once you master the thinking
12:26methods introduced in this lesson,
12:28you'll be able to think through things
12:30broadly and deeply.
12:32All right, I'll try practicing a little
12:34bit at a time.
12:35That concludes today's lesson.
12:37Thank you very much.

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