【大正時代】234 忙しい人のための大正時代【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:01Hello, I will talk about the Taishō era this time.
2. 0:06Since the Taishō era lasted only 15 years, many people may think that its impression is weak.
3. 0:12So, let's take a look at the flow of the Taishō era in this video.
4. 0:17People who do not understand the Taishō era often do not understand the Meiji era.
5. 0:22So let's look back on the Meiji era together.
6. 0:25The beginning of the Meiji era was the defeat of the Tokugawa shogunate shogunate by the forces of the Meiji oligarchy of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen clans .
7. 0:32Then, in the Meiji era, the power of the Meiji oligarchy gained power.
8. 0:36However, people who thought, "I can't let them do what they want," gathered and formed a political party.
9. 0:43There was a conflict between the Meiji oligarchy who did not want to leave politics to political parties and the political parties who wanted to participate in politics.
10. 0:52This is the state of the Meiji era.
11. 0:54That was my rehearsal.
12. 0:55In the Taishō era, Meiji oligarchy and political parties had a compromise relationship.
13. 1:01The representative of the Meiji oligarchy at that time was Tarō Katsura of the Chōshū Domain .
14. 1:05The representative of the political party is KINMOCHI SAIONJI of Rikken Seiyūkai.
15. 1:09Due to the unspoken rule that these two take turns as Prime Minister, politics was temporarily stable.
16. 1:16The reason for the collapse of that stability was the military.
17. 1:20Just before entering the Taishō era, there was the Russo‐Japanese War.
18. 1:25Japan won that battle, but the next war was inevitable at any time.
19. 1:31So the military's task at this time was to prepare for the next war.
20. 1:35So the army asked the government for funds to increase the army.
21. 1:41But the government, having spent too much money on the war and being poor, was embarrassed by the request.
22. 1:49The Prime Minister at that time was KINMOCHI SAIONJI of the political party.
23. 1:53He reluctantly declined funding.
24. 1:57And the army got angry.
25. 2:00The military said, "If you don't give me money, I will get in your way."
26. 2:06And the power of the political party was angry.
27. 2:08At that time, the army was in the stronghold of the domain Meiji oligarchy, so the political party protested, saying, 'That is the tyranny of the Meiji oligarchy and the army.'
28. 2:16The next prime minister was Tarō Katsura, a Meiji oligarchy .
29. 2:20The people were also angry with it.
30. 2:22People gathered in the Diet building and shouted to overthrow Tarō Katsura's cabinet, which turned into a riot.
31. 2:27Due to the resistance of the political parties and the people, the Cabinet of Tarō Katsura was forced to resign en masse.
32. 2:33In this way, the Taishō era was the era when people began to participate in politics.
33. 2:38Many times, when politics did not reflect the opinions of the people, the people went on a rampage and changed politics.
34. 2:45One of the words used to describe the Taishō era is “people,” but there is another word.
35. 2:51That is "internationalization".
36. 2:52World War I was the reason for globalization.
37. 2:57World War I was primarily a war between Russia, France and Great Britain against Germany and Austria.
38. 3:04World War I forced the great powers, who had previously focused on divisions in China, to turn their attention to Europe.
39. 3:11The main battlefield is in Europe, far away from Japan.
40. 3:16As the great powers disappeared from China, Japan entered the First World War, thinking that now was an opportunity.
41. 3:23Japan entered the war on the British side on the grounds of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance that had been signed at that time, and declared war on Germany.
42. 3:30Japan then expanded its power by attacking German bases and territories in China and the South Pacific.
43. 3:37Besides that, World War I had a great impact on the world.
44. 3:42The war was thought to be over soon, but it turned out to be a four-year long war, exhausting the nations of Europe.
45. 3:48Then, the United States emerged as the world's number one country, replacing the United Kingdom.
46. 3:53Furthermore, World War I spread the idea that war is bad.
47. 3:59Then, disarmament on a global scale and international cooperation were advanced.
48. 4:05It also influenced Japanese politics.
49. 4:08World War I was defined as a battle between democracy and despotism.
50. 4:14So the idea of ​​democracy became all the rage in Japan.
51. 4:17Then, democratic movements were carried out in various fields such as politics, society, and culture.
52. 4:24Until now, the people had not made their voices heard, but they began to make their voices heard, saying, "We want our opinions to be reflected in politics."
53. 4:32And they campaigned for universal suffrage to win the right to vote.
54. 4:38At that time, a cabinet based on the power of the privileged class called the House of Peers was to be organized.
55. 4:44Seeing the establishment of a cabinet by the privileged class, political parties were angry, saying, ``Are you going to do such an anachronistic thing?''
56. 4:52Representatives of the three political parties formed an alliance to overthrow the House of House of Peers.
57. 4:58The group of these three political parties is called the Goken Sanpa.
58. 5:03This battle was won by the political party side, the Goken Sanpa.
59. 5:07Among them, KENSEIKAI won the most seats.
60. 5:12Then, TAKAAKI KATO, the representative of KENSEIKAI, became the prime minister, and the Universal Manhood Suffrage Act was enacted.
61. 5:19However, TAKAAKI KATO died of illness during his tenure as prime minister.
62. 5:24After him, REIJIRO WAKATSUKI became prime minister.
63. 5:28However, Emperor of Japan died during his tenure, and the times changed to the turbulent Showa era.
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65. 5:39It's the composition associated with the video.
66. 5:41Photos, maps and illustrations.
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