[산상수훈 바로잡기 2] 심령이 가난한 자는 복이 있나니 (마태복음 5:3) — Transcript

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1. 0:01Are Luke and Matthew delivering
2. 0:02different messages from Jesus, and was
3. 0:05Matthew a poor disciple who distorted
4. 0:07Jesus 'words? It is not Matthew who is
5. 0:10distorting the gospel, but rather
6. 0:12pastors and professors who are doing
7. 0:14the distorting. Hello. This is Kim
8. 0:19Cho-rong from "U-Turn to the Bible." In
9. 0:22Matthew 5: 3, it says, "Blessed are the
10. 0:25poor in spirit, for theirs is the
11. 0:27kingdom of heaven." Matthew's Gospel
12. 0:31says that the poor in spirit are
13. 0:34blessed. However, if you look at Luke
14. 0:376:20, the word "spirit" is missing, and
15. 0:40it simply says, "Blessed are you who
16. 0:42are poor." How should we understand
17. 0:45this difference between Matthew and
18. 0:48Luke? The most common explanation is as
19. 0:51follows. Jesus meant that those who are
20. 0:55economically destitute are blessed, and
21. 0:57Luke recorded Jesus' words exactly,
22. 1:00while Matthew added the expression "in
23. 1:03spirit" to Jesus 'words. Therefore, the
24. 1:07explanation is that Luke's content is
25. 1:10original and Matthew's version is
26. 1:13modified. In particular, liberation
27. 1:16theology and minjung theology argue
28. 1:18that Matthew distorted Jesus' words by
29. 1:21adding the term "in spirit." The claim
30. 1:25is that Matthew interpreted Jesus '
31. 1:27sharp words for social and economic
32. 1:29reform in a spiritual way, thereby
33. 1:32dulling the edge of Jesus' message.
34. 1:35That is how I learned it at church, and
35. 1:37I also learned it that way at
36. 1:38Presbyterian College and Theological
37. 1:40Seminary. Even now, quite a few pastors
38. 1:44preach in that manner. Are Luke and
39. 1:48Matthew really delivering different
40. 1:50messages from Jesus, and was Matthew a
41. 1:52poor disciple who distorted Jesus '
42. 1:54words? Are the Gospels of Luke and
43. 1:58Matthew in conflict with each other? I
44. 2:01explained in a previous video that when
45. 2:04the word "poor" is used in the Book of
46. 2:07Isaiah, it is used with a double
47. 2:10meaning. There are actually several
48. 2:14instances in Isaiah where the
49. 2:16expression "the poor" refers to those
50. 2:18who are truly economically destitute.
51. 2:22Isaiah 10: 2: "to deprive the poor of
52. 2:24their rights and withhold justice from
53. 2:26the oppressed of my people." Also,
54. 2:29Isaiah 3:14. "It is you who have ruined
55. 2:33the vineyard; the plunder from the poor
56. 2:36is in your houses.""What do you mean by
57. 2:40crushing my people and grinding the
58. 2:42faces of the poor?" Isaiah 32: 7. "They
59. 2:48use lies to destroy the needy, even
60. 2:50when the plea of the poor is just," and
61. 2:52so on. In contexts where God is calling
62. 2:57Israel to account for their sins and
63. 3:00condemning them, "the poor" is mainly
64. 3:03used to mean those who are economically
65. 3:06destitute. If so, does "the poor" in
66. 3:09the Book of Isaiah always refer only to
67. 3:11the economically impoverished class? No
68. 3:14, that is not the case. In the Book of
69. 3:17Isaiah, especially in the context of
70. 3:20future salvation, the term "poor"
71. 3:22refers to those who long for God's
72. 3:24salvation. For instance, Isaiah 66: 2.
73. 3:30"To this one I will look: he who is
74. 3:32humble and contrite in spirit, and
75. 3:35trembles at My word." Here, "I will
76. 3:38look" means "I will save." If you look
77. 3:42at the Hebrew text, the word "mind" is
78. 3:45not actually there. The translators of
79. 3:48the Korean Bible Society added the word
80. 3:51"mind" arbitrarily. In this case, I
81. 3:53believe it is a good translation that
82. 3:56clarifies the meaning of the original
83. 3:58text. This verse clearly shows who the
84. 4:02poor are; they are those who are
85. 4:04contrite in spirit and tremble at His
86. 4:07word. The poor are not the economically
87. 4:12destitute, but those who tremble before
88. 4:15God's judgment and are contrite in
89. 4:18spirit. Another example can be found in
90. 4:23Isaiah 29: 18-19. Here, we see the deaf
91. 4:27, the blind, the meek, and the poor
92. 4:31appearing in parallel and antithesis.
