30000030655l32 45 — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:46Program 18, the 1,000 forms of matter.
2. 0:53In this video, we will identify the
3. 0:56states of matter and their
4. 0:58characteristics. If we look around and
5. 1:13touch the objects that surround us, we
6. 1:16can be sure they are made of matter.
7. 1:19The houses we live in, the clothes we
8. 1:23wear, the objects we use daily, our own
9. 1:26body is made of matter. There are
10. 1:35things we don't see, like the air, that
11. 1:37are also made of matter. When we walk
12. 1:49down the street, we do it on matter;
13. 1:52cars, animals, and these trees are made
14. 1:55of matter. And right here, the river is
15. 2:02also made of matter. Matter is solid,
16. 2:08like the earth, houses, animals, and
17. 2:12plants. Liquid, like the river and the
18. 2:17water we drink, or gaseous, like the
19. 2:20air we breathe. These forms of matter
20. 2:23are called states of aggregation. What
21. 2:28are the differences between these
22. 2:30states? If we take this jar and put a
23. 2:40solid object in it, like this stone,
24. 2:45nothing happens. However, if we take a
25. 2:51liquid and put it in this same jar, the
26. 2:56liquid takes the shape of the container
27. 2:58that holds it. And gases. If we could
28. 3:06see inside that gas tank, we would see
29. 3:08that the gas occupies all available
30. 3:10space. If we take a solid material and
31. 3:16try to compress it, we can't. What
32. 3:22happens with the states of matter?
33. 3:30Let's try with this syringe to make it
34. 3:32clearer. If we fill the syringe with a
35. 3:39liquid and cover this end so it doesn't
36. 3:42leak, then press, liquids cannot be
37. 3:44compressed. But if we fill the syringe
38. 3:49with a gas, the syringe plunger moves.
39. 3:58That's because the air is being
40. 4:00compressed, but there comes a point
41. 4:02where no matter how hard we push, it
42. 4:03won't compress further. So, gases can
43. 4:08indeed be compressed. In the universe,
44. 4:14there is a fourth state of matter.
45. 4:17Plasma is like a gas, but extremely hot
46. 4:23and exists under conditions that don't
47. 4:26occur daily. Did you know that most of
48. 4:41the matter in the universe is in a
49. 4:43plasma state? Inside the sun and all
50. 4:46the stars, there is matter in a plasma
51. 4:49state, but we don't need to leave our
52. 4:59planet to find plasma. Plasma can be
53. 5:02produced artificially in a laboratory.
54. 5:13The differences in the states of matter
55. 5:16are due to how the particles of matter
56. 5:18are organized. Have you wondered how
57. 5:25particles are organized in a solid, a
58. 5:27liquid, and a gas?