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24 Hours in Hell: Australia's Darkest Day (WW1 Documentary) — Transcript

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0:00by July 1916 on the Western Front the
0:03infamous Battle of the Som was raging
0:07since the start of the month bloody
0:08assaults had been launched by British
0:10and French troops with devastating
0:13results stuck in stalemate the Allies
0:16searched for any opportunity to weaken
0:18the German defenses and force a much
0:20needed breakthrough surprisingly Allied
0:23eyes turned North away from the Som to
0:26launch a diversionary assault in the
0:28hopes of preventing German reinforce
0:30ments moving south that battle destined
0:33to go down as the bloodiest day in
0:35Australian military history was to be
0:37fought here outside the village of
0:41Fel in order to tell the story of Fel we
0:45need to go back in ed in
0:471914 when Britain had joined the war
0:49that August she had done so not as a
0:51nation but as an Empire drawing on vast
0:55Manpower reserves from India Canada New
0:57Zealand and of course Australia all were
1:01volunteers but arriving in Europe took
1:04time and for the anzacs galipoli would
1:06be the first destination for many which
1:09meant that the Western Front for the
1:10time being at least remained a largely
1:13British and French Affair in that first
1:16four year of trench warfare on the
1:17Western Front the Allies had suffered
1:19serious
1:20setbacks French assaults along their
1:23much larger section of the Western Front
1:25had been bloodily repulsed in most
1:27places and as a result the British had
1:29Tak Tak up more of the offensive burden
1:32They too had seen precious little
1:34success assaults with Indian support at
1:38new Chappelle at e at orber Ridge festar
1:41and loose in September had all been
1:44costly with little ground
1:46taken towards the end of 1915 Allied
1:50commanders had met at Shanti to discuss
1:52the plans for the following year which
1:54again were offensive in nature the
1:56object of course being to drive the
1:58invading Germans from France and
2:00Belgium the main focus for 1916 was to
2:03be a joint angl French attack on the
2:05largely untouched Som sector of the
2:07front the join between the British and
2:10French
2:11armies the situation changed though in
2:13February 1916 when the Germans launched
2:16a huge offensive against the French
2:17around the town of Verda over months of
2:20fighting millions of men would be drawn
2:23into the conflict meaning that the Som
2:25offensive as a result would become a
2:27largely british-led battle the idea
2:29behind the battle of the Som generally
2:31would be a limited advance to draw away
2:33German troops from the verdance sector
2:35relieving pressure on the struggling
2:37French and in turn adding pressure to
2:39the Manpower limited Germans it's fair
2:42to say that when the British assault was
2:44finally launched on the 1st of July 1916
2:47after an enormous week-long artillery
2:49barrage things didn't go to plan in many
2:52cases German lines remained unbroken as
2:55inexperienced but determined troops
2:57tried to batter their way through
2:58well-sited and heavily man German
3:02defenses by the end of that opening day
3:04the British had suffered a staggering
3:0757,000 casualties leaving more than
3:0919,000 dead on the
3:12battlefield despite this horrific start
3:15the fight simply had to go
3:17on enter the Australians a mixture of
3:20hardened Veterans of the galipoli
3:22campaign and new reinforcements who had
3:24arrived direct from Australia and who
3:26were yet to see battle having arrived in
3:29the quiet at armantier sector of the
3:31Western Front in March 1916 to learn how
3:34to live and operate in trench warfare
3:36they soon picked up vital skills
3:38required for surviving on the front
3:41lines these Australians were notably
3:44strong healthy and motivated and were in
3:46fact a key asset for Allied High
3:49command as fighting raged to their South
3:52in mid July Allied intelligence began to
3:54report that the Germans too were
3:56reacting to the S by moving troops from
3:58the north southwards to shore up their
4:00hardpressed
4:02defenses to Allied mines those German
4:05troops needed to be held in place at all
4:08costs so Douglas ha would order a series
4:11of attacks to do just that including
4:13right here at
4:15Fel let's take some time to understand
4:17this part of the battlefield and just
4:19what the attackers would
4:20face the small village of Fel lies just
4:23inside the French Frontier midway
