YouTube transcript (2j8yo3cn9hM) — Transcript

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1. 0:00Hello everyone. Good morning, good
2. 0:03afternoon, good evening from wherever
3. 0:05you're watching. My name is
4. 0:07Midon Raymond Ryder CFSC officer, energy
5. 0:11officer, and I am your tutor for this
6. 0:15training. All right, so this training is
7. 0:17all about you becoming a pro in solar
8. 0:21energy installation. Everything you need
9. 0:23to be to know about the course and the
10. 0:26training will be explained in this
11. 0:28training. So today we're going to be
12. 0:30starting from the first module, which is
13. 0:32introduction to solar energy. We're
14. 0:36going to be looking at its benefits, its
15. 0:39application, and career opportunities
16. 0:41you can get in the solar field in our
17. 0:43country Nigeria and at large as well.
18. 0:46All right, so starting from solar
19. 0:48energy. Solar energy, as we all know, is
20. 0:51the process whereby sunlight power is
21. 0:53being converted through some processes
22. 0:56in order to generate electrical energy
23. 0:58for various uses. And then these uses
24. 1:01are going to be explained in the
25. 1:03applications of solar energy. So, you
26. 1:07know, as we all know, power outage is
27. 1:10one of the problems we have in our
28. 1:13current day world.
29. 1:15All right, and um
30. 1:17let's go into the benefits of solar
31. 1:20energy. The first benefit of solar
32. 1:22energy is that it is eco-friendly.
33. 1:25Eco-friendly in the sense that it
34. 1:27doesn't release fumes or carbons that is
35. 1:30harmful. We have a clean source of
36. 1:32energy, zero carbon, zero emission.
37. 1:35Okay, so and the second benefit of solar
38. 1:38energy is that it is easily scalable. So
39. 1:41that means you can start small
40. 1:43and scale your system to as high as
41. 1:47whatever standard you want it to be. And
42. 1:50the third benefit is that it has little
43. 1:53maintenance options. So that means you
44. 1:56can hardly call for maintenance once you
45. 1:59have a solar system. Unlike your normal
46. 2:02generator, your petrol generator or your
47. 2:05diesel generator where you have to
48. 2:07steadily maintain it. Okay? Um solar
49. 2:10energy solar system calls for little or
50. 2:14no maintenance. Um the only part of
51. 2:16maintenance will be discussed in the
52. 2:18maintenance model, which you will
53. 2:20understand properly well. So let's
54. 2:23quickly dive into the applications of
55. 2:27solar energy.
56. 2:29Solar energy is applied in different
57. 2:31sectors. Number one, residential. Number
58. 2:34two, agriculture. Number three,
59. 2:37commercial and industrial. Okay? Now, in
60. 2:40the part of residential, you can agree
61. 2:42with me that homes
62. 2:44um needs steady source of supply. And
63. 2:46solar energy can stand in for that where
64. 2:49you the home can have 24/7 power supply
65. 2:52without power outage. So you can be your
66. 2:55own PHCN. All right? Um the second
67. 3:00part, which is commercial and
68. 3:02industrial,
69. 3:04is that it can be used in businesses.
70. 3:07All right? Businesses, offices can use
71. 3:10solar energy supply to avoid power
72. 3:12outage during business transactions. In
73. 3:15the part of agriculture, it serves as a
74. 3:18solar water pumps for water storage and
75. 3:22water production. You know? Um we are
76. 3:25also looking at lighting for poultry
77. 3:27farming. Steady source of
78. 3:29supply, lighting supply. Solar energy
79. 3:32can also grant that. So you see, it is
80. 3:35very useful in our all day-to-day
81. 3:38activities.
82. 3:39Now let's dive into the career
83. 3:41opportunities in Nigeria.
84. 3:44Solar energy gives different career
85. 3:46opportunities in Nigeria
86. 3:49in the sense that number one, we're
87. 3:50talking about you being an installer.
88. 3:53Installer installer, a professional
89. 3:56solar installer at that. You can start
90. 3:58installing different solar products for
91. 4:00different customers who needs it. You
92. 4:03can apply as a partner for top leading
93. 4:06solar brands to become their installer.
