【幕末】203 江戸幕府崩壊！？第二次長州征討【日本史】 — Transcript

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1. 0:04In 1866, the Tokugawa shogunate conducted its second Choshu Conquest.
2. 0:10This is the second Choshu Conquest.
3. 0:12The Chōshū Domain fought bravely in this battle, also known as the ``War of the Four Borders.''
4. 0:17As a result of this battle, the Tokugawa shogunate headed towards destruction.
5. 0:26"Statue of TAKACHIKA MOURI".
6. 0:27hello everyone.
7. 0:29This time I will talk about the second Choshu Conquest.
8. 0:32I have already released a video about the first Choshu Conquest, so please watch that for more details.
9. 0:38In this video, let's start by briefly looking back on the Second Choshu Conquest. "KANMON Straits".
10. 0:46review.
11. 0:48In a previous video, I talked about how during the first Choshu Conquest, the Chōshū Domain was in tatters and surrendered to the Shogunate.
12. 0:57However, after that, the Chōshū Domain's theory of the domain was turned upside down by SHINSAKU TAKASUGI, and the Chōshū Domain turned to overthrow the overthrowing the Shogunate.
13. 1:05The Satsuma-Choshu Alliance that I talked about last time was formed around this time.
14. 1:09This alliance, in which the Satsuma Domain promised to cooperate with the Chōshū Domain behind the scenes, led to major changes in the political situation at the end of the end of Edo period.
15. 1:17Review, done.
16. 1:18Now, under these circumstances, the opposing Shogunate succeeded in forming an alliance with The Imperial Court .
17. 1:24YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI succeeded in persuading Emperor Kōmei , who was against opening of the country , to obtain royal approval for the treaty.
18. 1:31But this will cause strong opposition.
19. 1:34To the general public, it appeared that YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI had forcibly obtained imperial permission from the reluctant Emperor Kōmei.
20. 1:42TOSHIMICHI OHKUBO of the Satsuma Domain, who was in Kyoto, informed TAKAMORI SAIGO of his policy of ignoring imperial orders, saying, ``An imperial order that is unreasonable is not an imperial order.''
21. 1:53SAIGO headed to the Satsuma Domain to seek instructions from HISAMITSU.
22. 1:57Now, let's summarize the situation.
23. 1:59The Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain joined forces to oppose the Shogunate.
24. 2:03The Shogunate is teaming up with The Imperial Court to subjugate the Chōshū Domain.
25. 2:08So what were other people and the domain thinking at this time?
26. 2:13In conclusion, many people were on the side of the Chōshū Domain.
27. 2:17``The first Choshu Conquest should have already finished disposing of the Chōshū Domain.''
28. 2:21Many people thought that the Shogunate was in the wrong and that they felt sorry for the Chōshū Domain.
29. 2:26However, even so, if the Shogunate orders, you cannot disobey it.
30. 2:30In this way, the Shogunate's army became a motley army of people who didn't want to fight against the Chōshū Domain and wanted to go home as soon as possible.
31. 2:39In the end, some people disbanded without permission from the Shogunate.
32. 2:43The Second Choshu Conquest was in turmoil even before it began.
33. 2:47However, the Shogunate will not back down.
34. 2:49It was completely impossible for the Shogunate to back down at this stage when the Emperor of Japan ordered them to defeat the Chōshū Domain . "Osaka Castle, IEMOCHI TOKUGAWA".
35. 2:57Thus, the Shogunate issued an ultimatum to the Chōshū Domain.
36. 3:01The Shogunate believed that the Chōshū Domain would surrender like last time.
37. 3:07However, the Chōshū Domain decided to fight back completely.
38. 3:10The Chōshū Domain did not respond to the ultimatum and bought time, during which time they expanded their armament.
39. 3:17On the other hand, the Shogunate army lost more morale as time passed.
40. 3:22In other words, buying time was a strategy for the Chōshū Domain to kill two birds with one stone.
41. 3:26In the end, the Chōshū Domain did not reply by the deadline. ``Former Yamaguchi domain Government Gate.''
42. 3:30After much waiting, the Shogunate started war.
43. 3:33This is how the second Choshu Conquest began.
44. 3:361866. June 7th, Keio 2.
45. 3:39The first thing the Chōshū Domain did was blockade Shimonoseki.
46. 3:43Shimonoseki was a major transportation hub, and a place where a lot of goods were transported. "KANMON Straits".
47. 3:49In other words, if Shimonoseki was sealed off, the distribution would be cut off, making it difficult for rice to get into Osaka.
48. 3:56In short, it was a military attack on the Shogunate.
49. 3:59As a result, a situation was created in which the Chōshū Domain had a large stock of rice, but the Shogunate army was unable to receive rice.
50. 4:07In Osaka, the price of rice skyrocketed, leading to angry populace and riots and destruction.
51. 4:13The Shogunate also had to deal with these issues.
52. 4:16In other words, the Shogunate was no longer able to devote all its efforts to Choshu Conquest.
53. 4:20The Battle of Choshu Conquest was fought on the four borders of the Chōshū Domain .
54. 4:26OHSHIMA, GEISYU, SEKISYU, and KOKURA.
55. 4:30It was said that 100,000 Shogunate troops were heading towards the Chōshū Domain .