4:26between the Belgian town of e and the
4:28French town of Aras in a very flat and
4:31traditionally agricultural region the
4:34only High Ground in the area if it can
4:36even be described as that was the gentle
4:38rise the Germans had anchored their
4:40defenses on known as The orur
4:43Ridge this had in fact been attacked
4:45with no success in 1915 but since then
4:48had become a relatively quiet Zone that
4:51said it protected the German held city
4:54of Lil and as such the occupiers had
4:56heavily reinforced the area and built
4:58Stout defenses including numerous
5:01concrete pill boxes on the outskirts of
5:03HL let's wind the clock back and overlay
5:06a fascinating 196 dated aerial
5:09photograph to see what the ground looked
5:11like at the time as we see here the
5:14German defenses in this sector were
5:15several lines deep linked by
5:17communication trenches and all
5:20interconnected outside froml we can
5:22clearly see the Allied lines German
5:24lines and the infamous No Man's Land
5:26separating them less easy to see but
5:29very important in this area were a
5:31series of Brooks and small rivers
5:33crossing the landscape Each of which
5:34presented an obstacle to any attacker
5:37the key to the German defenses in this
5:39sector was this area known as the
5:41Sugarloaf jutting out into No Man's Land
5:44it offered the possibility of firing
5:46sideways or Enad into the attacking
5:49troops to the rear of these main lines
5:52were a series of further defenses
5:53identified by a distinctly turning Road
5:56known locally as rou bong beyond that
5:59that was an area studded with concrete
6:01pill boxes surrounding fromel itself
6:04which lay a little over a kilometer to
6:06the
6:06rear let's switch over to the Drone to
6:09see the ground today many of those same
6:12areas can be easily identified here from
6:15behind the Allied lines we see the
6:17patchy chalk outlines in the ground
6:19showing where trenches once ran in the
6:21middle distance are two flag poles
6:23marking the former German front line
6:26beyond that we see that distinctly
6:28turning Road known as Rouge Bon with the
6:31village of Fel obscured by Haze in the
6:34distance and then as we move around
6:36further to the right with the German
6:38front lines in the middle of the screen
6:40again with the remains of trenches still
6:42identifiable in the fields we reach a
6:44cluster of houses and another turning
6:46road on the near side of which was a
6:49feature known as the
6:50Sugarloaf finally as we turn back
6:53towards the British lines we see the
6:55north south running LS Brook a large
6:58drainage ditch which importantly crossed
7:01through the battlefield running through
7:03the German positions at the Sugarloaf
7:05and out into No Man's Land let's take a
7:08look at another aerial image this higher
7:11definition photograph taken on the day
7:13of the battle to come placed over the
7:15exact spot more than a century on shows
7:18the main German lines also identifiable
7:21here are numerous large craters caused
7:23by Mine Warfare which had gone on in the
7:25months before also notable is the
7:29complex it of the German lines in this
7:31area with mutually supporting positions
7:34dug in machine guns and of course
7:35excellent Field of Fire across the pan
7:38flat ground a very tough nut to crack
7:42but cracked it had to be a job that was
7:44to fall on two divisions of the British
7:4611th core the 31st and the 61st but to
7:50further Aid those efforts General Hing
7:53the core Commander would be lent one new
7:55formation the Australian fifth division
7:58along with Australian
8:00artillery planning began to attack
8:02across a 6,000 M front on the 13th of
8:05July but very quickly those plans
8:07changed when much of the artillery
8:09support was reduced meaning the revised
8:12plan would now be a two- division
8:13assault with the British 61st on the
8:16right and the Australian fifth on the
8:18left around 20,000 men in
8:21all facing them across sow man's land
8:23with these men troops of the experienced
8:26sixth Bavarian Reserve Infantry Division
8:29Men Who knew the area well and have been
8:30involved in fighting over this very
8:32ground before amongst their ranks was a
8:35young unknown soldier named Adolf
8:39Hitler let's take a moment to understand
8:42a few commonly used terms in the Great
8:44War in reference to military units what
8:47exactly they represent and how they
8:49interconnect in the military structure
8:51of the
8:52time the most basic unit in the first
8:55world war was the section made up of
8:58usually 12 men and led by a Corporal