94. 4:08And once you become an installer for a
95. 4:12top leading brand, you start getting
96. 4:14installation jobs. Where you'll be going
97. 4:17out to install various systems that
98. 4:18comes for various customers who have
99. 4:20purchased from that brand. Okay, so you
100. 4:23start earning from there. So, another
101. 4:26way you can earn from solar energy is
102. 4:29when you have SME projects from
103. 4:31governments. Okay, SME projects like
104. 4:34street lights installation.
105. 4:37Water pump installation for a community.
106. 4:40Water pump installation for a farm.
107. 4:43You can see Once you start getting these
108. 4:45projects, you can start earning. And
109. 4:48that's the one of the biggest part of
110. 4:50the career. You earn massively from
111. 4:53government insured projects. Another way
112. 4:56you can earn from
113. 4:58um solar energy is also why you use it
114. 5:01as to create
115. 5:04jobs for for people. What I mean create
116. 5:07jobs is that you be creating a local
117. 5:10workshop where you can teach people who
118. 5:12are interested in the field to learn it
119. 5:14and also go into the field to practice.
120. 5:16So, you are actually give them jobs.
121. 5:19So, that's another career opportunity in
122. 5:22the field.
123. 5:24You see? So, the field is very very
124. 5:27beneficial to our everyday life. Another
125. 5:29career opportunity you can get in solar
126. 5:31energy is that if you can become a
127. 5:33distributor of solar products, mini grid
128. 5:36products I mean, to rural areas who has
129. 5:40little or no power supply. You can start
130. 5:43earning as a partner. We have solar
131. 5:45brands, top brands like My Solar,
132. 5:48Sonking Remotes, and all of that. Those
133. 5:50are examples where you can become their
134. 5:52partner and distributor, and you start
135. 5:55distributing these products to different
136. 5:57rural areas who needs it. That way, you
137. 5:59start getting paid from this. And also,
138. 6:02even while you install these products,
139. 6:04you still get paid. So, you see, all
140. 6:06around the business, you can even
141. 6:08venture into all these parts of this
142. 6:11business. Another way you can also earn
143. 6:13from solar energy is being a maintainer.
144. 6:16A maintainer where you maintain
145. 6:18different solar products. So, you see,
146. 6:21that is the way you can earn. So, you
147. 6:23you can believe with me that solar
148. 6:25energy is very uh beneficial and also
149. 6:29very lucrative. Types of solar system.
150. 6:31So, we have three types of solar system.
151. 6:33Number one, we have the grid-tie system.
152. 6:36Number two, we have the off-grid system.
153. 6:38And number three, we have the hybrid
154. 6:39system. So, I will start by explaining
155. 6:42the grid-tie system. What is the
156. 6:43grid-tie system? This is a system
157. 6:45whereby power is coming from the solar
158. 6:48panels directly into the inverter, and
159. 6:51the inverter converts this power into
160. 6:53electrical energy. So, that means there
161. 6:55is no batteries to store this energy.
162. 6:58This is rather used in farms where they
163. 7:01want solar pump, where they want the
164. 7:03solar energy to pump the water. You
165. 7:05understand? So, grid-tie energy is used
166. 7:08for also daylight power. Especially some
167. 7:12areas where they use meter in getting
168. 7:15daylight power. They can use grid-tie
169. 7:17energy to have power during the day.
170. 7:19Then, at night, there will be power cut
171. 7:21off. That's for grid-tie energy. Now,
172. 7:24we'll go over to off-grid. Off-grid,
173. 7:26this is a system whereby it is being
174. 7:28connected from panels to battery and to
175. 7:31inverter.
176. 7:33And in this in this case, solar is the
177. 7:35only one giving power supply. So, there
178. 7:38is no external source of supply to the
179. 7:41to the household or to even charge the
180. 7:44system. So, solar energy is the only
181. 7:47source of supply in this case. That's
182. 7:49for off-grid. And you can agree with me
183. 7:52that there are so many homes that stay
184. 7:54in off-grid areas, whereby they rely on
185. 7:58solar energy only as a source of supply.
