4. US History - The English arrive (2) - Plymouth (1620) — Transcript

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1. 0:00The second attempt um is in 1620, so
2. 0:04only 13 years later. In this case, it's
3. 0:07not in Virginia, it's in Massachusetts.
4. 0:10Um and the people colonizing in this
5. 0:13case are not merchants, but Puritans.
6. 0:16So, this is what a Puritan looks like.
7. 0:18Um you probably don't know what that is.
8. 0:20However, you can recognize the word pure
9. 0:23in Puritans. Um and Puritans are um
10. 0:28Protestants who are very very very
11. 0:31strict in how they want people to live.
12. 0:34So Puritans comes from um they want the
13. 0:38Bible to be interpreted very purely. Um
14. 0:42so they don't want any of the nice
15. 0:44things that Catholicism have has. Sorry.
16. 0:46Um and they don't even really want any
17. 0:49of the very basic things that
18. 0:51Protestants tend to have. So for
19. 0:53Puritans, everything's a sin pretty
20. 0:55much. Um for example, um enjoying food
21. 1:00is a sin. You should eat for sustenance.
22. 1:03And when you're done surviving on food,
23. 1:06you should stop eating because enjoying
24. 1:08food is a sin. Same thing for sex. You
25. 1:11have sex to procreate. Sorry, to have
26. 1:13kids. And when you're done having kids,
27. 1:15you should also stop having sex. This
28. 1:17would also explain why most of these
29. 1:18Puritans have like 25 kids. Um,
30. 1:23loud music is a sin or music in general.
31. 1:25Gambling is a sin, drinking is a sin,
32. 1:27everything's a sin. Uh, these Puritans
33. 1:30um are very different from the merchants
34. 1:33from the first attempt. They are not
35. 1:35looking for gold. The only thing they
36. 1:37want is the freedom to be as strict with
37. 1:39their religion as they want to be. So,
38. 1:42they come from Great Britain, but
39. 1:44they're they're they're seen as very
40. 1:47extreme version of Protestantism.
41. 1:50Um, so they decide to leave. They first
42. 1:52go to Leen in uh the Netherlands, which
43. 1:55is at that point like a pretty extreme
44. 1:58Calvinist stronghold where they're also
45. 2:00pretty strict, but apparently not strict
46. 2:02enough. So, they decide after a few
47. 2:04years, you know what? it. This
48. 2:05isn't great either. Let's uh just go and
49. 2:08found our own country uh across the
50. 2:10ocean.
51. 2:12How do they get there on this boat
52. 2:14called the Mayflower? Why on earth would
53. 2:16you care what the boat was called? Uh
54. 2:18well, because the boat is really well
55. 2:20known in American culture. Um lots of
56. 2:24Americans, up to 25% of white Americans
57. 2:27claim that they have a forefather who
58. 2:29was on the Mayflower.
59. 2:32It's logical that they would claim that
60. 2:34because there are in fact some people
61. 2:36who could trace their lineage, so their
62. 2:38heritage to the Mayflower and who had
63. 2:40who in fact had truly ancestors on the
64. 2:43Mayflower. Um and pretty much all of
65. 2:46those are uh really wealthy and really
66. 2:49powerful families. Uh some presidents
67. 2:52have had forefathers on the Mayflower.
68. 2:54Um if you can prove your um your link
69. 2:59with the Mayflower, you can join certain
70. 3:01societies. Um those societies open a lot
71. 3:04of doors. Either way, the Mayflower,
72. 3:07especially if not exclusively among um
73. 3:10white Americans, is considered uh a
74. 3:13symbol of um courage and pride. Those
75. 3:17those courageous people uh who sailed on
76. 3:20the Mayflower and founded our country,
77. 3:22they're the fathers of the country, blah
78. 3:24blah blah. Either way, the Mayflower um
79. 3:28they wanted to sail to Virginia. That
80. 3:32was their goal. and they wanted to
81. 3:34arrive like late summer. However, uh
82. 3:37some went down on the way. They
83. 3:39suffered from some uh strong winds. They
84. 3:41traveled for longer than they wanted to.