9:01four sections made up a platoon of
9:04around 50 men under the command of a
9:06liutenant or second left tenant with a
9:08sergeant
9:10assisting four platoon made up a company
9:13officially 227 men often commanded by a
9:17major or a
9:19captain those four companies along with
9:22the machine gun section Battalion
9:24headquarters and various specialist
9:25troops made a
9:27battalion commanded by left liutenant
9:29Colonel it was on paper at least around
9:3230 officers and a th000 men in
9:35all for most of the war four battalions
9:38formed a brigade commanded
9:41unsurprisingly by a brigadier general
9:44again with various attached troops it
9:46was about 4,000 men in
9:48total finally three brigades usually
9:52made a division commanded by a major
9:55general this consisted of a total of 12
9:58infantry battalions three field
10:00artillery brigades two engineer field
10:02companies one Signal Company one
10:05divisional ammunition column three field
10:07ambulances and various additional
10:09specialist troops all told a complement
10:12of some 16 to 18,000 men so what about
10:16the plan here's general hking orders
10:19issued to each division each division
10:22will attack with three brigades in line
10:24each Brigade with two assaulting
10:25battalions and each Battalion on a front
10:27of assault of about 350 50 yards the
10:30remaining battalions of the division
10:31will be kept in reserve and will be used
10:33to assault positions whilst the
10:35artillery barrage continues the Infantry
10:37are to show their bayonets over the
10:39parapet dummy heads and shoulders will
10:40be shown over the parit and officers
10:42will issue orders and whistle in order
10:44to induce the enemy to man their parit
10:46at the end of each of those lifts the
10:48artillery will shorten onto the enemy's
10:50front parit and continue the intense
10:52bombardment of the enemy's front and
10:54support line this rather odd plan
10:57actually comes about from the original
10:58intention in this sector a faint attack
11:01the idea being as described to induce
11:04the enemy to come out of cover only to
11:06be hit by artillery the ruse to be
11:08repeated multiple times in a brutal game
11:11of the boy who cried
11:13wolf except with plans changed during
11:15the buildup the attack would no longer
11:17be a faint but real one major problem
11:20here though was artillery Australian
11:23Gunners in 1960 and were still very
11:25inexperienced the guns themselves
11:27inaccurate the fuses unreliable able and
11:29complex bombardments over large areas
11:32very hard to coordinate if the
11:34bombardment failed the attackers would
11:36be left very
11:38vulnerable it's at this point before the
11:40battle we have a moment of controversy
11:42after having viewed the battlefield and
11:44examined the area known as the Sugarloaf
11:46a staff officer reported his concerns to
11:48Sir Douglas ha who in turn sent a
11:50message to General hking to the effect
11:52that the attack should only go ahead if
11:54one he has sufficient artillery and two
11:57he believes he can not only C capture
11:59but also hold the German positions
12:01against the inevitable
12:03Counterattack about the same time news
12:06arrived that the German troops who had
12:07previously been believed to have been
12:09marching to the South were no longer a
12:11threat the attack could have been called
12:14off there and then it wasn't there's one
12:17more vital consideration we need to make
12:20here which would have a major outcome on
12:21the battle the weather Fel is in an area
12:25of a very high water table and heavy
12:27rain combined with artillery smash
12:29Drainage Systems quickly led to flooding
12:32as a result of previous flooding
12:34trenches here were not really trenches
12:36at all but rather breast Works built up
12:38above ground to keep them dry and so
12:41were visible to both sides in addition
12:45that ditch running across the
12:46battlefield the LA Brook had flooded
12:49several times and actually forced the
12:50Germans to abandon much of this section
12:52of front two lines instead moving their
12:55support and Reserve lines much further
12:57back beyond the flooding
12:59when this original photograph series was
13:01taken that wasn't known but from the air
13:04it looks like a fully manned position in
13:07fact water generally in the form of rain
13:09would play Havoc with the attack plans
13:12the original attack was delayed by 2
13:14days due to heavy downpours and when
13:16finally the Allied guns opened at 11:00
13:18a.m. on the morning of the 19th of July