56. 4:33The opposing Choshu army had 4,000 troops.
57. 4:36In terms of numbers, there was a difference of about 25 times, and the Choshu army was clearly at a disadvantage.
58. 4:41However, there was a certain person in the Chōshū Domain at this time.
59. 4:44MASUJIRO OHMURA. He was one of the top minds in Japan at the time.
60. 4:50Through his training, the Chōshū Domain had been thoroughly trained and the latest Western military tactics had been introduced.
61. 4:57In addition, they had the latest rifles purchased in the name of the Satsuma Domain.
62. 5:02They will take advantage of the latest military tactics and the latest guns, and will cover a 25-fold difference in military strength.
63. 5:09The battle first began at OHSHIMA in the Seto Inland Sea.
64. 5:13At first, the Shogunate army set fire to private houses, and the war progressed in favor of the Shogunate army.
65. 5:19The tide changed due to a simultaneous attack by the Chōshū Domain, and the Shogunate army was routed from OHSHIMA.
66. 5:26MASUJIRO OHMURA's strategy was sound and overwhelmed the outnumbered Shogunate army. "Yasukuni Shrine, MASUJIRO OHMURA".
67. 5:31The morale of the Chōshū Domain, which had set up a backwater camp, was extremely high.
68. 5:35They defeated the unmotivated Shogunate army in various places.
69. 5:38After this, the Shogunate army was unable to invade Choshu territory and suffered crushing defeats in various places.
70. 5:44The Chōshū Domain achieved an overwhelming victory.
71. 5:47SHINSAKU TAKASUGI, who fought at OHSHIMA, then heads to KOKURA and fights there, commanding elite troops such as volunteer troops.
72. 5:55Approximately 20,000 troops had gathered at KOKURA, the stronghold of the Shogunate army.
73. 6:00However, since they are a bunch of people, their morale is low and they are reluctant to fight.
74. 6:05In such a situation, the Shogunate army attempted to cross the sea, but was attacked by the Choshu Navy.
75. 6:11Conversely, the Chōshū Domain crossed the sea and landed in Kyushu, defeating the Shogunate army.
76. 6:17However, the Shogunate army was not left alone. "KOKURA Castle".
77. 6:20The Choshu army is forced into a difficult battle as the Higo domain, which is desperately defending the AKASAKA battery on the outskirts of KOKURA Castle, receives a fierce counterattack.
78. 6:29However, something terrible happened that blew away the current situation.
79. 6:34IEMOCHI TOKUGAWA suddenly passed away.
80. 6:36This tore the Shogunate army apart.
81. 6:39Not only did the Shogunate lose to the Chōshū Domain , which was just one domain, but the 14th shogun, IEMOCHI TOKUGAWA, died at Osaka Castle.
82. 6:47Due to the sudden death of the shogun, Osaka Castle, the headquarters of the Shogunate army, falls into complete silence.
83. 6:53Even though the war was in progress against the Chōshū Domain, not a single person inside Osaka Castle made a sound.
84. 6:59ROJU and the others could only shed tears.
85. 7:02The Shogunate army in KOKURA was disbanded.
86. 7:05The armies of each domain also returned to their respective countries.
87. 7:07The KOKURA domain, which was the scene of the battle, was left behind and isolated.
88. 7:11They had no choice. "KOKURA Castle".
89. 7:14The KOKURA domain set fire to KOKURA Castle themselves and retreated.
90. 7:17The second Choshu Conquest ended in complete victory for the Chōshū Domain.
91. 7:22When YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI heard the news that the Chōshū Domain had captured KOKURA Castle, he suffered great psychological damage. "YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI".
92. 7:30In many places he lost battles he thought he could win.
93. 7:34In addition, destruction occurred in Osaka and Hyogo.
94. 7:37To make matters worse, the shogun died.
95. 7:39YOSHINOBU thought that the battle could no longer continue and began working on a truce.
96. 7:45He expressed mourning over the shogun's death and halted the Choshu Conquest.
97. 7:51Thus, the Second Choshu Conquest came to an end, and peace negotiations began.
98. 7:55However, the AIZU and KUWANA domain opposed peace.
99. 7:59They thought, ``If we stop fighting here, the Shogunate will lose face and that will be the end of the Shogunate.''
100. 8:05However, despite their opposition, YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI made peace with the Chōshū Domain .
101. 8:10The second Choshu Conquest came to an end with the virtual victory of the Chōshū Domain .
102. 8:16The Shogunate was defeated by the one domain of TOZAMA. "Edo Castle".
103. 8:20As a result of this battle, the authority of the Shogunate rapidly declined.
104. 8:24Now, the question is, who will be the next shogun?
105. 8:29There is now only one suitable person. That is YOSHINOBU HITOTSUBASHI.
106. 8:34YOSHINOBU, who was to inherit the TOKUGAWA head family, gained sufficient support from those around him and assumed the position of shogun .
107. 8:42This is YOSHINOBU TOKUGAWA, the last shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate .
108. 8:52How was that?
109. 8:53After YOSHINOBU takes office as shogun, the political situation advances to a new stage.
110. 8:59The Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain were supported by Britain, and the Shogunate was supported by France.
111. 9:03The two will be competing with each other.
112. 9:05In the next video, I will talk about Taisei Hokan.
113. 9:09See you in the next video.