Урок 2. Личные МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ в немецком языке (я, ты, он, она, оно, они, мы, вы) | Грамматика 2.0 — Transcript

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1. 0:02Hello, friends. Today we will cover the
2. 0:05most basic yet incredibly important
3. 0:06topic: personal pronouns in the German
4. 0:08language. These are the words like I,
5. 0:11you, he, she, they, and so on, without
6. 0:13which you cannot build a single
7. 0:15sentence. Moreover, the entire German
8. 0:18verb conjugation system is tied
9. 0:19specifically to these pronouns. So
10. 0:22let's figure them out once and for all.
11. 0:25When you are telling a story, you don't
12. 0:26repeat the same thing, say, a name, 10
13. 0:27times in a row. Olya woke up, Olya had
14. 0:30breakfast, Olya went to work. It sounds
15. 0:33somewhat strange and unnatural. We say:
16. 0:36"Olya woke up, she had breakfast, she
17. 0:38went to work." Those are the personal
18. 0:41pronouns. They replace nouns and make
19. 0:44our speech lively and more natural. In
20. 0:47German, pronouns work in exactly the
21. 0:49same way, but with one interesting
22. 0:51difference. There is just one more than
23. 0:54in Russian. What is this mysterious
24. 0:56ninth pronoun? We will find out
25. 0:57everything right now. But before we
26. 0:59start analyzing the pronouns themselves
27. 1:01, let's introduce one very simple but
28. 1:03extremely useful concept: the
29. 1:04grammatical person. In general, in
30. 1:07grammar, pronouns are divided into
31. 1:08three persons. It might sound a bit
32. 1:10strange, but it is actually very
33. 1:12logical. The first person is you
34. 1:14yourself, that is, the one who is
35. 1:15speaking. When you talk about yourself,
36. 1:18you use "I" in the singular, or "we" in
37. 1:21the plural. The second person is your
38. 1:23interlocutor, that is, the person you
39. 1:25are addressing. In the singular, it is
40. 1:27"you"(informal), and in the plural, it
41. 1:29is "you guys." And the third person is
42. 1:32someone who is not participating in
43. 1:33your virtual dialogue. It is the person
44. 1:35you are talking about. That is, he, she
45. 1:38, or it in the singular, and they in
46. 1:41the plural. Why should you know this?
47. 1:43Because when we study verb conjugation,
48. 1:45cases, or other topics, I will say:
49. 1:48This rule works for the third person,
50. 1:50or the ending changes in the second
51. 1:53person singular. And instead of listing
52. 1:56all the pronouns, we will simply use
53. 1:58this convenient system. Great. Now that
54. 2:00we have covered the concept of person,
55. 2:02let's look at the German pronouns
56. 2:04themselves. And we will start with the
57. 2:06first person. "Ich" is I, "wir" is we.
58. 2:11Everything is simple here, just like in
59. 2:12Russian. Now let's move on to the
60. 2:14second person. This is where it gets
61. 2:16interesting. "Du" is you (informal)
62. 2:19when addressing one person. "Ihr" is
63. 2:23also informal, but when addressing a
64. 2:25group of people. And "Sie" with a
65. 2:29capital letter is you (formal) when
66. 2:31addressing both one person and a group.
67. 2:34Wait, wait, hold on. Three different
68. 2:37pronouns for second-person address. In
69. 2:39Russian, there are seemingly only two:
70. 2:41"ty" and "vy." Let's figure out what
71. 2:43the difference is. In Russian, we use "
72. 2:46vy" in two cases. Either when
73. 2:49addressing someone politely, for
74. 2:51example, a stranger or, say, your boss,
75. 2:53or when speaking to a group of people;
76. 2:56the Germans decided to separate these
77. 2:58two functions. So, "Sie," which is
78. 3:01written with a capital letter, is a
79. 3:04polite, respectful form of address. You
80. 3:07can easily remember: a capital letter,
81. 3:08accordingly, means something polite. We
82. 3:11use "Sie" when talking to a professor
83. 3:13at the university, a stranger on the
84. 3:16street, your client at work, and so on.
85. 3:19And it doesn't matter whether it's one
86. 3:21person or several. But "ihr," which is
87. 3:24written with a lowercase letter, is an
88. 3:27address to a group of people whom you
89. 3:29would individually address as "ty":
90. 3:32friends, children, colleagues, and so
91. 3:34on. And this very "ihr" is that ninth
92. 3:38pronoun that doesn't exist in Russian.
93. 3:41And, finally, the third person. "Er" is
94. 3:44he, "sie" is she, and "es" is it. And
95. 3:49in the plural, it is also "sie," that
96. 3:52is, they. Wait, wait, "sie" again, and
97. 3:55twice at that. Don't be scared; yes, in
98. 3:58German, the same word "sie" is used in
99. 4:00three meanings. It is she, they, and
100. 4:04the polite "you." In practice, they are
101. 4:08actually easy to distinguish both by
102. 4:09the context in which they are used and
103. 4:11by the verb. When we get to verb
104. 4:14conjugation, you will see that with
105. 4:16different "sie," the verbs change
106. 4:17differently, and no confusion arises.