13:20for a 7-hour bombardment most men who
13:23made their way to the attack positions
13:24were already thoroughly exhausted as the
13:27trenches filled and men waited for the
13:30moment to advance many understandably
13:32thought of home and some even managed to
13:35rush a last letter to their loved ones
13:38major Jeff McCrae was amongst
13:40them today I lead my Battalion in an
13:43assault on the German lies and I pray
13:45God that I may come through all right
13:47and bring honor to our name if not I
13:49will at least have laid down my life for
13:51you and my country which is the greatest
13:53privilege one can ask for farewell dear
13:56people the hour approacher
14:00at 5:45 on the 19th of July the first
14:03whistles blew and Men emerged from their
14:05trenches to begin the advance in four
14:07waves with the leading waves heading
14:09directly for the German front line on
14:11the right the British 61st division were
14:13beginning their attack on their extreme
14:16right flank the men of the war shars
14:18pushed forward and even managed to gain
14:20the German front lines before pressing
14:22on to the German support trench upon
14:25reaching it it was realized that the
14:27Allied artillery had had little effect
14:29it was heavily manned and German guns
14:31were firing from both front and flank
14:34unable to go forward and unable to be
14:36reinforced 30 minutes after the first
14:39wave charge the survivors were cut off
14:41and driven from their position by a
14:43fierce German
14:44Counterattack to their left the glossers
14:47met a similar fate hit by German
14:49artillery before even going over the top
14:52their trenches had become clogged with
14:53wounded and men were forced to scramble
14:55over the parapets only to be hit by a
14:57hail of machine gun fire from 100 yard
15:00range tragically the same pattern
15:03continued the bark shars to their left
15:06were also hit by artillery in their own
15:07front line and cut down as they headed
15:10for the few gaps in the enemy wire at
15:12which German machine Gunners in the
15:14Sugarloaf had take an aim within just an
15:17hour all attacks have been beaten back
15:19with horrendous losses and the Germans
15:22were in full
15:24control let's move left to the Aussies
15:26with fifth division un like the British
15:29on the right the Australian troops met
15:31with mixed success when leading their
15:33attack of the three brigades to advance
15:36only one the 15th was repelled with
15:39heavy losses one of the major problems
15:41in the 15th Brigade sector was the lay
15:44Brook that drainage ditch crossing the
15:46battlefield as the leading waves of the
15:48Aussies came under Fire Crossing no
15:50man's land they found themselves
15:52naturally drawn to the brook which
15:53seemed to offer some cover in the pan
15:56flat ground tragically they couldn't
15:59have been more wrong just a little way
16:02further down where the brook entered the
16:04German lines the enemy had set up
16:06machine guns and now poured fire
16:07directly down this Brook turning the
16:09stream and Banks into a charal house of
16:12dead and dying men there will be no
16:15breakthrough for the men of the 15th
16:17Brigade to their left the leading waves
16:20of the 14th and eth brigades had left
16:21their trenches at 545 p.m. and have made
16:24good progress passing through the enemy
16:26wire and into the German front lines the
16:29area today being marked by the
16:30Australian Memorial Park in which some
16:32of the original German bunkers can still
16:34be seen it was at this point that
16:37realization dawned on the attackers
16:40there were very few Germans to be seen
16:43in fact those lines clearly visible here
16:46on the aerial photo had been abandoned
16:48long before water logged smashed up by
16:51artillery and now coming under heavy
16:53German fire the Australians determined
16:56pushed on reaching the German second
16:59line minutes later again it was found to
17:01be virtually abandoned having been
17:03inundated by flooding of the L Brook
17:06these movements had also caused
17:08considerable confusion and contact
17:10between brigades battalions and
17:12companies was incredibly hard to
17:15maintain it was now that an everpresent
17:17problem of the first world war reared
17:19its head
17:21Communications with the battle quickly
17:23descending into chaos and conflicting
17:25reports returning from the front lines a
17:27message was received by the 61st
17:29division that the Australians to their
17:31left were making progress as a result
17:33the 61st resolved to renew the attack