186. 8:01So, that's an off-grid system. This is a
187. 8:02system whereby it's the only source of
188. 8:05supply, so it is being installed to a
189. 8:08massive capacity so that can carry for
190. 8:11longer time. So, we go over to hybrid.
191. 8:14This consists of grid-tie and
192. 8:19it consists of grid-tie and off-grid,
193. 8:20okay? This consists of a system that
194. 8:23comes with panels, inverters, and
195. 8:26battery. And whereas an external source
196. 8:28of energy can also be used.
197. 8:32Okay? An external source of energy can
198. 8:34also be used. So, in this case, solar
199. 8:36energy is also used. External source of
200. 8:38energy is used in charging the system
201. 8:41and also used in supplying light to the
202. 8:44home or to the purpose which is being
203. 8:46installed for. So, that is it for types
204. 8:48of solar system, guys. We have grid-tie,
205. 8:51we have off-grid, and we have hybrid
206. 8:54system.
207. 8:55The components of the solar system
208. 8:58And this components includes
209. 9:01One, we have solar panels. Now, solar
210. 9:03panels is responsible for the collecting
211. 9:06of sunlight through photovoltaic cells
212. 9:09that is made up of silicon. Now, these
213. 9:12cells convert this direct sunlight,
214. 9:15which is heat energy, into electrical
215. 9:17energy, direct current, which is DC
216. 9:20current.
217. 9:21So, solar panels produces DC current.
218. 9:25That's for solar panels. And we have
219. 9:27types of solar panels. We have
220. 9:29monocrystalline solar panels,
221. 9:31polycrystalline solar panels, and
222. 9:33thin-film solar panels. Now, these solar
223. 9:36panels ranges in different wattages and
224. 9:39different volts. We have from
225. 9:42250 W, 300 W, 450 W, 400 W, 500 W, 550 W
226. 9:49for solar panels. And this volts ranges
227. 9:51as well.
228. 9:52Now, we go over to the next one, which
229. 9:56is inverters.
230. 9:57We have three types of inverters.
231. 9:59The first type of inverters is modified
232. 10:02sine wave inverter, popularly known as a
233. 10:05charged inverter.
234. 10:06We have the second one, which is pure
235. 10:07sine wave inverters, which comes in two
236. 10:10forms. One, hybrid form and transformer
237. 10:14based form.
238. 10:16Now, talking about charged inverters,
239. 10:18they are inverters that are made up of
240. 10:20small components that doesn't require
241. 10:23much loads. So, they are used for minor
242. 10:26loads
243. 10:28because they produce minor currents and
244. 10:31minor output in wattages. This inverters
245. 10:34ranges from at least
246. 10:3660 W and up to 4,000 W of power.
247. 10:42Talking about pure sine wave inverter,
248. 10:45we have the transformer based inverter.
249. 10:47This type of inverter
250. 10:49works in this format. It produces pure
251. 10:52sine wave energy for usage. And
252. 10:56it comes in a format where
253. 10:58it can use utility to also charge the
254. 11:01battery and it can give out light.
255. 11:05So, it uses utility to charge the
256. 11:08battery and gives out light. That's for
257. 11:11transformer based. Whereas in hybrid
258. 11:13inverters, hybrid inverters are the high
259. 11:16class of inverters where it is being
260. 11:18embedded with inbuilt MPPT solar charge
261. 11:21controllers that collect high voltage
262. 11:24panels. This inverters are one of the
263. 11:27top grades and one of the best when it
264. 11:29comes to installing a solar system. The
265. 11:32work of inverter is to give out pure
266. 11:34sine wave energy as well. And also
267. 11:37panels can be linked directly into this
268. 11:39inverters. This inverters can also
269. 11:42serve as communications to various apps
270. 11:44on your phone where you can monitor the
271. 11:46overall
272. 11:48performance of the inverter. Now, this
273. 11:50panel send in direct voltage into this
274. 11:52inverter. This inverter can now send out
275. 11:56output from both the solar panels and
276. 11:59also from the batteries. Now, this
277. 12:01inverter also work in this form. Solar
278. 12:03panel it can collect energy from solar
279. 12:05panels, be charging the battery, and not
280. 12:08allow energy go out of the battery. So,
281. 12:10that means charging can be occurring
282. 12:12from this inverter while it is also
283. 12:15supplying same energy from this PV
284. 12:17panel. So, it is doing the work of
285. 12:20charging and also the work of converting
286. 12:22DC energy to electrical energy. So, that
287. 12:24means you have longer daylight usage.
