【幕末】206 忙しい人のための戊辰戦争【日本史】 — Transcript

Full transcript

1. 0:00overview.
2. 0:01Hello everyone.
3. 0:03This time I will tell you about the Boshin War.
4. 0:06This war occurred at the end of the Edo period.
5. 0:09The Boshin War marked a turning point between the Edo period and Meiji era.
6. 0:14The Boshin War can actually be divided into several battles.
7. 0:18Let's check it on the map.
8. 0:20These are the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, the Bloodless surrender of Edo, the Battle of Ueno, the Tohoku War, and the Hakodate War.
9. 0:27The battlefield gradually moved northward from Kyoto to present-day Hokkaido.
10. 0:33The former Shogunate army was defeated in this battle.
11. 0:36The Meiji era began with the new government army.
12. 0:39You now understand the big picture.
13. 0:42Now, let's take a closer look at the Boshin War.
14. 0:49In 1867, shogun TOKUGAWA YOSHINOBU declared that real political power would be returned to The Imperial Court.
15. 0:56It is called Taisei Hokan.
16. 0:57The institution that used to be called the "The Imperial Court" has become the "New Government."
17. 1:02The institution that was once called the ``Shogunate'' came to be called the ``Old Shogunate.''
18. 1:07The Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain took the lead in the former.
19. 1:10And TOKUGAWA CLAN and AIZU domain took the initiative in the latter.
20. 1:13However, TOKUGAWA YOSHINOBU thought at the time that The Imperial Court had not conducted politics for hundreds of years.
21. 1:19``Even if political power is returned to them, they will be in trouble and ask us for help,'' he thought.
22. 1:25In other words, real political power was nominally returned to The Imperial Court .
23. 1:31However, he had a vision for TOKUGAWA to continue to conduct politics.
24. 1:36New government.
25. 1:37However, groups that overthrowing the Shogunate , such as the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain , opposed it.
26. 1:42"We have finally established a new government."
27. 1:45"If you look at TOKUGAWA YOSHINOBU's vision, nothing has changed."
28. 1:48They thought, ``It's the same as in the Edo period.''
29. 1:51Then, the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain waged a war to overthrow the former Shogunate.
30. 1:58The Battle of Toba–Fushimi has begun.
31. 2:01January 3, 1868.
32. 2:03At that time, the new government army was based in Kyoto, and the old Shogunate army was based in Osaka.
33. 2:10The Battle of Toba–Fushimi took place in the middle.
34. 2:15The winner of this battle was the new government army.
35. 2:17The defeated Shogunate army retreated to Osaka and tried to rebuild their position.
36. 2:22But something unexpected happened here.
37. 2:25TOKUGAWA YOSHINOBU, the most important person, fled to EDO CASTLE.
38. 2:29Due to his escape, the former Shogunate army was thrown into disarray and unable to recover.
39. 2:35OSAKA CASTLE was handed over to the new government forces.
40. 2:37Former Shogunate.
41. 2:39What did YOSHINOBU do after returning to EDO?
42. 2:42He surrendered and retired to KANEIJI in UENO.
43. 2:45He voluntarily entered a sober life.
44. 2:48Of course, some people were not convinced by this and argued that ``we should fight.''
45. 2:54The Shogunate was then divided into the allegiance faction and the Sensen faction.
46. 2:59Then the new government army arrived.
47. 3:01They have moved east with a plan to attack EDO.
48. 3:06The allegiance faction of the old Shogunate told them, ``We have no intention of fighting.''
49. 3:11"Please help YOSHINOBU."
50. 3:12"Please do not attack EDO CASTLE," the allegiance faction asked them.
51. 3:16The allegiance faction asked them to halt their plan to attack EDO all-out.
52. 3:18KATSU KAISHU played an active role here.
53. 3:21The general of the new government army that came to KANTO REGION was actually SAIGO TAKAMORI.
54. 3:27The general of the former Shogunate army was actually KATSU KAISHU.
55. 3:31They talked and averted an all-out attack on EDO by the new government forces.
56. 3:35And the former Shogunate army vacated EDO CASTLE.
57. 3:38Instead, new government forces entered EDO CASTLE.
58. 3:41The town of EDO was bloodlessly taken over by new government forces.
59. 3:46However, the main war faction of the former Shogunate army was not satisfied with this.
60. 3:50They remained in EDO and continued to resist the new government forces.
61. 3:53Alternatively, they fled to the TOHOKU REGION and continued to resist the new government forces.
62. 3:56The battle fought by the main war factions who remained in EDO became the Battle of Ueno.
63. 3:59The Tohoku War was fought by people who fled to the TOHOKU REGION.
64. 4:04May 15, 1868.
65. 4:06From the name Battle of Ueno, you can tell that:
66. 4:09This battle took place around UENO PARK in present-day Tokyo.
67. 4:14The new government forces attacked the former Shogunate forces who were holed up there.
68. 4:18The old Shogunate army was expelled from EDO by the new government army.
69. 4:22The stage of the Boshin War then moved to the TOHOKU REGION on the north side of EDO.
70. 4:28In the TOHOKU REGION, there was the AIZU domain.
71. 4:31The AIZU domain was in the position of Military governor of Kyoto.
72. 4:34Until then, they had oppressed many people who opposed the Shogunate.
73. 4:38They were strongly hated by the new government forces.
74. 4:41However, the TOHOKU REGION domain sympathized with the AIZU domain and tried to help them.
75. 4:47The domain of the TOHOKU REGION formed an alliance to oppose the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain.
76. 4:52This was the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei .
77. 4:55Thus, the Tohoku War began with the structure of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei versus the new government army.
78. 5:01However, the new government army had fought through the Boshin War until then.
79. 5:06Their experiences were different.
80. 5:07The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei gradually became inferior.
81. 5:11The new government forces finally set their sights on AIZU.
82. 5:14In AIZU, the main army had left and there were no soldiers to defend.
83. 5:20Therefore, BYAKKOTAI was introduced.
84. 5:22BYAKKOTAI fought back desperately, but it was no use against the new government forces.
85. 5:26The new government forces have invaded AIZU territory.
86. 5:28BYAKKOTAI committed mass suicide at IIMORI HILL.
87. 5:31It was horrific.
88. 5:34However, the AIZU domain remained in siege and continued to resist the new government forces.
89. 5:37However, they eventually surrendered.
90. 5:39The stage of the battle moved to Ezo.
91. 5:42ENOMOTO TAKEAKI continued to resist the new government forces in Ezo until the end.
92. 5:47He previously served the Shogunate.
93. 5:50He crossed the ocean on a former Shogunate warship and tried to start a new life in Ezo.
94. 5:56He and his companions sought to develop the Ezo and make it their job to guard Japan's north.
95. 6:03The fleet led by ENOMOTO landed in Ezo and took control of Hakodate magistrate's office.
96. 6:07They used GORYOKAKU as their base and subdued Ezo.
97. 6:10However, the new government forces naturally did not condone their actions.
98. 6:15The new government forces attacked HAKODATE with state-of-the-art warships.
99. 6:18ENOMOTO TAKEAKI resisted them, but in the end HAKODATE fell.
100. 6:23The Hakodate War has ended.
101. 6:25Thus, the Boshin War ended.
102. 6:27The long period of turmoil at the end of Edo period has ended.
103. 6:30And so the Meiji era began.