17:36south of the Sugarloaf at 900 p.m. but
17:39asked the Australian reserves of 15th
17:41Brigade to be sent in to the north of
17:43the Sugarloaf to support them and so the
17:46Aussie 58th Battalion was detailed for
17:48the
17:49job this all makes sense except at 820
17:53p.m. the proposed 61st division attack
17:55was cancelled by General hking his
17:57orders reaching the men minutes before
17:59the planned assault tragically in the
18:02confusion the cancellation message never
18:05reached the 58th Battalion and they
18:07Advanced alone at 900 p.m. against the
18:10most formidable part of the entire
18:12German defense they were practically
18:16annihilated let's recap the situation by
18:19about 9:30 p.m. the entire 61st division
18:22attack has stalled with no progress the
18:25Sugarloaf remains in German hands and
18:27the 58th Australian Battalion had just
18:29been slaughtered in an unsupported
18:32assault only on the extreme left of the
18:34line was progress being made but those
18:37men isolated were now holding flooded
18:40former German trenches and as the only
18:42real threat on the battlefield were now
18:44the focus of all German
18:46attention private William Barry recalled
18:49the situation as the enemy turned his
18:51artillery towards the
18:53Aussies I was in no man's land near the
18:56German parit when a light of my platoon
18:58came up and asked me to show him the way
19:00across the wires as he was wounded in
19:02the head and bleeding
19:03freely after helping him on his way I
19:06returned only to meet another poor lad
19:08with his arm shattered and he wanted to
19:10know if there was any stretch of bears
19:12about during all that night I never saw
19:15any I helped him as far as the barbed
19:18wire and again returned the enemy was
19:21now shelling us unmercifully and the men
19:23were in chaos for by the way they were
19:26shouting out there was nobody in charge
19:28of the men
19:29the German artillery fire was growing
19:31fiercer every minute it was hellish and
19:35their shells were Landing with great
19:36accuracy and killing the boys like
19:39flies about 10:00 I shifted my position
19:42and was able to get into the German
19:44trench no sooner was I there than a
19:46shell struck the top of the parit with a
19:49terrific explosion just above my head
19:52and I remembered
19:54nothing as Darkness descended on the
19:56battlefield the situation for the
19:58Australians still fighting in the German
20:00lines was becoming clear they were alone
20:03holding flooded and badly battered
20:05German trenches and with most officers
20:07and no's now casualties to the
20:09increasing fire the fighting descended
20:11into close- range melees with groups of
20:14men desperately trying to hold off ever
20:16increasing German numbers as enemy
20:18reserves began to pressurize the
20:20isolated Aussies repeated messages were
20:23sent back asking for further Supply and
20:25reinforcement throughout the night but
20:27with German artillery hammering the
20:29trenches and the guns in the Sugarloaf
20:31strafing No Man's Land none was
20:34forthcoming the long expected German
20:36Counterattack to seal the Aussie's fate
20:38finally came at 1:00 a.m. seeing the
20:41enemy forming up a young leftenant with
20:43the 53rd Battalion decided to act
20:45realizing he had to break up the enemy
20:48attack he handed out the last of his
20:49ammunition to his men lined up his small
20:51force and gave the signal to
20:54charge hit by a storm of Steelers they
20:57left their precarious shelter the 53rd
20:59were cut down as the survivors scrambled
21:02back into whatever cover they could find
21:05the only surviving senior officer in the
21:07Enemy Lines at this time was Colonel
21:09Cass commanding the 54th
21:12Battalion the signals he sent that night
21:14still survive and shine a light on the
21:17deteriorating situation for the
21:20Australians 3:00 a.m. Germans coming
21:23into our
21:25position 3:20 a.m. position serious no
21:30grenades and Germans
21:33massing his last message read position
21:36almost desperate enemy temporarily
21:39checked but do get our guns to work at
21:42once please 503d lost confidence and
21:46withdrawing if they give way to my right
21:49rear I must withdraw or be surrounded
21:59out of ammunition and heavily
22:00outnumbered over the next few hours
22:02groups of exhausted troops began trying
22:04to slip backwards towards their own
22:06lines but with Germans on both flanks
22:09and even working behind the Australians
22:11many were hit as they tried to
22:13withdraw losing men all the time there