93. 4:36These deaf and blind are not referring
94. 4:38to someone with physical disabilities,
95. 4:41but are expressions referring to people
96. 4:44under God's judgment. In Isaiah 6: 9-10
97. 4:49, God says, "Keep on hearing, but do
98. 4:52not understand; keep on seeing, but do
99. 4:55not perceive." He commands, "Make the
100. 4:59heart of this people dull, and their
101. 5:02ears heavy, and shut their eyes." God's
102. 5:06judgment is what makes Israel
103. 5:09spiritually blind and deaf. The deaf
104. 5:13and the blind are the Lord's people who
105. 5:16are under God's judgment. For them,
106. 5:19salvation is to see again and to hear
107. 5:22again. If so, the meek and the poor
108. 5:26must also be interpreted as the Lord's
109. 5:30people under God's judgment, not as the
110. 5:33economically destitute. The word "meek"
111. 5:39in Isaiah 29:19 is a translation of the
112. 5:43Hebrew word "anav." However, looking at
113. 5:48the Septuagint, the meek "anav" was
114. 5:51translated into Greek as "ptochos." In
115. 5:55other words, the Jews who translated
116. 5:57the Septuagint in the 2nd century BC
117. 6:00understood "anav" as the poor. There is
118. 6:03also the mention of the "poor"
119. 6:05afterward, and the Hebrew adjective
120. 6:08translated as "poor" here is the word "
121. 6:11ebyon." The basic meaning of "ebyon" is
122. 6:14also poor. However, looking at the
123. 6:18Septuagint, "ebyon" is translated as "
124. 6:21apelpismenoi," the perfect passive
125. 6:24participle of the verb "apelpizo.""
126. 6:28Apelpizo" is a verb that means to cause
127. 6:31someone to lose hope. It comes from the
128. 6:35original verb "elpizo," meaning to hope
129. 6:38, with the prefix "apo" attached to it.
130. 6:42It means to separate from hope, that is
131. 6:44, to cause despair. Since it is passive
132. 6:47, participial, and plural, it means
133. 6:49those who have been made to lose hope,
134. 6:52that is, those who have been driven to
135. 6:54despair. The Jews who translated the
136. 6:57Hebrew Old Testament into Greek in the
137. 7:002nd century BC, did not understand the
138. 7:03poor in the Book of Isaiah as those who
139. 7:05are economically destitute. The poor
140. 7:08are people under God's judgment,
141. 7:12meaning those who have no hope of
142. 7:16salvation other than God. In this way,
143. 7:19the Book of Isaiah describes humans
144. 7:22under God's judgment in various ways.
145. 7:25The poor, the contrite in spirit, those
146. 7:28who tremble at My word. They are the
147. 7:31deaf, the blind, the humble, and the
148. 7:34poor; they are all humans under God's
149. 7:37judgment. Therefore, the expression "
150. 7:41the poor" appearing in Jesus' words
151. 7:43must also be interpreted within the
152. 7:45context of the Old Testament. Everyone,
153. 7:48who are the poor in the Bible? In this
154. 7:51question lies a crossroads for
155. 7:53interpreting the Gospel. Is the Gospel
156. 7:56for all humanity? Or is it only for the
157. 7:59socially vulnerable? Depending on how
158. 8:03you answer this question, the content
159. 8:05of the Gospel changes. While the church
160. 8:09should certainly stand by the socially
161. 8:11vulnerable and help them, helping the
162. 8:14socially vulnerable is not the essence
163. 8:17of the Gospel we proclaim. The church
164. 8:20is neither a welfare center nor a
165. 8:22welfare agency. Claims of liberation
166. 8:25theology, such as "the Gospel is for
167. 8:28the poor." God who chose the poor, the
168. 8:31church for the poor, the kingdom of
169. 8:34heaven is for the poor. Such statements
170. 8:38are all exaggerations and misleading
171. 8:40regarding the essence of the Gospel.
172. 8:43The Gospel we must proclaim is that all
173. 8:46humans are poor. All humans are sinners
174. 8:49. It is that all humans cannot be saved
175. 8:52except by the grace of God. All humans
176. 8:56are in a spiritually poor state.