107. 4:19Well, almost. But we will talk about
108. 4:22that later. And now let's go over the
109. 4:24pronunciation, because some sounds
110. 4:26might be unusual. So, the first pronoun
111. 4:30is "ich," that is, I. Pay attention to
112. 4:32the sound at the end. It is not "kh"
113. 4:35and not "sh," as you might sometimes
114. 4:37hear in various German dialects. In
115. 4:39standard, so-called High German, "
116. 4:42Hochdeutsch." It is something in
117. 4:44between, a kind of soft sound, like in
118. 4:46the word "hee-hee," but a little bit
119. 4:47softer. Smile when you pronounce this "
120. 4:50ch," and it automatically becomes
121. 4:52softer. Yes, "ich." The second pronoun
122. 4:55we have is "du." It's simple here: it's
123. 4:58read exactly as it's written. Next, we
124. 5:00have "er." A very important point,
125. 5:03please do not forget. The letter R
126. 5:06after vowels in German is almost not
127. 5:08pronounced and sounds more like the
128. 5:09letter A, right? So, not "er" and not "
129. 5:13err," but specifically "er,""sie," that
130. 5:16is, she. Here, note that the letter "s"
131. 5:20is pronounced like "z" because it’s
132. 5:22at the beginning of the word, right?
133. 5:25And the letter combination "ie" gives
134. 5:28an "ee" sound, nice and long, so we get
135. 5:30"zee". If you don't remember these
136. 5:33rules, please re-watch my first lesson
137. 5:35on reading and pronunciation rules. I
138. 5:37explain it all in detail there. Next,
139. 5:39we have "es"—the letter "e" is almost
140. 5:42always pronounced just as "eh," not "
141. 5:44yeh." And accordingly, the "s" is
142. 5:47indeed an "s" because it stands at the
143. 5:49end of the word. Next is "wir," with
144. 5:52the same story regarding the letter "r"
145. 5:54that stands at the end of the syllable.
146. 5:56Therefore, it’s not "vir" or "vich,"
147. 5:59but "wia." Next we have "ihr," same
148. 6:02thing, except here, besides the letter
149. 6:05"r" at the end of the syllable, there's
150. 6:08the letter "h," which, I remind you, is
151. 6:10also silent and only slightly lengthens
152. 6:13the preceding vowel, so it sounds a bit
153. 6:15, well, drawn out. And "Sie," right?
154. 6:19That is, the formal "you." It is
155. 6:21pronounced exactly the same as "she"
156. 6:24and "they." You can only distinguish
157. 6:26them by the context. In terms of
158. 6:27pronunciation, they sound absolutely
159. 6:29identical. Friends, I know some of you
160. 6:31are thinking right now: "Big deal, just
161. 6:33nine words, I'll learn them later.""I
162. 6:35have more important things to do right
163. 6:37now," but I wouldn't advise putting it
164. 6:38off. And here is why. Firstly, every
165. 6:40verb in the German language is
166. 6:42conjugated depending on the pronoun.
167. 6:44Ich gehe, du gehst, es/er geht. They
168. 6:48all have different forms. And to
169. 6:51conjugate verbs correctly—which we'll
170. 6:52do in the next lesson—you need to
171. 6:54know all these pronouns inside out.
172. 6:57Secondly, pronouns are used in almost
173. 6:59every sentence, so if you don't master
174. 7:01them now, you won't be able to build
175. 7:03even the simplest phrases. And thirdly,
176. 7:05these are just nine short words.
177. 7:07Seriously, memorizing them will take 10
178. 7:09minutes max. So the sooner you start,
179. 7:12the sooner you'll finish. Here is a
180. 7:14little life hack from me. Divide the
181. 7:16pronouns into three blocks by person.
182. 7:18Meaning first, second, and third. And
183. 7:20every day, say them out loud in that
184. 7:23order. First person: ich, wir. Second
185. 7:26person: du, ihr, Sie. Third person: er,
186. 7:29sie, es, sie. In just a couple of days,
187. 7:31they will be etched into your memory
188. 7:34forever. So, what have we covered with
189. 7:36you today? Firstly, that personal
190. 7:38pronouns are words that replace nouns
191. 7:41and make speech more natural. Secondly,
192. 7:44there are nine of them in German, not
193. 7:46eight like in Russian. One additional
194. 7:48pronoun is "ihr," which is the informal
195. 7:51way to address a group of people.
196. 7:54Please try to remember right away that
197. 7:56"ihr" is the informal "you plural,"
198. 7:58because in my experience, most German
199. 8:00learners translate "ihr" as "they,"
200. 8:02right? Although "they," as we already
201. 8:05know from today's lesson, is "sie." So,
202. 8:08please don't make that mistake. "Ihr"
203. 8:10is the informal way to address a group
204. 8:12of people. Third, pronouns are divided
205. 8:15into three persons. The first, meaning
206. 8:17"I" or "we," the second is "you," and
207. 8:20the third is "he,""she,""it," and "they
208. 8:23." It is really important to know this
209. 8:25for further study of grammar. Fourth,
210. 8:27the word "sie" is used in three
211. 8:30meanings. That is: "she,""they," and
212. 8:33the formal "you." But in practice, they
213. 8:35are easy to distinguish. And finally,
214. 8:37learning the pronouns is critically
215. 8:39important right now, because without
216. 8:41them we won't be able to move forward.
217. 8:43To verb conjugation, sentence structure
218. 8:45, and everything else. Please learn
219. 8:48these nine words not tomorrow, not in a
220. 8:50week, but right today. Believe me, this
221. 8:52is the best 10 minutes you can invest
222. 8:54in learning German, because they will
223. 8:56be everywhere from now on. Well,
224. 8:58friends, I hope this lesson was useful
225. 9:00for you. If you liked it, then hit the
226. 9:02like button and subscribe to the
227. 9:03channel. In the next lesson, we will
228. 9:05analyze the conjugation of regular
229. 9:07verbs. And that is where these pronouns
230. 9:09will be very useful to you. Write in
231. 9:10the comments if you have any questions
232. 9:12left. Well, we will see each other in
233. 9:14the next lesson. See you all later and
234. 9:16bye-bye. Yeah.