85. 3:43So, instead of arriving here when the
86. 3:46weather was still rather balmy, they
87. 3:48arrive here in Massachusetts in
88. 3:50December. Uh Massachusetts is in the
89. 3:52north of the country. The climate would
90. 3:54be more or less comparable to North
91. 3:57Norway's climate, like the top part of
92. 4:00Finland, for example. Um, in other
93. 4:02words, it gets really, really, really,
94. 4:04really, really cold in Massachusetts in
95. 4:07December. Uh, they hadn't really
96. 4:10prepared for that. So, once again, uh,
97. 4:13about half of the Puritans die um,
98. 4:19about 8 months later. We don't know when
99. 4:21they died exactly, and we don't know why
100. 4:238 months later. Um, but that's a record
101. 4:26that we have. So, half of them had
102. 4:28passed away by uh, 8 months later. And
103. 4:31probably all of them uh would have died
104. 4:34if they hadn't run into um a native uh a
105. 4:38native American who spoke English. Um by
106. 4:42chance they ran into a Native American
107. 4:44tribe that had had contact uh during the
108. 4:48first attempt with the merchants. So
109. 4:52they spoke the language. Um and luckily
110. 4:55for these Puritans, they managed to uh
111. 4:59agree on a peace treaty. Um the settlers
112. 5:02would, you know, let them live and let
113. 5:03them keep their lands. Uh the Native
114. 5:05Americans would teach them how to
115. 5:07survive there. So basically, how do you
116. 5:10build shelter that will withstand this
117. 5:12harsh climate? How do you farm um
118. 5:16crops? Which crops will survive there?
119. 5:19um what type of animals should you uh
120. 5:22should you try to farm there? Um what
121. 5:26from the environment is edible like
122. 5:29berries and stuff like that. Um one of
123. 5:31the main things that they learned how to
124. 5:33farm there were turkeys. Um, they
125. 5:35managed to teach them how to forage for
126. 5:38cranberries and uh Um, sweet
127. 5:42potatoes, which uh you might recognize
128. 5:45as the average Thanksgiving menu today.
129. 5:49Um, and you would be right
130. 5:52because this is a picture of the first
131. 5:56Thanksgiving.
132. 5:58Um it was celebrated when these settlers
133. 6:01um
134. 6:03were able to do a harvest. So an orst um
135. 6:06and they invited the Native Americans
136. 6:08that taught them how to farm there,
137. 6:10taught them how to harvest there to uh
138. 6:12join them in eating this food together.
139. 6:15They according to legend had a party
140. 6:17that lasted for 3 days and they ate and
141. 6:19drank as much as they wanted to. Um,
142. 6:25I forgot to mention that the town that
143. 6:28they founded there, uh, is called
144. 6:30Plymouth Plymouth Colony. Sorry. Um,
145. 6:34yeah, that's pretty much all you need to
146. 6:36know about that. Um, about this
147. 6:38Thanksgiving thing. Uh, you can kind of
148. 6:40guess what happened afterwards. These
149. 6:42Native Americans had the best land
150. 6:44because they've been there for thousands
151. 6:46of years at this point and they hadn't
152. 6:49exactly expected like new guests to come
153. 6:51in. So, they took the best lands for
154. 6:53themselves, the most fertile plots of
155. 6:54land. Um, the Native Americans noticed
156. 6:57this pretty sorry, the settlers, the
157. 6:59Puritans noticed this pretty quickly.
158. 7:02Um, and also figured out, yeah, we kind
159. 7:05of know what we need to know now, don't
160. 7:06we? So maybe we should kill all of these
161. 7:09Native Americans and take their lands
162. 7:12because we they've taught us everything
163. 7:14they know. So we don't need them
164. 7:16anymore, which they then did. Uh they
165. 7:18exterminated the entire tribe that
166. 7:20helped them. Uh which is why
167. 7:23not just Columbus Day is according to
168. 7:25many the celebration of a genocide.
169. 7:28Thanksgiving is rather the same thing.
170. 7:30uh like it says in this e-card here uh
171. 7:33Thanksgiving is a celebration of land
172. 7:35pilfering and mass genocide of an entire
173. 7:37people and then just getting away with
174. 7:39it. Uh really so that's kind of what
175. 7:43happened. Uh that's the story of the
176. 7:45first Thanksgiving. Um thanks to these
177. 7:48Native American knowledge of how to
178. 7:50survive in this area. Um Plymouth's
179. 7:53colony was much more successful than
180. 7:55James Town. Um and after 7070 so 70 uh
181. 8:01after 70 years about 7,000 uh
182. 8:04inhabitants
183. 8:06were uh logged in Plymouth colony. The
184. 8:10town still exists today. It has about 2
185. 8:12to 300,000 inhabitants. So as opposed to
186. 8:16the first event which sort of literally
187. 8:18died out as these merchants died out. Uh
188. 8:21the second attempt in Massachusetts in
189. 8:231620 was rather successful depending on
190. 8:27um how you look at it. If you're a
191. 8:30settler, so a Puritan, then hooray, we
192. 8:34managed to do this. If you're a Native
193. 8:35American, this is when your misery kind
194. 8:38of starts. It won't stop for the next,
195. 8:40let's say, centuries.