177. 9:00Looking at 2 Corinthians 8: 9, it says,
178. 9:03"For you know the grace of our Lord
179. 9:05Jesus Christ, that though he was rich,
180. 9:08yet for your sake he became poor, so
181. 9:11that you by his poverty might become
182. 9:14rich." The adjective "plousios,"
183. 9:18translated here as "rich," simply means
184. 9:20wealthy. Christ is the wisdom of God
185. 9:24who created this world and the King who
186. 9:26rules this world from the right hand of
187. 9:29the throne. Therefore, Christ is the
188. 9:32wealthy One. Nevertheless, Christ was
189. 9:35born on this earth in human form. The
190. 9:40statement that He became poor for your
191. 9:42sake refers to the incarnation of
192. 9:44Christ. It does not mean He became poor
193. 9:48because He was born in a stable. Being
194. 9:51born in human form was, in itself,
195. 9:54becoming poor. The purpose of Him
196. 9:57coming to this earth in human form was
197. 10:00to make us rich again. Originally, in
198. 10:03the Garden of Eden, everything
199. 10:05belonging to God was Adam's. Adam was
200. 10:08originally a wealthy man. However, he
201. 10:11fell, was driven out of the Garden of
202. 10:13Eden, and became a beggar. The saying "
203. 10:15to make us rich" does not mean that if
204. 10:18you believe in Jesus, you will make a
205. 10:20lot of money and succeed. That is a
206. 10:22theology of prosperity and a false
207. 10:24gospel. "To make us rich" means that we
208. 10:28are to recover the Garden of Eden that
209. 10:31Adam lost. It means we have received
210. 10:34the tremendous blessing of entering the
211. 10:37Kingdom of God again. Revelation 3:17.
212. 10:40"You say, 'I am rich; I have acquired
213. 10:43wealth and do not need a thing.' But
214. 10:46you do not realize that you are
215. 10:48wretched, pitiful, poor, blind and
216. 10:50naked." Laodicea was a wealthy city at
217. 10:54the time, so the Laodicean church
218. 10:56likely had many wealthy members. Yet,
219. 11:00the Bible says to them, "You are poor,
220. 11:04blind, and naked." It calls the
221. 11:07Laodicean believers blind, meaning they
222. 11:10cannot see. In Laodicea, wool clothing
223. 11:13woven from sheep's wool was famous at
224. 11:15the time. The believers were likely all
225. 11:19wearing expensive clothes made of wool.
226. 11:22But the text says to them, "You are
227. 11:25naked." It means they are in the same
228. 11:27state as Adam and Eve after they sinned
229. 11:29. We are also naked and poor people.
230. 11:33Both Luke and Matthew knew that the "
231. 11:35poor" were not those who were
232. 11:37economically destitute. Matthew likely
233. 11:41added the word "pneuma" to prevent
234. 11:44future believers from misunderstanding
235. 11:47"the poor" as people who are
236. 11:49financially destitute. It means "from
237. 11:53the perspective of the spirit." The
238. 11:55Revised Version translated it as "
239. 11:57spirit"(in heart). It means "poor from
240. 12:00a spiritual perspective." Matthew
241. 12:03understood the words of Jesus
242. 12:05accurately and is conveying them to us
243. 12:08as such. Therefore, the contents of the
244. 12:11Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of
245. 12:12Luke are not in conflict with each
246. 12:14other. Both are saying that those who
247. 12:17are poor from a spiritual perspective
248. 12:19are blessed. A person who is
249. 12:22spiritually poor is one who is in a
250. 12:24naked state like Adam under God's
251. 12:27judgment. It is a person who realizes
252. 12:30that they cannot save themselves by
253. 12:32their own power and waits only for the
254. 12:35salvation given by grace while looking
255. 12:37solely to God. Jesus says that such a
256. 12:41person is blessed. This is because God
257. 12:45blesses such a person to joyfully
258. 12:47accept the gospel of the forgiveness of
259. 12:50sins through Jesus Christ. The Korean
260. 12:54church must quickly break free from
261. 12:56this erroneous interpretation that
262. 12:58defines the poor strictly as those who
263. 12:59are economically destitute. It is not
264. 13:02Matthew who distorts the Gospel, but
265. 13:04rather pastors and professors who
266. 13:06pursue shallow, liberation
267. 13:08theology-style interpretations who are
268. 13:10distorting it. Yes. Thank you. That is
269. 13:13all for today.