288. 12:27And you have enough energy stored in
289. 12:30your battery for night usage. So, you
290. 12:32see hybrid inverter is one of the high
291. 12:34class of inverters you can get.
292. 12:37That's it for inverters. We'll go over
293. 12:40to solar charge controllers. We have two
294. 12:42types of charge controllers, which is
295. 12:44PWM charge controller and MPPT solar
296. 12:48charge controller.
297. 12:49Now, the picture below will show you the
298. 12:53diagram of PWM
299. 12:56and MPPT, which is full name identified.
300. 13:00Now, let's explain.
301. 13:02PWM solar charge controllers are the
302. 13:05least and cheapest type types of charge
303. 13:07controllers that um
304. 13:09doesn't require too much high voltage
305. 13:12from solar panels. It charges major
306. 13:15minor solar systems like a 12-V system,
307. 13:18a 24-V system, and maybe a 48-V which is
308. 13:22not really required. But, a 12-V and
309. 13:2424-V system are the best when it comes
310. 13:26to PWM solar charge controller. Its work
311. 13:29is to receive energy from solar panels
312. 13:32and send it to battery for charging. So,
313. 13:35it regulates the charge that comes in
314. 13:38from the solar panels to the battery to
315. 13:41avoid overcharge. Because overcharge
316. 13:44destroys battery health and it also
317. 13:47reduces longevity of the battery. So,
318. 13:50the work of the solar charge controller
319. 13:51there is to regulate the amount of
320. 13:53charge that comes from the solar panel
321. 13:55directly into the battery. The PWM solar
322. 13:59charge controller works in a 12 to 24
323. 14:02volt format perfectly well. So, it's
324. 14:05perfectly used for 12-volt and 24-volt
325. 14:08system. That's for PWM charge
326. 14:10controllers. MPPT charge controllers are
327. 14:13like the higher class of solar charge
328. 14:15controllers because it accepts high
329. 14:18voltage.
330. 14:19It accepts high voltage in the sense
331. 14:21that MPPT charge controller charges
332. 14:24systems up to 48 volts.
333. 14:27Because it collects high voltage up to
334. 14:29at least 150 volts from solar panels.
335. 14:32So, it also gives out high amperage of
336. 14:34currents for faster charging. It also
337. 14:38has a cooling system that even while
338. 14:40this current is being increased, the
339. 14:41system is being cooled down and charging
340. 14:43process doesn't obstruct.
341. 14:46It has
342. 14:47higher faster and higher charging speed.
343. 14:50All right, for high system. So, you see
344. 14:52the difference. PWM charge controller
345. 14:55doesn't is not used in high hybrid
346. 14:58system. While MPPT solar charge
347. 15:01controllers are the one used in hybrid
348. 15:03system. So, that's it for components. We
349. 15:06have listed out solar panels, we have
350. 15:08listed out inverters, we have listed out
351. 15:10charge controllers. Now, for batteries,
352. 15:12we have three types of batteries, we
353. 15:14have tubular batteries, we have
354. 15:16lead-acid batteries, and we have lithium
355. 15:18ion batteries. While all of these
356. 15:21pictures and videos will be displayed
357. 15:23to see the types of batteries I just
358. 15:25listed. Tubular is the one that is being
359. 15:28refilled with water. Lead acid is made
360. 15:30out of sealed lead acid, while lithium
361. 15:33ion is made up of lithium ion material.
362. 15:37That's it for batteries.