22:16was no chance of success and finally at
22:207:50 a.m. the order came for all troops
22:23to withdraw to their original lines and
22:25by 9:00 a.m. the Battle of Fel was
22:30over for those fortunate enough to make
22:32it back to their own lines the scene
22:34they left behind was one of Carnage with
22:37thousands of British and Australian dead
22:38and wounded littering the
22:40battlefield over the next few days many
22:43of the survivors would venture into No
22:45Man's Land once again this time looking
22:47for their missing mates amongst them was
22:51Sergeant Simon Fraser who repeatedly
22:53braved enemy fire in search of the
22:55Wounded reportedly hearing on one
22:58Journey the words don't leave me cobba
23:01he didn't the memorial today which
23:04stands on the old German front line
23:06commemorates those actions of Sergeant
23:08Fraser and so many other men in the
23:10aftermath of
23:12frl when finally the dusted settled
23:15after the assault the butcher's bill
23:17could be counted it was a horrific one
23:20the British had lost
23:221,547 men killed wounded or missing
23:26their comrades in the fifth austral
23:28austalian division had lost a staggering
23:325,533 making that July day in 1916 the
23:36worst 24 hours in Australian military
23:40history perhaps the scale of the loss is
23:43best summed up by medical officer Alfred
23:46Langan for 16 hours we worked with blood
23:50up to our elbows on the poor battered
23:52wrecks that were brought to us in the
23:54dugouts that were not wide enough to
23:56swing a cat in not high enough to stand
23:59in an upright position men with
24:02shattered arms staggered in carrying or
24:04dragging men with battered legs and
24:06begged us to attend to their more
24:08unfortunate mates first God it made you
24:12humble and brought tears to your eyes
24:14I'll never forget this stunt as long as
24:16I live if ever there was a living hell
24:18that night and morning was
24:21it and there the story might end but the
24:25Battle of Fel is unique in that regard
24:28in the months and even years following
24:30that awful fight many of the missing
24:32were discovered across the old no man's
24:34land often joining the ranks of the
24:35unknown Fallen of the Great War but many
24:39more remained missing for a staggering
24:4190
24:42years it wasn't until historians tracing
24:45the Battle of Fel came across German
24:47records of the time that that all
24:49changed it was ultimately discovered
24:51that many of those Australians who had
24:53last been seen inside the German lions
24:55and of whom no Trace could be found had
24:58actually been buried in a mass Grave by
25:00the enemy in the days following the
25:01fight a grave which had since been lost
25:04to the passage of time finally in 2008
25:09an archaeological survey was undertaken
25:11on the edge of Fel Village during which
25:15remains were discovered ultimately some
25:18250 Fallen Australian and British
25:21soldiers were recovered from a single
25:23Mass burial just here at the edge of a
25:26location known as pheasant would each
25:29body was meticulously searched with
25:32personal items kitten and Equipment
25:33recorded along with anthropological
25:35surveys being carried out and crucially
25:38DNA
25:40taken back in Australia a huge campaign
25:43was launched those who had relatives
25:45known to be missing at the Battle of Fel
25:47were asked to come forward to provide
25:49their own DNA samples for comparison
25:51with the fallen in the hope that some
25:53might be
25:55identified as of 2023
25:58173 of those men now lie under a
26:01headstone inscribed with their own
26:04name because of the unprecedented number
26:07of bodies discovered it was in fact
26:08decided to build a new Cemetery close to
26:11the battlefield at Fel today known as
26:14Pheasant Wood military cemetery it
26:16contains 248 Australians of whom 75
26:20remain unknown and a further two
26:22unidentified British casualties of the
26:25battle in 2010 the austral Australians
26:28once again returned to Fel on mass this
26:32time in peace and more than 90 years
26:35after they fell in battle the missing of
26:38Fel finally received the burial they
26:42deserved of course the story of the
26:44Australian Imperial force on the Western
26:46Front would go on with many more bitter
26:48battles to come if you found this
26:51episode interesting then be sure to
26:52check out the other videos in this
26:53series to learn more about the
26:55Australians in the first World War
26:58that's all this time we'll see you again
27:00soon

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